The Heart Mountain Detachment (HMD) in Wyoming constitutes one of the largest known rock slides (3400 km2) on Earth. This detachment took place along the stratigraphic boundary between the Bighorn Dolomite at the hanging-wall and the Snowy Range Formation at the footwall. The slide resulted in the formation of an up to 3 m-thick carbonate ultracataclasite (CUC) at the base of the slide. The origin of the CUC and the nature of the triggering mechanism responsible for the initiation of the catastrophic movement have long been controversial. The most widely accepted theory is a mid-Eocene eruption in the Absaroka volcanic province that triggered rupture and subsequent detachment of Paleozoic rocks. Rapid sliding was facilitated by basal fluidization generated by thermo-mechanical decomposition of carbonate rocks. Here I present a proof of concept study addressing the question of the consistent magnetic fabrics observed in the CUC, as well as new observations indicating the discovery of mineral grains of volcanic origin within the CUC. Additionally, some constraints are placed on the thermo-chemical conditions operating at the base of this catastrophic landslide. Overall, the CUC displays an average magnetic susceptibility one order of magnitude higher (1803 . -6 [SI]) than the overlying Bighorn Dolomite (148 . -6 [SI]) and underlying Snowy Range Fm (636 . -6 [SI]). Anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility (AMS) data, field observations and microstructural analysis suggest that ferromagnetic (s.l) minerals in the CUC originate from the Bighorn Dolomite, the Tertiary volcanics and synkinematic thermal decomposition of pyrite into pyrrhotite and magnetite. Thermomagnetic investigations revealed a Curie temperature of 525 °C which suggests that magnetite is the dominant magnetic carrier mineral in the CUC. Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy analyses confirm that this magnetite has a relatively low ulvöspinel content. Magnetic hysteresis properties point to an average pseudo-single domain magnetic grain size or, alternatively, a mixture of single domain and multi-domain grains. The origin of AMS is magnetostatic, elucidated by a high degree of consistency between AMS directions and 3–D SPO directions. The anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility (AMS) directional data displays two dominant fabric orientations suggesting possible strain partitioning in the CUC. The consistency of magnetic fabrics suggests that the CUC followed a dominantly transpressive regime. The deformation mechanism causing the consistent AMS is a homogeneous passive rotation of magnetite grains. Microstructural analysis of iron bearing minerals suggests that a high oxygen fugacity was present in the CUC at the onset of the slide. Evidence for elevated temperatures in the CUC is shown by broken twins in calcite which form as result of dynamic recrystallization. High pore fluid in the CUC is indicated by CUC dikes intruding the hanging wall and by accretionary grains (lapilli). Finally, the presence of unserpentinized and a few weakly serpentinized olivine clasts in the CUC brings the "hot water" weakening mechanism proposed by Ahranov and Anders (2006) into question.

Orientador: Alexandre Bérgamo Idargo / Banca: José Adriano Fenerick / Banca: Dmitri Cerboncini Fernandes / Resumo: É consenso nos trabalhos acadêmicos e jornalísticos que o rock brasileiro conquistou seus espaços nos meios de comunicação e reconhecimento da música brasileira apenas com a emergência das bandas dos anos 1980. Sendo assim, esta pesquisa se propôs a compreender, por meio da trajetória da Legião Urbana, as interferências dos múltiplos agentes sociais envolvidos e mobilizados na consolidação de um campo específico de música no Brasil: o campo do rock. A partir da análise de matérias publicadas em jornais, na revista Bizz e das entrevistas que fiz com alguns jornalistas e com o ex-produtor da Legião, pode-se concluir que as tomadas de posição e as disposições desses agentes construíram os critérios de avaliação do gênero, dos artistas e de produção dos discos, consolidando um espaço e definindo as marcas expressivas para o rock brasileiro e de uma geração de profissionais. / Abstract: There is consensus in the academic and journalistic works that rock and roll earned their places in the media and recognition of Brazilian music only with the emergence of national bands of the 80s. Thus, this research aims to understand the interference of multiple social agents involved and mobilized in the consolidation of a specific field of music in Brazil, the field of rock: music producers, journalists and bands, in this case "Legião Urbana". From the analysis of articles published in newspapers, on magazine Bizz and interviews I did with some journalists and the former producer of the Legion, I learned that the positions and the provisions of these agents have built the evaluation judgement of the genre, the artists and production of discs, consolidating spaces for Brazilian rock in the majors and the press. / Mestre

Adding a surface rock layer (also called rock armor or rock mulch) to constructed slopes improves erosion resistance but has had mixed effects on revegetation. This study investigated the effects of rock layer depth (no rocks, 10-, 15-, and 20-cm rock layers) and rock size (5-20cm diameter rocks) on vegetation cover. Seeding was applied four times in the first 2 years. After 3 years, plots with a rock layer averaged 7% vegetative cover compared to 85% on plots without a rock layer. There was a nonsignificant trend toward less vegetation with a deeper rock layer.

Orientador: Renato Ortiz / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Filosofia e Ciencias Humanas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-07-21T11:40:23Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Groppo_LuisAntonio_M.pdf: 8320561 bytes, checksum: 92191002e2d7193a067df61a55684dde (MD5) Previous issue date: 1996 / Mestrado / Mestre em Sociologia

Osteossarcoma (OS) é uma neoplasia que acomete principalmente as metáfises de ossos longos, sendo o tumor ósseo pediátrico mais comum. O tratamento consiste em ressecção cirúrgica, tratamento quimioterápico multimodal neo-adjuvante e adjuvante. No entanto, apesar dos tratamentos, cerca de 80% dos pacientes que apresentam metástase tem uma sobrevida curta. Deste modo, torna-se necessário um melhor entendimento do processo metastático, assim como da busca por novos alvos terapêuticos. Uma das principais vias relacionada à invasão e migração das células neoplásicas é a das GTPases Rho, cujas principais moléculas efetoras são as quinases ROCK1 e 2, responsáveis por mediar a migração através do controle do citoesqueleto. Tais quinases têm sido relatadas hiperexpressas em diversas neoplasias e associadas ao pior prognóstico. Recentemente, pesquisas também têm apontado a desregulação de miRNAs na tumorigênese, sendo que a hipoexpressão de alguns microRNAs estão relacionados à hiperexpressão das ROCKs e, portanto, envolvidos no processo metastático. No presente trabalho, estudou-se a expressão tanto das ROCKs quanto de miRNAs associados a elas em amostras tumorais de OS por meio de PCR em tempo real. Encontramos uma hipoexpressão de ROCK1 nas amostras OS quando comparadas ao osso não neoplásico controle, enquanto que ROCK2 não apresentou diferença. O miR-138 foi encontrado hiperexpresso e obteve correlação com ROCK2, além de associação com a sobrevida. Os miR-139 e miR-708 demonstraram-se hipoexpressos nas amostras tumorais. Já os miR-196b e miR-584 não apresentaram diferenças. Após as análises de expressão, optou-se pelo estudo do miR-708 em linhagens de OS, desta forma, sua expressão foi induzida em três linhagens celulares, através de um vetor lentiviral, e foram realizados ensaios funcionais com o objetivo de estabelecer o papel deste miRNA. Não foi observada diferença nas taxas de proliferação ou capacidade clonogênica quando a expressão do miR-708 foi indizida. No ensaio de migração wound healing o miR-708 reduziu a migração da linhagem SAOS-2, enquanto que no ensaio de invasão induziu a invasão da linhagem MG-63 em matrigel, mas reduziu esse potencial nas linhagens HOS e SAOS-2 na matriz de gelatina. Uma análise in silico dos alvos deste miRNA apontou sua associação às vias WNT, MAPK e de Junções Aderentes. Desta forma, sugere-se que o miR-708 pode estar envolvido no controle processos que levam ao desenvolvimento de metástase, principalmente na interação com a matriz extracelular. / Osteosarcoma (OS) is a neoplasia that mainly occurs at the metaphyses of long bones, being the most common pediatric bone tumor. The treatment is based on surgical resection and the multimodal chemoterapy adjuvant and neoadjuvant. However, despite the treatment, around 80% of patients who evolve to metastais present a poor survival. Therefore, understanding the metastatic process is essencial, as well as the search for new therapy targets. The mainly pathway related to invasion and migration in neoplasic cells is regulated by the Rho GTPases, and their main effectors are the kinases ROCK1 and ROCK2, which are responsible for cytoskeleton control. The hyperexpression of these kinases has been described in different cancers and it has been associated to poor prognostic. In parallel, several studies have extensively demonstrated miRNA deregulation in tumorigenesis, and the hipoexpression of some miRNA are related to ROCK upregulation, consequently, involved with metastasis. Herein, we studied the expression profiles of ROCK1 and 2 and associated miRNAs in OS tumor samples by means of qRT-PCR. We found downregulation of ROCK1 in OS samples when compared to normal bone (control), while ROCK2 did not show differences. MiR-138 showed hiperexpression and was correlated with ROCK2, and an association with survival rates. MiR-139 and miR-708 were found downregulated in tumor samples, though miR- 196b and miR-584 did not show differences in expression. Afterwards, miR-708 expression was induced in three OS cell lines, aiming establish miR-708 role. Proliferation and clonogenic essays did not present any effects when miR-708 was induced. In the wound healing essay, miR-708 reduced the migration of SAOS-2 cells, and in invasion essay, miR-708 induced invasion of MG-63 cells in a matrigel matrix, while reduced the invasive potential of HOS and SAOS-2 cell lines in a gelatin matrix. An in silico analysis of miR-708 targets highlighted its association with WNT, MAPK and Adherent Junction pathways. Therefore, we suggest that miR-708 can be involved in process that leads to metastasis, mainly related to extracellular matrix interation.

This thesis presents ground control best practices in weak rock environments including an augmentation to the existing Span Design curve by adding 463 case histories of RMR76 values ranging from 25 to 60. A Neural Network analysis of this data has been added and compared to the existing Span Design data of 292 case histories. Ground support is almost always used in weak rock environments, though the type of support used can vary widely. The development of the weak rock augmented Span Design Curve has also been calibrated to four different support categories; Category A: Pattern Friction Sets, Category B: Pattern Friction Sets with Spot Bolting of Rebar, Category C: Pattern Friction Sets with Pattern Rebar Bolts and Category D: Cablebolting, Shotcrete, Spiling, Timber Sets or Underhand Cut and Fill. Category A is considered “Unsupported” with an average Factor of Safety less than 1.2. Categories B, C and D are considered “Supported” with average Factors of Safety greater than 1.2. All categories are compared the original Critical Span Design Curve presented by Lang (1994). However, only Category A can be accurately compared to the original Critical Span Design Curve as it is “Unsupported” as well. Category A yields good results, however, Categories B, C and D do not, but still demonstrate that spans can remain stable at lower RMR76 values. Design of underground man-entry type excavations in North America relies heavily upon empirical analysis. This design requires a higher Factor of Safety than other non-man entry type excavations. A comparison of the calculated ½ span failure Factor of Safety between all the categories is also presented. The contribution this research provides to the mining industry is the "Unsupported" Weak Rock Updated Span Design Curve and awareness pertaining to the potentially detrimental effects of using resin grounted rebar in weak rock masses and the false sense of security that the use of resin grouted rebar may instill. It is also shown that spans in the “Unstable” zone of the new “Unsupported” Weak Rock Updated Span Design Curve can possibly be stabilized if detailed engineering design is applied to obtain “Supported” status. / Applied Science, Faculty of / Mining Engineering, Keevil Institute of / Graduate

The testing undertaken for this dissertation is intended to help quantify the various time-dependant deformation processes around typical deep level hard rock tabular excavations. Three mechanisms were investigated and two different hard rock types, Ventersdorp Lava and Elsburg Quartzite were used. Uniaxial compression creep studies were done as the first part of the study followed by shear creep studies on discontinuities where crushed lava and crushed quartzite as well as a natural gouge were used as infilling. An important conclusion made is that the relationship between grain size and infilling thickness is more important than previously might have been assumed. The last part of the study consisted of triaxial post-failure relaxation tests. As far as could be determined, this is the first time triaxial post-failure tests were attempted, particularly on typical South African hard rocks. An important finding of this study is that during compression creep as well as during triaxial post-failure relaxation the amount of energy dissipated for the lava is significantly less than for quartzite. For mines operating at great depth (more than 2000m) the implication is that the rock material might relax much more slowly than might have been assumed and this means that after failure the rock mass continues to store large amounts of strain energy. This study provides the first data available for energy change calculations in fractured rock masses. Three mechanisms of time-dependant deformation were quantified providing valuable data for numerical investigations. / Dissertation (MSc (Mine Strata Control))--University of Pretoria, 2006. / Mining Engineering / unrestricted

Orientador: Fernão Ramos / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Artes / Made available in DSpace on 2018-07-20T17:00:59Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Janotti_Junior_JederSilveira_M.pdf: 6227581 bytes, checksum: fabd6f5451a88bef7cff08265f5c08fa (MD5) Previous issue date: 1994 / Resumo: Não informado / Abstract: Not informed. / Mestrado / Mestre em Multimeios

I mitt examensarbete har jag valt att utforska mer komplexa former inom komponerande av rockmusik, för att ta reda på: vilka metoder jag kan använda mig av för att undvika traditionella formmönster, vilka resultat jag kan få när jag använder mig av otypiska formmönster och hur upplevelsen av formdelars funktioner blir när man använder sig av otypiska formdelar. Min metod har varit att ha en egen utgångspunkt till varje låt, till exempel att inte ha några återkommande formdelar, för att kunna bryta de formmönster som jag i vanliga fall använder mig av. I det här arbetet beskriver jag om hur jag gått tillväga under den kreativa processen, och om vad formdelars funktioner kan uppfattas när använder sig av otypiska mönster. De fyra låtarna har spelats in i replokal och i studio. Genom min studie har jag lärt mig att lita på mina instinkter även fast jag inte vet exakt vad de innebär och att saker och ting inte behöver vara självklara från första början.

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