This thesis is missing either page 57 or 58. The other copies of this thesis do not have this page either. -Digitization Centre / This study is an investigation of two regions which were once part of the same Proterozoic margin: the Frontenac Axis in the Southeastern Grenville Province of Ontario, and the island of Islay in Scotland. Shieh (1985) performed an oxygen isotopic study on the granitic plutons and surrounding metasediments in the Frontenac terrane. For the granites south of the Rideau Lake Fault, he observed extremely high 18O/16O ratios of +14.0%o (relative to SHOW), whereas north of the fault, the plutons gave ratios of around 10%o. Five of the plutons in Shieh's study have been dated using U-Pb zircon geochronology, with the following results: Battersea -1165 ± 3 Ma, Lyndhurst -1166 ± 3 Ma, Perth Road -1166 ± 3 Ma, Crow Lake -1176 ± 2 Ma, and Westport -1076 ± 2 Ma. The zircon ages are younger than the depleted mantle Nd model ages obtained (1211 to 1480 Ma) and signify that the plutons may be derived from a mantle source with contamination by the older surrounding metasediments which have an average Nd model age of 1790 Ma. Correlation between initial Nd (ENd(t) from +1 to +3) and initial Sr (Esr(t) from +9 to +21) also shows a mixed origin for the plutons. However, oxygen isotopes show that contamination by marble may also have occurred. Two features distinguish the Frontenac terrane southeast of the Rideau Lake Fault (RLF) from the Central Metasedimentary Belt (CMB) to the northwest: 1) the anorogenic (i.e. within plate) chemical signatures of the plutons, which are similar to the Hid-Proterozoic anorogenic granites that occur throughout North America (Anderson, 1983); and 2) the unique zircon ages for the plutons south of the RLF (1166 to 1176 Ha) that occur nowhere else in the CMB. This implies that the two areas define different crustal terranes. However, since Penokean (ca. 1800 Ha) crustal extraction ages are found in both terranes they may represent displaced segments of a single Penokean continental margin. In Scotland, a gneiss terrane on Islay was always inferred to be part of the Archean Lewisian complex. However, isotopic evidence shows that the Islay terrane is early Proterozoic in age (1782 Ha by U-Pb zircon geochronology) and that it is juvenile mantle-derived material, not a reworking of Archean crust during the Proterozoic. As a result, two major implications for the crustal evolution of Northern Britain are: 1) the Grampian terrane, an area directly adjacent to the newly defined Proterozoic Islay block, is probably underlain by Proterozoic basement; and 2) Northern Britain can be included in the Lower Proterozoic reconstruction of the Laurentian Shield. The similar crustal extraction ages observed in the Grenville of Ontario and on Islay give proof that these areas were part of a major 1.8 to 1.9 Ga crustal formation event, stretching from the southwestern U.S. to Finland. / Thesis / Master of Science (MS)

Thesis (Ph.D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Earth and Planetary Sciences, 1981. / MICROFICHE COPY AVAILABLE IN ARCHIVES AND LINDGREN. / Vita. / Bibliography: leaves 164-168. / by Teng-Fong Wong. / Ph.D.

Based on a review of the literature, a numerical model of the chip formation process in laminated rock formations has been developed. The model uses a finite element approach to simulate the anisotropic behavior of laminated rock formations. The finite element program has been developed with the assumption of two-dimensional plane strain. Anisotropic elements and dynamic loading are used to represent the actual penetration process of a bit tooth. An iteration method, using an incremental approach, has been applied for the continuous tooth penetration process. Displacements and axial loads have been modified after each iteration. The program provides quantitative information on stresses and displacements during the penetration process. Furthermore, bit deviations in laminated formations can be inferred.. Different rock strength characteristics have been employed on each side of the bit Bit tooth-rock interaction for various formation dips (from ()O to 9(0) of the Berea sandstone have been simulated and compared with experimental results. / Master of Science

Vita. / Digitized by Kansas Correctional Industries

published_or_final_version / abstract / Civil Engineering / Doctoral / Doctor of Philosophy

published_or_final_version / Civil Engineering / Master / Master of Philosophy

The intent of this dissertation is to examine the way Genesis retained progressive rock elements during its 1978-91 pop-rock period. Genesis began composing music in a pop-rock style in 1978, adapting to the changes in rock by incorporating progressive rock elements into a pop-rock style. This study analyzes thirty-four selected songs from six Genesis albums considered in the pop-rock genre, identifying some of the progressive rock elements in these songs. The project begins with a historical survey of Genesis, shedding light on the development of the band`s progressive style, its transition through personnel changes and in the music before and after the departure of Peter Gabriel, and the shift toward pop-rock beginning in 1978. A review of published literature and analyses addresses the progressive nature of Genesis. The progressive rock elements pertinent to this study are defined using scholarly literature and analyses of Genesis and other established progressive rock bands. Analytical charts that indicate form, harmony, and rhythm are used to examine the common progressive characteristics in each song addressed in this study.

In fractured rocks of low permeability, the hydraulic properties of the rock mass are strongly influenced by the connectivity and fracture geometry of the fracture system, the stiffness and deformational properties of fracture surfaces and the geostatic stresses. This dissertation demonstrates through theoretical analysis the sensitivity of fracture connectivity and flow rate to fracture radius, fracture density and measurement scale. Percolation factor and percolation frequency are suggested as indices of connectivity and flow rate. Models of hydromechanical coupling, normal closure and simple geometrical joint systems are proposed to study fracture porosity and fracture permeability and are compared with measured values from published papers. Fracture surface characteristics are expressed as indices of JRC and JCS. The relation between fracture aperture and geostatic stress is also examined. Based on the percolation process, a three dimensional discrete fracture model with statistical parameters of fracture geometry is developed to investigate the relations between the connectivity and flow rate and the percolation factor and percolation frequency. This model has the capability to generate a fracture network and to solve for steady state flow. The flow through each fracture is discretized by the boundary element method. By performing numerical simulation, the percolation threshold was found to be in the range of 0.9 to 2.4 for orthogonal joint sets. There is a rapid increase in flow rate with increasing fracture density or fracture length as the percolation factor reaches the percolation threshold. The percolation factor and percolation frequency are scale-dependent. A fracture network with large fractures and a high fracture density has a high percolation frequency and a high percolation factor. A network with high percolation frequency and percolation factor has a high flow rate. A constitutive model linking the initial conducting aperture, mechanical conducting aperture, JRC, JCS, geostatic stress and fracture geometries can be used to predict fracture porosity and fracture permeability in terms of depth. Preliminary comparison with field data shows that models comprising three orthogonal sets and disc-type fracture models can be used to simulate observed behavior. Fracture porosity and fracture permeability based on a model of three orthogonal sets can be used to predict flow through volcanic rocks. For sedimentary rocks a model incorporating a model of three orthogonal sets and one parallel set can be used with varying levels of confidence.

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