Fungal mitochondria are variable in size due to the presence of potential mobile elements such as group I and group II introns and homing endonuclease genes (HEGs). In this work the mitochondrial large ribosomal subunit gene (mt-rnl) of Ophiostoma ulmi and related species have been screened for the presence of introns and intron encoded proteins. Five introns have been noted in different regions of the rnl gene of O. ulmi and related species. Based on this rnl survey and rnl data from Genbank, an rnl intron landscape for ascomycetous and basidiomyctous fungi was generated by using bioinformatic based analysis. A total number of 23 possible intron insertion sites were found in the rnl gene of ascomycetous and basidiomycetous fungi. The results also indicate that regions of the rnl gene are more prone to intron invasion then others. The second project dealt with the evolution of mitochondrial ribosomal protein S5 (rps3) gene within the filamentous ascomycetes fungi. Within members of this group of fungi the rps3 gene typically is a component of the mL2449 group I intron but there are free-standing forms of rps3. The study examined if these free standing forms evolved only once due to an as of yet unknown recombination event or if the rps3 gene was transferred from the mL2449 intron to a new mtDNA locus several times during the evolution of the filamentous ascomycetes fungi. The third project was to sequence and characterize the intron and HEG found in the mitochondrial NADH dehydrogenase 4 (nad4) gene of an undescribed species of Pesotum. A 1.4 kb group IC2 intron has been identified in the nad4 gene of Pesotum strain WIN (M)1630. Overall the three studies demonstrate the invasive nature of introns and their associated ORFs and the potential of these introns to influence gene structure and size variation among the fungal mtDNAs.

Cette thèse a cherché à présenter une description des versions de Midrash Séder Eliyahou tout en se polarisant sur la recherche de la version authentique, aussi précise que possible. Cette étude interdisciplinaire tente d'allier les aspects paléographiques des manuscrits, la langue hébraïque ainsi que la littérature comparée. Le corpus de ce Midrash contient six éléments manuscrits. Seul le Codex, BAV, Vat. ebr. 31 est complet et en excellent état. Les trois éditions imprimées complètes, sont celles de : Venise (1598), première édition, copie d'un incunable, Prague (1677) et de Vienne (1901), l'édition critique de Friedman, basée sur BAV, Vat. ebr.31. Nous avons choisi ce dernier comme référent. Nous proposons l'hypothèse suivante : La fidélité est pas uniforme, il y a deux dimensions de fidélité, pouvant sembler contradictoires : paléographique et / ou exégétique. L'étude de sources de la Genizah génère deux cas de figure possibles : Il y aurait soit une seule famille du Midrash Séder Eliyahou, plus ou moins fidèles à la version de BAV, Vat. ebr. 31. Soit il existerait une autre version de SER, inconnue et divergente de celle de Vatican 31, générant une ou plusieurs autres familles de manuscrits. Si la seconde hypothèse se vérifie, il pourrait s'agir d'un Midrash en formation. La version occidentale est entièrement développée et fixée tandis que la version orientale aurait été transmise oralement sans avoir atteint sa forme définitive. / This thesis has sought to present a description of the versions of Midrash Seder Eliyyahu while polarizing on the search for the authentic version, as accurate as possible. This interdisciplinary study tries to use the palaeographic aspects of the manuscripts, the Hebrew language as well as comparative literature. The corpus of this Midrash contains six manuscripts elements. Only the Codex BAV, Vat. ebr. 31 is complete and in excellent condition. The three printed editions complete, are those of: Venice (1598), first edition, copy of incunabula, Prague (1677) and Vienna (1901), the critical edition of Friedman, based on BAV, Vat. ebr.31. This manuscript version was chosen as a referent. We propose the following hypothesis: The fidelity is not uniform, there are two loyalty dimensions, may seem contradictory : paleographic or/and exegetical. The study of the sources from the Genizah generated two possible cases : There would be only one family of the Midrash Seder Eliyyahu, referring to the version of BAV, Vat. ebr. 31. Either exist another version of SER, unknown and divergent from the Vatican 31, which will form one or more other family of manuscripts. If this second assumption proves true, Seder Eliyyahu could be a processing Midrash. The Western version is fully developed and secured while the eastern version be transmitted orally and not having reached its final form.

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