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L'objectif de ce projet de maîtrise est de développer un nouvel algorithme permettant de retrouver les relations phylogénétiques entre un arbre de référence (par exemple, l'arbre de la distribution géographique des espèces ou des paramètres climatiques) et un arbre caractérisant un fragment de l'alignement de séquences multiples (ASM). Pour ce faire, nous récupérerons d'abord les différents fragments d'un ASM donné. Nous les soumettrons par la suite aux différents programmes du paquet PHYLIP (Seqboot, ProtDist ou DnaDist, Neighbor et Consense) et le programme PhyML afin d'obtenir un arbre consensus avec les valeurs de bootstrap sur ses branches. À partir de chaque arbre consensus, nous calculerons son bootstrap moyen. De plus, nous comparerons topologiquement l'arbre consensus obtenu à l'arbre de référence pour connaître la distance de Robinson et Foulds (RF) normalisée entre eux. Pour chaque fragment d'un ASM, nous conserverons uniquement les données relatives à des fragments correspondant à la distance RF normalisée la plus petite (i.e., celle qui représente la plus grande similitude entre les deux arbres). Dans le cas où plusieurs fragments correspondront à la même valeur de la distance RF normalisée, l'estimation se poursuivra sur l'arbre consensus ayant le score de bootstrap le plus élevé (i.e., meilleur support de l'arbre). Pour connaître la performance de notre algorithme, nous utiliserons un jeu de données de 52 espèces appartenant au groupe des Carnivores se localisant en Amérique du Nord. Nous récupérons aussi 21 protéines issues de la base de données GenBank. La construction des arbres de référence se fera à partir de données climatiques de l'habitat de ces espèces (i.e., température, précipitation et altitude). Notre algorithme permettra de trouver des sous-séquences des gènes donnant une similarité topologique accrue entre l'arbre de référence et l'arbre phylogénétique obtenu à partir des séquences. ______________________________________________________________________________ MOTS-CLÉS DE L’AUTEUR : arbre phylogénétique, phylogéographie, distance de Robinson et Foulds, bootstrap, alignement de séquences multiples, paquet PHYLIP, GenBank.

This thesis re-evaluates Inhumanism, the philosophy of twentieth-century American poet Robinson Jeffers, in light of the Christian eremitic tradition. Inhumanism continues to create controversy around Jeffers' life and work; charges of misanthropy and anti-Americanism have pushed him to the margins of American literature. My first chapter looks at how critics have tried to understand Inhumanism's influences and motives by contextualizing Jeffers' philosophy in many cultural, psychological, literary, and spiritual traditions. Chapter Two explores the main tenets of the eremitic ideal, as expressed in the lives and writings of hermits from the fourth to the twentieth centuries. Chapters Three, Four, and Five then situate Inhumamsm's themes, imagery, and purpose---as set down in Jeffers' poetry from 1903 to 1962---in this eremitic tradition. Looking at Jeffers' early work shows that Inhumanism is not politically-motivated, as many critics claim, but rather is a deep-rooted spiritual orientation, carried in his heart from boyhood. Recontextualizing Jeffers' work in the eremitic tradition shows Inhumanism to be, not an exceptional or dangerous philosophy, but part of the core of western spirituality.

Thesis (M.S.)--Eastern Illinois University, 1998. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 53-55).

(Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Illinois, 1913.). / Reprinted from Deutsch-amerikanische Geschichtsblaetter, Jahrbuch der deutsch-amerikanischen historischen Gesellschaft von Illinois. Bibliography: p. 142-147.

Thesis (M.A.)--Ohio State University, 1929. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves iii-vi). Available online via OhioLINK's ETD Center

Thesis (B.A.)--Pennsylvania State University, 2009. / Mode of access: World Wide Web. Thesis supervisor: Arnold A. Markley.

(Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Illinois, 1913.). / Reprinted from Deutsch-amerikanische Geschichtsblaetter, Jahrbuch der deutsch-amerikanischen historischen Gesellschaft von Illinois. Bibliography: p. 142-147.

Thesis (M.M.) Florida State University, 2003. / Advisor: Bentley Shellahamer, Florida State University, College of Music. Title and description from dissertation home page (viewed 6-26-07). Document formatted into pages; contains 95 pages. Includes biographical sketch. Includes bibliographical references.

Dissertação (mestrado)—Universidade de Brasília, Instituto de Ciências Exatas, Departamento de Matemática, 2014. / Submitted by Ana Cristina Barbosa da Silva (annabds@hotmail.com) on 2014-11-28T18:48:47Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2014_VictorBarbosaJatoba.pdf: 494161 bytes, checksum: 7174c33026d49eca514696d934078d3a (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Patrícia Nunes da Silva(patricia@bce.unb.br) on 2014-12-01T15:00:10Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 2014_VictorBarbosaJatoba.pdf: 494161 bytes, checksum: 7174c33026d49eca514696d934078d3a (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-01T15:00:10Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2014_VictorBarbosaJatoba.pdf: 494161 bytes, checksum: 7174c33026d49eca514696d934078d3a (MD5) / O tema desta dissertação é o Teorema de Robinson, que trata da relação entre os chamados campos eletromagnéticos nulos e as congruências de geodésicas nulas shear-free no espaço de Minkowski. Atualmente, muito tem sido feito nos estudos de propriedades topológicas de campos eletromagnéticos nulos, como feito por W. Irvine em 2008 e H. Kedia 2013. Além disso, Adamo e Newman, em 2009, utilizaram as congruências de geodésicas nulas shear-free para o estudo e interpretação de problemas relacionados com a relatividade geral. Estes estudos são baseados no Teorema de Robinson, que relaciona toda congruência de geodésicas nulas shear-free com uma família de campos eletromagnéticos nulos e, reciprocamente, todo campo eletromagnético nulo com uma congruência nula de geodésicas shear-free, e o Teorema de Kerr, que caracteriza toda congruência de geodésicas nulas como os zeros de uma função analítica arbitrária. _______________________________________________________________________________ ABSTRACT / The theme of this work is the relation between null electromagnetic fields and congruence of null geodesic shear-free in Minkowski space-time, known as the Robinson Theorem. Recently studies have been done about topologic properties of null electromagnetic fields, such as W. Irvine in 2008 and H. Kedia 2013. Also, Adamo and Newman, in 2009, used the congruence of null geodesic shear-free to study and understand problems related to General Relativity. These studies are based in Robinson’s Theorem, which states that each congruence of null geodesic shear-free is related to a family of null electromagnetic fields and, conversely, each null electromagnetic field is related to a congruence of null geodesic shear-free, and Kerr’s Theorem, which relates a congruence of null geodesic shear-free to the zeros of an arbitrary analytic function.