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The question of cultural continuity or the appearance of a new culture in the Levant in the period from the Late Bronze Age to Early Iron Age has been strongly debated in Near Eastern studies. Proponents of cultural change argue that a new type of building, the four-room house is a strong indicator of a new population moving in, despite compelling evidence that this type of house had precedents in earlier periods.<p> A more productive approach to the issue of cultural change or continuity lies in the examination of not only the physical structures, but also the use of space within them, since the organization of domestic activity is at a basic level culturally determined. This study proposes a method for such examination, through the creation of a typology of rooms and the analysis of the distribution of artefacts and installations within different types of space to determine probable activities within a sample of houses from the Late Bronze and Early Iron Ages. By comparing and contrasting uses of space in Late Bronze and Early Iron Age domestic structures, one should be able to add to the lines of evidence for determining whether or not there was cultural continuity in the transitional period from the Late Bronze Age to the Early Iron Age. The outcomes of this study pointed to cultural continuity.

This is a paper about the social services waiting rooms. Our aim with the study has been to: ”Describe and problematize the physical environment in social services waiting rooms. A wider purpose is to lift the question about the waiting room as a significant part of peoples encounter with the social services.”  To be able to achieve this purpose, we have used two questions: What does the physical waiting room environment look like in social services in Stockholms län? How can we understand and problematize the physical environment factors impact on people who visits these environments?  We have observed and photographed ten waiting rooms in ten different social services in Stockholms län. In the paper we describe what the environments look like, with text and whit pictures. Then we have analysed the results from four different theoretical perspectives. These four perspectives are: nursing theory, environmental psychology, power theory and theories about material. Our conclusions is that the environment in the different waiting rooms shift a lot, but the thing the most of them have in common is that there doesn’t seem to be a lot of thought behind the design and configuration of the waiting room. Half of them don’t have windows and the environment is generally stripped. All of the waiting rooms have receptions covered all up with glass, with slots that the receptionist opens when someone comes up to the reception. Most of the waiting rooms also have walls and doors of glass facing the corridors where the visit rooms and the social workers offices are located. These are covered so that you cannot see in to the corridors. There is also a lack of a children’s perspective in the environments. We mean that the poorly designed waiting rooms, with all the security built in to them, create and maintain the unequal relations between the social worker and the client, where the client is constructed as the ’the other’ and the dangerous.

Appropriate utilization of the operating room (ORs) requires a balance of many conflicting resources. This cannot be done without an understanding of the role of the OR in the finances of the institution, the missions of the institution, the actual data concerning utilization and costs. Economics of the OR environment have changed dramatically in the past 10 years. For example, technological advances have led to the introduction and advancement of minimally invasive surgical procedures, which are purported to decrease morbidity, reduce hospital length of stay, and improve outcome. However, many of these procedures actually increase OR cost, time and supplies. The increased costs of minimally invasive surgery would not have been a problem in the past, due to the additional costs would have been easily adsorbed because of the large profit margin associated with surgical procedure. Under the implementation of the NHI, the DRG, capitated payment, and global budget, it is not surprising that this area is earmarked by many hospitals as a place to reduce expenses. Therefore, all of us working in the OR must be cost efficient and maximize productivity for long-term success. Accurate estimation of operating times is a prerequisite for the efficient scheduling of the operating suite. In this study, authors sought to compare surgeons¡¦ time estimates for elective cases and to ascertain whether improvements could be made by statistical modeling. The study was conducted in the GYN department at the VGHKS from 2000, Jan. to 2003, June. Author calculates operation time distribution (lognormal) and variance, and operation time finishing probability, costs, and comparing operating time difference between surgeons.

The Subject chosen for this thesis is the interior of a room and its myriad aspects. When experienced subjectively it can appear as an outer protection or barrier for inner turmoil, providing security, shelter and privacy, or the direct opposite, four walls unnaturally imprisoning that which should be free. Objectively it provides a startling array of forms shapes and textures, both functional and nonfunctional, rigid and organic. The visual tensions influence and condition the actions and thoughts of the human figure within this environment. A room contains within its four walls residue of human thoughts, actions and emotions, a visual catalyst of memories and associations ; past and present. A room is in a constant state of evolution expressing itself in movements from light and dark - a place where time and space can be measurable. I have tried using a variety of means: signs and symbols, dots, dashes, line and tone to capture at once the stationary together with the transitory nature of observed appearances. I have dwelt on and emphasised those ambiguities which have arisen out of the process of creating an image and may reveal something of another reality.... of those submerged realities behind appearances and beyond normal consciousness. The language of an artist is able to cast a glimmer of light on those essential truths.....truths which normally elude civilised man. This thesis provides for sensory and visual appreciation rather than intellectual gratification (thus the emphasis on visual rather than written work). It comprises of a series of drawings, covering some aspects of one particular interior .... in this instance, my livingroom - an immediate environment. The drawings are essentially a visual record of sensory thinking, emotional and free-form imaginative interpretation of commonplace objects. The drawings follow a sequence, both chronologically and in thought development towards painting in which the experience gained of the room, crystallises in paint, size and colour adding dimension. The drawings should perform a dual role, one of providing a direct link with unconscious creative processes, and one of showing a developing awareness of the vital forces and movements that motivate a painting and validate the act of creating it. A variety of techniques have been used, each in its turn revealing some significant facet of the interior. Mixed media drawings predominate, for this media with its own unique properties, is capable of providing a bridge ..... an interlocking of concept and technique where image and media are inseparable.

Thesis (M.H.A.)--University of Michigan, 1974.

Thesis (M. Ed.)--York University, 2003. Graduate Programme in Education. / Typescript. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 109-112). Also available on the Internet. MODE OF ACCESS via web browser by entering the following URL: http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/yorku/fullcit?pMQ82927.

Thesis (M.H.A.)--University of Michigan, 1974.

Thesis (Ed. D.)--Texas Tech University, 1976. / Bibliography: leaves 88-93.

Thesis (Ed. D.)--Texas Tech University, 1976. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 88-93).