This thesis has developed a database solution for storage of interface data which are to different systems in a train, the interface data is used in the design of data communication between different systems in the vehicles. The database solution has focused on following problems: revision control of project related data, consistency of interface data between documentation and database, the possibility to roll back the database to an earlier revision, and the possibility to extract delta documents between two revisions in the database. For demonstration of the database solution, a user interface program has been created which communicates with the database. Revision control of the database has been solved by dividing the project related data into three sections: one approved, one modified, and one revised section. The approved section always contains the latest approved data and thereby the ability to read data even though it is subject for a revision at the moment. The modified section contains data that are currently being changed.  Obsolete data are stored in the revised section. To aviod inconsistency of interface data which are stored in both Word documents and in the database, the data is extracted from the database and inserted into tables in the Word documents. The Word documents contain bookmarks where the tables shall be inserted. Algorithms for rolling back the database to an earlier revision, and to extract delta documents were created. These algorithms are not implemented in the user interface program. As a result from this thesis, the interface data is revision controlled and no data is removed from the database during the change process; the data is moved between sections with different flags and revision numbers. Only if the database is rolled back to an earlier revision, data is removed. The functionality to transfer data from the database into tables in Word documents is verified. / Detta examensarbete har tagit fram en databaslösning för lagring av gränssnittsdata för olika systemenheter i ett tåg, gränssnittsdatat används i konstruktionen av kommunikation mellan olika system i fordonen. Databaslösningen har fokuserats på följande problem: revisionskontroll av projekt relaterat data, att gränssnittsdata överensstämmer mellan dokument och databasen, möjligheten att kunna gå tillbaks till en tidigare revision i databasen, samt möjligheten att kunna exportera delta dokument mellan två revisioner i databasen. För att demonstrera databaslösningen har ett användarprogram skapats som kommunicerar med databasen. Revisionskontroll i databasen har lösts genom att dela upp det projektrelaterade datat i tre sektioner: en godkänd, en modifierad samt en reviderad sektion. I den godkända sektionen finns alltid det senast godkända datat och möjligheten att läsa dessa data även om den är under ändring. I den modifierade sektonen finns data som är under pågående ändring. Data som har blivit ersatt återfinns i den reviderade sektionen. För att undvika inkonsekvens av gränssnittssdata som återfinns både i Word-dokument samt i databasen, extraheras datat från databasen till tabeller i Word-dokumenten. Word-dokumenten innehåller bokmärken där tabellerna sätts in. Algoritmer är framtagna för att kunna backa tillbaka till en tidigare revision i databasen samt kunna exportera delta dokument. Dessa algoritmer är inte implementerade i användarprogrammet. Detta examensarbete har resluterat i att gränssnittsdatat är revisionskontrollerat och inget data tas bort från databasen under en ändringsrutin, datat flyttas bara mellan olika sektioner med olika flaggor och revisionsnummer. Endast om man går tillbaks till en tidigare revision tas data bort ur databasen. Funktionaliteten att överföra gränssnittsdata från databasen till tabeller i Word-dokument är verifierad.

This study analyzed the malaria situation in 21 malaria endemic countries in the region of the Americas to assess progress towards achieving Roll Back Malaria objectives (RBM) and Millennium Development Goals (MDGs). The study analyzed data from the years 2000 and 2005, which also highlighted various interventions that were underway to improve the malaria situation in the region during this period. Data from the year 2000 were used as a baseline both for RBM objectives as well as for MDGs. Findings of the study indicated the region of the Americas has made progress toward reducing the burden of malaria as a public health burden and this itself is a reflection of progress towards achieving the two global targets. Outcomes of the study also revealed some programmatic strength that might help the region to embark on a more comprehensive, interdisciplinary malaria elimination strategy in the majority of the region’s countries.

Thesis (M.P.H.)--Georgia State University, 2007. / Title from file title page. Derek G. Shendell, committee chair; Michael P. Eriksen, Ike S. Okosun, committee members. Electronic text (84 p. : ill. (some col.), col. maps) : digital, PDF file. Description based on contents viewed May 20, 2008. Includes bibliographical references (p. 80-82).

This study investigated the implementation of the roll back malaria (RBM) programme at household and at health post levels and examined factors that negatively impact on malaria prevention and control activities. Quantitative, descriptive, analytic crosssectional research, guided by the conceptual framework of the Health Belief Model, was conducted. Structured interviews were conducted with 857 women (for the household survey in phase 1) and 53 health extension workers (HEWs) in phase 2 of the study, in nine malaria endemic districts of Sidama Zone, southern Ethiopia. Data were analysed using SPSS version 20. The study’s findings indicate that 53.3% (n=457) of the household respondents and 24.5% (n=13) of the HEWs had low levels of overall malaria-related knowledge. Household respondents aged 25-34 years, (p<0.01); regularly received malaria-related information, (p<0.001) and the less poor women (p<0.001) had good levels of knowledge. Of the households, 38.9% (n=333) reported poor RBM practices. Wealth, knowledge, perceived threat of malaria and perceived benefits of implementing malaria preventive measures were positively associated with good RBM practices. Indoor residual spraying (63.6%; 422 out of 664), consistent use of insecticide treated bed nets (51.6%; 368 out of 713), and environmental sanitation (38.6%; 331 out of 857) were the most commonly implemented malaria prevention strategies in the study area. Out of the 252 reported malaria cases, 53.6% (n=135) occurred among children under five years of age who also comprised 50.0% (n=16) of 32 reported malaria-related deaths. The RBM practices were poorly implemented in the study area despite malaria prevention and control efforts. Slow progress in behavioural changes among household members, lack of transportation services for referring malaria patients, lack of support given to HEWs and lack of feedback and supervision from higher level health care facilities were identified as potential challenges facing RBM implementation in the study area. Future efforts need to focus on effective behavioural changes based on intervention studies and regular monitoring of the RBM programme. The workloads of the HEWs should also be reconsidered and lay health educators should be used more effectively. Health posts should always have sufficient anti-malaria drugs and other resource such as rapid diagnostic kits. / Health Studies / D. Litt. et Phil. (Health Studies)

This study investigated the implementation of the roll back malaria (RBM) programme at household and at health post levels and examined factors that negatively impact on malaria prevention and control activities. Quantitative, descriptive, analytic crosssectional research, guided by the conceptual framework of the Health Belief Model, was conducted. Structured interviews were conducted with 857 women (for the household survey in phase 1) and 53 health extension workers (HEWs) in phase 2 of the study, in nine malaria endemic districts of Sidama Zone, southern Ethiopia. Data were analysed using SPSS version 20. The study’s findings indicate that 53.3% (n=457) of the household respondents and 24.5% (n=13) of the HEWs had low levels of overall malaria-related knowledge. Household respondents aged 25-34 years, (p<0.01); regularly received malaria-related information, (p<0.001) and the less poor women (p<0.001) had good levels of knowledge. Of the households, 38.9% (n=333) reported poor RBM practices. Wealth, knowledge, perceived threat of malaria and perceived benefits of implementing malaria preventive measures were positively associated with good RBM practices. Indoor residual spraying (63.6%; 422 out of 664), consistent use of insecticide treated bed nets (51.6%; 368 out of 713), and environmental sanitation (38.6%; 331 out of 857) were the most commonly implemented malaria prevention strategies in the study area. Out of the 252 reported malaria cases, 53.6% (n=135) occurred among children under five years of age who also comprised 50.0% (n=16) of 32 reported malaria-related deaths. The RBM practices were poorly implemented in the study area despite malaria prevention and control efforts. Slow progress in behavioural changes among household members, lack of transportation services for referring malaria patients, lack of support given to HEWs and lack of feedback and supervision from higher level health care facilities were identified as potential challenges facing RBM implementation in the study area. Future efforts need to focus on effective behavioural changes based on intervention studies and regular monitoring of the RBM programme. The workloads of the HEWs should also be reconsidered and lay health educators should be used more effectively. Health posts should always have sufficient anti-malaria drugs and other resource such as rapid diagnostic kits. / Health Studies / D. Litt. et Phil. (Health Studies)

Les zones de subduction présentent un intérêt majeur en termes de ressources minérales, notamment à cuivre et or. De nombreuses études se sont focalisées sur les mécanismes physico-chimiques de formation de ces minéralisations, mais très peu se sont intéressées aux processus géodynamiques qui contrôlent ces mécanismes. Dans cette étude, j’identifie les processus mantelliques et crustaux, liés à la dynamique tridimensionnelle (3D) de la subduction, qui favorisent la genèse de ces concentrations métalliques. La zone de subduction est-Méditerranéenne présente une évolution tectonique et magmatique complexe, avec de nombreuses données métallogéniques disponibles, ce qui en fait une zone d’étude privilégiée afin d’étudier ces interactions entre subduction et minéralisations. Ce travail a consisté à (1) réaliser un nouveau modèle de reconstructions cinématiques de la région, (2) caractériser la distribution spatiale et temporelle des occurrences magmatiques et minéralisées à partir de ce modèle, (3) mettre en évidence, via une étude de terrain, le contrôle structural de ces minéralisations et (4) apporter des contraintes physiques aux modèles conceptuels alors proposés, à l’aide d’une étude de modélisation numérique thermo-mécanique 3D. Deux provinces métallogéniques ont ainsi été mises en évidence : (1) au Crétacé supérieur, une province riche en cuivre qui s’est développée dans un environnement d’arc et (2) à l’Oligocène-Miocène, une province riche en plomb-zinc puis en or, qui s’est mise en place dans un contexte d’arrière-arc. Ces épisodes fertiles sont contrôlés par le retrait de la zone de subduction et les flux asthénosphériques associés qui permettent l’instauration d’un régime tectonique extensif (ou transtensif) dans la lithosphère, favorisant la genèse de ces systèmes minéralisés. Leur contenu métallique ainsi que leur typologie est alors fonction (1) de l’intensité avec laquelle ces processus influent sur la cinématique de subduction et (2) de l’histoire géodynamique antérieure de cette zone de subduction. / Subduction zones display a major economic interest, in terms of mineral resources, with mainly copper and gold deposits. While many studies focus on ore-forming physico-chemical mechanisms, the control of geodynamic processes on such deposits remains poorly investigated. In this study, I track tridimensional (3D) subduction-related mantle and crustal processes that promote ore genesis. The eastern Mediterranean subduction zone is a relevant study area to explore subduction-mineralization interactions, because of its complex tectonic and magmatic evolution and the large number of available metallogenic data. This work consisted in (1) performing a new kinematic reconstruction model of this region, (2) using this model, characterizing the spatial and temporal distribution of magmatic and ore occurrences, (3) evidencing, on the field, the relations between mineralization and large-scale tectonic structures and (4) providing physical constrains to proposed conceptual models, using 3D thermo-mechanical numerical modeling. Two main metallogenic provinces are evidenced: a late Cretaceous copper-rich and an Oligocene-Miocene lead-zinc- then gold-rich provinces emplaced in an arc and back-arc context, respectively. These metallogenic periods are controlled by the subduction zone retreat and associated asthenospheric flow that results in an extensional (or transtensional) tectonic regime in the overriding lithosphere, promoting ore genesis. Their metal content, as well as their typology then depend on (1) how much these processes affect the subduction kinematics and (2) the past geodynamic evolution of this subduction zone.

Le magmatisme Néogène italien est caractérisé par une grande variété pétrologique et géochimique, couvrant presque entièrement le spectre des roches magmatiques connues dans le monde entier. Le volcanisme récent, Quaternaire, comprenant des laves de composition<br />basiques et intermédiaires, est à la base de la majorité des modèles géodynamiques. Comparativement, le magmatisme acide, correspondant aux premières manifestations sur la marge Tyrrhénienne est beaucoup pour les édifices de la Province Toscane (San Vincenzo, Roccastrada et Amiata). Pour le volcan de Monte Amiata, de nouvelles données isotopiques Sr-Nd et Pb confirment qu'il est en terme de sources un hybride entre les Province Toscane et Romaine. Nous proposons grâce aux âges obtenus un nouveau scénario pour sa mise en place. L'analyse en composantes principales (ACP) des données isotopiques du Pb de toutes les manifestations acides étudiées dans cette thèse a permis d'identifier les deux composants source à l'origine de ces roches. Le composant le plus important est un pôle mantellique<br />correspondant à un mélange entre DM et HIMU, tandis que le second, dont le rôle est mineur comparé au premier, est un pôle enrichi de type crustal. Les roches acides les plus au Sud (Pontines) montrent une influence plus forte du composant DM+HIMU. Ainsi, même sur des<br />roches aussi différenciées et à plus petite échelle (l'Italie centrale), on retrouve la tendance générale propre à l'ensemble de la péninsule Italienne et de la Sicile, dérivée de l'étude isotopique des roches basiques, qui montre un mélange général entre DM et HIMU auquel s'ajoute un composant dérivé de la croûte. L'influence du pôle DM-HIMU est croissante du<br />Nord au Sud de l'Italie. Etendue à l'échelle de la marge Tyrrhénienne italienne, l'ACP permet d'identifier deux<br />domaines sources, délimités par une discontinuité lithosphérique majeure de l'Italie centrale, le 41ème Parallèle, dans lesquels les composants évoluent différemment. Les caractéristiques du domaine Nord pourraient être contrôlées par un processus de délamination de la lithosphère inférieure, celles du domaine Sud par un retrait rapide du slab, les deux<br />phénomènes provoquant une remontée asthénosphérique.

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