The role of a roof on any building is to separate the interior environment of the building from the exterior environment, thereby making it a crucial component of the building design. Metal roof edges are the first line of defense against wind-induced loads on the roof system; however, data on the nature of these loads acting on the roof edge system is scarce. Previous studies with field measurements of wind pressure acting on the roof edge reported that metal flashings experienced negative pressure. These findings suggest that current building codes in North America (i.e. NBCC and ASCE codes) do not accurately identify wind design loads acting on roof edge systems. The Roof Edge Systems and Technologies (REST) project is a consortium of academia, government and roof industries, which was created to develop testing protocols and design guidelines for roof edges. The work presented in this thesis contributes to the collection and analysis of wind loads acting on metal roof edges, which were installed on the Canada Post building in Vancouver, Canada. The thesis presents the findings and analysis of the measured wind-induced pressure acting on all surfaces of three different edge configurations, namely the Anchor Clip Configuration (ACC), Continuous Cleat Configuration (CCC) and Discontinuous Cleat Configuration (DCC). The analysis showed the presence of negative pressure acting on all three faces of the configurations, in which the type of configuration had minimum effect on the magnitude and nature of the wind-induced loads. Furthermore, the top face of the edge configurations was found to experience the highest suction, and the front face of the edge coping was subjected to a net outward suction force due to the combination of the suction experienced by the coping front face and the positive pressure acting on the cleat. Comparison of these results with current NBCC and ASCE building codes highlight a need to update these codes in order to adequately design metal roof edges against wind action.

Submitted by Fabio Sobreira Campos da Costa (fabio.sobreira@ufpe.br) on 2016-04-13T12:23:40Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) DISSERTAÇÃO CORRIGIDA E IMPRESSA.pdf: 8529514 bytes, checksum: 22404f929127279cf0e8547f5c3df094 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-13T12:23:40Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) DISSERTAÇÃO CORRIGIDA E IMPRESSA.pdf: 8529514 bytes, checksum: 22404f929127279cf0e8547f5c3df094 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-08-14 / CNPq / O elevado consumo de energia para climatização das edificações tem motivado a realização de muitos trabalhos de pesquisa na área de eficiência energética. Os telhados das construções, em particular, são responsáveis por uma grande parcela do consumo de energia para aquecimento ou refrigeração. Os telhados dos galpões industriais, por serem de grandes extensões, são os principais meios de absorção energética advinda da radiação solar durante os dias, em especial, os dias de verão. Este trabalho apresenta um modelo, desenvolvido em Matlab, que parte do balanço de energia para a superfície do telhado e resolução do mesmo por meio de equações consolidadas da literatura científica, considerando dados de radiação solar incidente e influências da longitude e latitude locais. Com isto, objetiva-se determinar o aquecimento sofrido por cada tipo de telhado analisado e o fluxo de calor que atravessa os mesmos, a fim de que se possa inferir qual telhado possui maior eficiência energética para cada região do país. Foram analisados 4 tipos de telhado, com e sem revestimento reflexivo e isolamento térmico. Constatou-se que tanto as aplicações do isolamento térmico quanto do revestimento reflexivo proporcionam redução do fluxo para o interior dos edifícios, ocasionando melhorias no desempenho térmico dos mesmos. / The high energy consumption for air conditioning of buildings has motivated the implementation of many research papers in the area of energy efficiency. The roofs of buildings, in particular, account for a large share of energy consumption for heating or cooling. The roofs of industrial buildings, because they are large areas, are the main means of energy absorption arising from solar radiation during the day, especially the summer days. This paper presents a model, developed in Matlab, that part of the energy balance for the roof surface and resolution through consolidated equations of scientific literature, considering data of solar radiation and influences the longitude and latitude locations. With this, the objective is to determine the heating suffered by each type of roof and analyzed the heat flow through them, so that one can infer what roof has greater energy efficiency for each region of the country. 4 roof types were analyzed with and without reflective coating and thermal insulation. It was found that both the thermal insulation applications as reflective coating provide the reduction in flow to the interior of buildings, resulting in improved thermal performance thereof.

A project report submitted to the Faculty of Engineering, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Engineering. / This dissertation has as it's objective to develop an expert system for the purpose of investigating the suitability of using expert systems in developing areas. It is the first time to our knowledge that an expert system has been tested for usage in such a context. The housing and more specifically roofing domain is investigated for an application topic resulting in "the selection of suitable roofing types" being chosen. Potential end-users are identified, an appropriate context of such a system is outlined and an expert system tool is selected, The knowledge engineering and building of the knowledge base are described. Feedback from the parties involved in testing and validating BUILDROOF is documented. In addition the suitability of using expert systems in the developing areas context in which BUILDROOF was developed, is discussed. Finally, recommendations regarding potentially suitable areas of application for expert systems in developing areas are outlined. / Andrew Chakane 2019

In recent years, green roofs have become an accepted solution in ecological urban design to mitigate the impacts of impervious surfaces (Berghage, Beattie, Jarrett, Thuring, & Razaei, 2009). An experimental research project was conducted at the Mississippi Agriculture and Forestry Experiment Station (MAFES) Green Infrastructure Research Area at South Farm of Mississippi State University to determine how medium depth and slope gradient on rooftops affect plant cover and survival. Plant cover was monitored monthly by photographing the experimental green roof platforms. Photoshop and AutoCAD software programs were employed to digitize and to calculate plant cover from the images. All recorded data was analyzed with Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) tests. It was determined that the effects of medium depth and slope are statistically significant on plant cover and survival.

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A well structured computer program has been developed to perform geometrically nonlinear finite element analysis of space trusses and to study the sensitivity of parallel lamella dome under wind and snow loads. The modified Riks/Wempner method is used to perform the prebuckling and postbuckling analysis. The European Convention for Constructional Steelwork (ECCS code) is used as the code of practice for design wind pressures on domes. Failures of domes have occurred during snow storms and have attributed to heavy local snow concentrations. Most codes of practice do not provide design wind and snow loads for domes, and a few international codes do show significant differences in the distributions of design wind pressure for domes. Moreover, current design practices for domes do not reflect the possibility of heavy local snow concentrations. Since wind load data is widely varied among the codes, and specific information on local snow concentrations is not available, the study of the behavior of a full-size lamella dome under different wind pressures and various snow distributions will be carried out with the finite element analysis, and critical load combinations will be obtained with the aid of stability boundary. The proposed study is expected to provide guidelines for the determination of critical wind and snow load conditions. / M.S.

This thesis on Low Impact Development (LID) Practices provides design guidelines and principles for three important LID practices: green roofs, rainwater harvesting and bioswales. The most important component of the thesis is the qualitative analysis of various case studies based on the LID objectives drawn from the literature review for each LID practice. Through the course of my research, I found that there was no one single source which provided information on the design guidelines accompanied by case examples which could help the designer with built examples where the LID practices have been executed. Therefore, developing this thesis document which provided all this information started as my masters thesis project. The document is designed to be used by people with a variety of expertise like landscape architects, landscape contractors, engineers and clients. The manual is organized into five chapters. The manual details the process of stormwater management and then gradually leads to the evolution of Low Impact Development Practices and detailing out three important LID practices: green roofs, rainwater harvesting, vegetated swales and briefly about infiltration systems. The LID principles outlined in this manual were developed over the last few years to address runoff issues associated with the new residential, commercial and industrial suburban developments. Information to develop this manual has been drawn from numerous sources like the Low Impact Design Strategies developed by the Prince George's County, Maryland, US EPA, Low Impact Development urban design tools and numerous other research papers. It is my hope that the manual will provide adequate information to its users by not only providing design guidelines but also provide built examples through the case studies. / Master of Landscape Architecture

"A significant work of architecture is never the product of a single individual. It is always a collaboration with history and tradition, with the silent wisdom of the discipline of architecture. An architect who understands the essence of his craft accepts his role as a builder of a tradition, and he places his work in the context of this continuum with combined humility and pride." Juhani Pallasmaa. / Master of Architecture

The objective of the Standing Seam Roof Systems Research Project at the Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University is to develop a design procedure for the strength of Z-purlin supported standing seam roof systems under gravity leading. Various approaches were taken to calculate the strength of systems with either torsional restraint, third point span restraint, or midspan restraint. Since few test results are available for single and three span continuous, two purlin line systems, the primary focus of this research is analytical. Even though the test setup used for these tests does not represent actual field conditions, the data obtained will be extremely useful in the development of analytical models to predict system strength. However, at least four multiple purlin line tests will be required to verify the accuracy of the design procedure. The analytical formulation will include the effects of sliding friction in the clips and "drape" restraint effects of the standing seam deck. / Master of Science