The present study examined the relationship between work involvement and family involvement and work-family conflict in dual-career families. Four hundred thirty-six couples (436 females; 436 males; N = 872) in dual-career relationships were recruited from a bank organization in the Northwest United States. The survey questionnaire contained three sections to measure work and family involvement, work-family conflict, and sociodemographic information. Data analyses were conducted using multiple regression analysis and a 1 X 4 ANOV A to examine the proposed relationships among the study variables. Results demonstrated the following: across study participants, work involvement accounted for a significant amount of variance in work-family conflict; family involvement accounted for a significant amount of variance in work-family conflict; the number of dependents accounted for a significant amount of variance in work-family conflict; work-family conflict was significantly higher for females than for males; and couples who were symmetric in both work involvement and family involvement experienced lower levels of work-family conflict than couples who were asymmetric in both work involvement and family involvement. The test of the effects of one's spouse/partner's work involvement and one's spouse/partner's family involvement on the individual's work-family conflict was not significant. An examination of the moderating effects of the number of dependents and age of youngest (or only) child on the relationships between work involvement and family involvement and work-family conflict was not significant. Implications of the study and future research ideas are discussed.

Thesis (M.S.)--Air Force Institute of Technology, 2007. / AFIT/GLM/ENV/07-M4. Title from title page of PDF document (viewed on: Nov. 30, 2007). "March 2007." Includes bibliographical references (leaves 117-121).

Abstract Finance is the mother of a country. Public finance has a great influence on the whole country. Governmental finances are mainly from taxes. The Department of Finance, Taiwan Middle Area, the Bureau of National Tax was founded in September, 1992. Its controls area covers 6 counties and cities- Miao-li, Taichung county, Nan-tou, Chang-hua, Yun-lin, and Taichung city. Besides headquarters, there are 6 counties/cities branches and 13 tax bureaus. A total of 1,159 officials work here as tax collector. Because of too much work, officials are under great pressure. Their pressure includes: conflicts between taxing/ serving (role-playing) and conflicts of an official¡¦s job expectation/ family expectation/ personal career plan. Because of the above reasons, the rate of quitting job becomes higher each year. Therefore, this research was made on officials of the Department of Finance, Taiwan Middle Area, the Bureau of National Tax. Besides researching, we also compare the influence and the relationship with conflicts of role-playing/ job pressure/ quitting job. And from those data, we want to know that whether the conflict of role-playing is influenced by job pressure and quitting job or not. Concern with this survey, we sent 200 questionnaires and received 162 ones back. After analyzing by the statistical correlation, variance, regression, and level regression, we got the following results: 1. Conflicts of role-playing, job pressure and the trend of quitting job seem to correlate. Job pressure and the trend of quitting job have a close correlation. 2. About the conflict of role-playing (5 aspects): concern with the conflicts of job expectation/ family expectation and the conflict of personal expectation, women are higher than men. 3. About job pressure (3 aspects): Age and tiredness have no remarkable difference. About low self-esteem, tiredness, and depression, women are higher than men. 4. The trend of quitting job: women are higher than men. The position of non-supervisors is higher than the position of supervisors. 5. The conflicts of job expectation/ personal expectation and the conflicts of personal expectation vs. low self-esteem have positive influence. The conflicts of job expectation/ family expectation and the conflicts of personal expectation vs. tiredness have positive influence. The conflicts of job expectation/ family expectation, the conflicts of job expectation/ personal expectation, and the conflict of personal expectation vs. depression have positive influence. By contrast, the conflicts of family expectation/ personal expectation vs. depression have negative influence. 6. The conflicts of job expectation/ family expectation, the conflicts of job expectation/ personal expectation, and the conflict of personal expectation vs. the trend of quitting job have positive influence. 7. Tiredness, and depression of job pressure vs. the trend of quitting job have positive influence. 8. Because of tiredness, the conflicts of job expectation/ family expectation, the conflicts of job expectation/ personal expectation, and the conflict of personal expectation vs. the trend of quitting job have influence.

Thesis (Ed. D.)--West Virginia University, 2002. / Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains ix, 125 p. Vita. Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 91-103).

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The purpose of this study was to examine the relationships among (1) the perceived imposed role, (2)the desired role, (3)the perceived performance, and (4)the job satisfaction of the junior high/middle school principal. The major problem was to ascertain whether the perceived imposed role was compatible, or in conflict, with the desired role of the junior high/middle school principal; in addition, to ascertain whether any discrepancy had a significant relationship with the levels of perceived performance and job satisfaction of the junior high/middle school principal. For the purpose of this study, a questionnaire was piloted with selected junior high/middle school principals in Tucson, Arizona. It was then submitted to 115 junior high/middel school principals in Arizona. The questionnaire consisted of 14 components of the junior high/middle school principal's role. Each administrator was asked to respond to each component according to (1) how important that component was in his/her present role, (2)how important that component should be in his/her role, (3)the level of his/her performance on that component, and (4)his/her level of job satisfaction associated with that component. Sixty-five percent of the junior high/middle school principals in Arizona responded to the questionnaire. The findings of the study were: (1)There was no significant difference between the perceived imposed role and the desired role of the junior high/middle school principal; (2)there was no significant relationship between the lack of conflict found between the perceived imposed role and the desired role, and the level of performance as perceived by the junior high/middle school principal; (3)there was a significant negative relationship between the lack of conflict found between the perceived imposed role and the desired role, and the level of job satisfaction of the junior high/middle school principal; (4)there was a significant relationship between the perceived imposed role and the desired role of the junior high/middle school principal; (5)there was a significant relationship between the level of performance experienced by the junior high/middle school principal and the level of job satisfaction, (6)there were significant corelations between 12 of the components of the perceived imposed role and the corresponding components of the desired role of the junior high/middle school principal. The two components that showed no correlation were building school climate and selecting and orientating staff; (7)there were significant correlations between all of the components of perceived imposed role and the corresponding components of job satisfaction of the junior high/middle school principal. The findings imply that (1)the junior high/middle school principals in Arizona are performing their role as they desire; (2)perceptions of role conflict or compatibility do not have an effect on how a principal rates his/her performance; (3)as the discrepancy between the perceived imposed role and the desired role becomes larger, job satisfaction goes down, or as the job satisfaction goes down, the discrepancy gets larger; (4)a significant relationship exists between the perceived imposed role and the desired role of the junior high/middle school principal; and (5)a significant relationship exists between the level of perceived performance and the level of job satisfaction.

The purpose of this study was to determine the nature of role conflict experienced by married black woman educators by means of a review of literature and an empirical investigation. The empirical study was also aimed at determining role conflict factors experienced to a great extent and those experienced to a slight extent. Chapter 1 deals with the problem statement, aims of the research and the methods employed to achieve the purpose of the study. The second chapter highlights the nature of the woman's role. The description of the role was given. This chapter also provided a discussion of the legal framework on the role of a woman as indicated by the legislation of the Republic of South Africa, mostly guided by the Constitution, which remains the supreme law of the country. The discussion of the nature of women's role within the home was given. Discussions on a woman as a homemaker and a mother and the physical, spiritual, moral, social, and emotional welfare were given. The nature of women's roles outside the home was presented. In the third chapter the nature of role conflict was investigated. The description of role conflict was laid out. Attention was given to a discussion of both the intra-role conflict and inter-role conflict. Factors contributing to a woman educator experiencing intra-role conflict within her home and profession were discussed. Factors contributing towards inter-role conflict were also identified and discussed. The empirical research design, questionnaire as research tool and the construction of the questionnaire were discussed in chapter four. The duly completed questionnaires returned by the woman educators as respondents were empirically analysed and interpreted in this chapter. The last chapter, chapter five, gives a summary of all the chapters, the research findings and recommendations based on the research findings derived from the previous chapters as well as an ultimate statement. The research findings indicate that most of the respondents expect their husbands to support them physically and psychologically. It is found that in addition to lack of support from husbands, time constraints are another main contributing factor towards role conflict experienced by woman educators. Despite their hard work, they are unable to accomplish all that they need to. These two factors: lack of spouse support and time constraints, need to be given the necessary attention in future research. / Thesis (M.Ed.)--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2004.

The purpose of this research was to determine to what degree the married male educator experiences role conflict. The study was piloted by means of a literature study and thereafter an empirical investigation. The purpose of the literature study was to identify possible causes of role conflict and the empirical study was to determine the degree of role conflict experienced by the respondents. The problem statement and research objectives were formulated in Chapter 1. the objective of the study was formulated and the method of research was discussed. A study population was determined and the chapter is concluded with the chapter division. Chapter 2 concentrated on a few descriptions that are related to the concept "role". The nature of the role of the man was discussed from a judicial perspective. The chapter was concluded with the nature of the man's role in and outside the home. The nature of the role conflict was discussed in Chapter 3. Concepts such as inter role conflict and intra role conflict received attention. Possible factors that contribute to the experience of role conflict in the married male educator were identified from the literature. These factors that lead to experiencing role conflict are divided into three categories, namely in the family, at work, and in the family and at work. The purpose of Chapter 4 was to empirically determine whether the respondents really experience role conflict as a result of the discussed factors and to what degree role conflict is experienced. The research design, questionnaires as research instrument as well as the composition in the questionnaire was discussed in this chapter. The completed questionnaire was empirically analysed and certain interpretations were formulated from it. A summary of all the chapters was done in Chapter 5, findings were formulated and a few recommendations, based on the findings, were made. The findings indicated that role conflict is indeed experienced by the respondents and that the causes that lead to conflict originate in the family, society and the workplace. It was also found that practical meaningful differences exist between certain biographical data of the respondents and single factors that lead to experiencing role conflict. Minimal sing of these factors is a theme that can receive attention in future research. / Thesis (M.Ed.)--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2005.

The purpose of this study was to determine the nature of role conflict experienced by married black woman educators by means of a review of literature and an empirical investigation. The empirical study was also aimed at determining role conflict factors experienced to a great extent and those experienced to a slight extent. Chapter 1 deals with the problem statement, aims of the research and the methods employed to achieve the purpose of the study. The second chapter highlights the nature of the woman's role. The description of the role was given. This chapter also provided a discussion of the legal framework on the role of a woman as indicated by the legislation of the Republic of South Africa, mostly guided by the Constitution, which remains the supreme law of the country. The discussion of the nature of women's role within the home was given. Discussions on a woman as a homemaker and a mother and the physical, spiritual, moral, social, and emotional welfare were given. The nature of women's roles outside the home was presented. In the third chapter the nature of role conflict was investigated. The description of role conflict was laid out. Attention was given to a discussion of both the intra-role conflict and inter-role conflict. Factors contributing to a woman educator experiencing intra-role conflict within her home and profession were discussed. Factors contributing towards inter-role conflict were also identified and discussed. The empirical research design, questionnaire as research tool and the construction of the questionnaire were discussed in chapter four. The duly completed questionnaires returned by the woman educators as respondents were empirically analysed and interpreted in this chapter. The last chapter, chapter five, gives a summary of all the chapters, the research findings and recommendations based on the research findings derived from the previous chapters as well as an ultimate statement. The research findings indicate that most of the respondents expect their husbands to support them physically and psychologically. It is found that in addition to lack of support from husbands, time constraints are another main contributing factor towards role conflict experienced by woman educators. Despite their hard work, they are unable to accomplish all that they need to. These two factors: lack of spouse support and time constraints, need to be given the necessary attention in future research. / Thesis (M.Ed.)--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2004.

The purpose of this research was to determine to what degree the married male educator experiences role conflict. The study was piloted by means of a literature study and thereafter an empirical investigation. The purpose of the literature study was to identify possible causes of role conflict and the empirical study was to determine the degree of role conflict experienced by the respondents. The problem statement and research objectives were formulated in Chapter 1. the objective of the study was formulated and the method of research was discussed. A study population was determined and the chapter is concluded with the chapter division. Chapter 2 concentrated on a few descriptions that are related to the concept "role". The nature of the role of the man was discussed from a judicial perspective. The chapter was concluded with the nature of the man's role in and outside the home. The nature of the role conflict was discussed in Chapter 3. Concepts such as inter role conflict and intra role conflict received attention. Possible factors that contribute to the experience of role conflict in the married male educator were identified from the literature. These factors that lead to experiencing role conflict are divided into three categories, namely in the family, at work, and in the family and at work. The purpose of Chapter 4 was to empirically determine whether the respondents really experience role conflict as a result of the discussed factors and to what degree role conflict is experienced. The research design, questionnaires as research instrument as well as the composition in the questionnaire was discussed in this chapter. The completed questionnaire was empirically analysed and certain interpretations were formulated from it. A summary of all the chapters was done in Chapter 5, findings were formulated and a few recommendations, based on the findings, were made. The findings indicated that role conflict is indeed experienced by the respondents and that the causes that lead to conflict originate in the family, society and the workplace. It was also found that practical meaningful differences exist between certain biographical data of the respondents and single factors that lead to experiencing role conflict. Minimal sing of these factors is a theme that can receive attention in future research. / Thesis (M.Ed.)--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2005.