Revised; Original Published: 2004 / 2 pp. / Small grains are planted for a variety of reasons, but their rotational benefit makes them a popular crop all over the world and influences the way they are planted. One of the major benefits of small grains as rotational crops is that they cover the soil and suppress weeds. Thus, small grains are most commonly solid seeded with a grain drill.

Row patterns affected irrigated corn productivity when grown in the Mid-South region of the United States. Narrow (76 cm) row spacing increased grain yield 8% when compared to traditional wide (96-102 cm) row spacing. Twin rows (20-25 cm spacing) in a wide (96-102 cm) row pattern, produced similar grain yield as a traditional wide single row. At a normal plant density of 79,040 ha-1, traditional wide rows yielded 10.51 Mg ha-1, twin wide rows yielded 10.34 Mg ha-1, and the narrow rows yielded 11.33 Mg ha-1. Growing corn at various plant densities did not affect corn grain yield response to various row patterns. As a comparison the traditional wide rows and twin rows were similar in their yield, and the narrow rows performed better. Corn grain yields for the traditional 96-102 cm wide single rows were 11.20 Mg ha-1, wide 96-102 cm twin rows yielded 11.22 Mg ha-1, and narrow 76 cm rows produced 12.07 Mg ha-1. Row pattern had no effect on corn plant height, photosynthetically active radiation (PAR), leaf area index (LAI), SPAD, stalk diameter, and plant lodging in either study.

Orientador: Ricardo Antonio Ferreira Rodrigues / Banca: Orivaldo Arf / Banca: Aguinaldo Jose Freitas Leal / Resumo: A redução no espaçamento entre linhas e a adoção de maiores densidades de plantas de milho, tem sido alvo de estudo por muitos pesquisadores, tendo em vista que os novos genótipos introduzidos no mercado são mais produtivos, com arquitetura de plantas de porte mais baixo e folhas eretas, apresentando melhor aproveitamento dos fatores ambientais como luz, água e nutrientes, proporcionando um possível aumento de rendimento da cultura. O trabalho foi desenvolvido no município de Selvíria - MS, em Latossolo Vermelho Distrófico álico, textura argilosa. O delineamento experimental foi em blocos casualizados, com quatro repetições, em esquema fatorial (5x2x2), sendo cinco populações (40.000; 55.000; 70.000; 85.000 e 100.000 plantas ha-1) e dois espaçamentos entre linhas (45 e 90 cm) e dois preparo de solo (sistema plantio direto e convencional), sendo utilizado milho híbrido. Não houve efeito significativo para a maioria das características agronômicas avaliadas em relação ao espaçamento de 45 e 90 cm entre linha. Houve diferença no Índice de área em função do sistema de preparo e espaçamento entre linhas em ambos os estádios (V-6 e V-T). Em relação ao rendimento de grãos, não foi verificado diferença significativa pelo fator espaçamento entre linhas de 45 e 90 cm. Contudo, houve efeito de regressão para o incremento da população, havendo maior rendimento na população de 100.000 plantas ha-1, com produtividade 10.410 kg ha-1 / Abstract:The reduction in row spacing and the adoption of the highest densities of plants has been the subject of study by many researchers, given that the new genotypes introduced to the market are more productive, with architecture of plants and lower-sized upright leaves, with greater use environmental factors of light, water and nutrients, justifying a possible increase in crop yield. The study was conducted in of Selvíria-MS Brazil, in alic Dystrophic Red Latosol, clay texture. The experimental design was randomized blocks with four replications in a factorial scheme (5x2x2), with five populations (40,000, 55,000, 70,000, 85,000 and 100,000 plants ha-1) and two row spacings (45 and 90 cm) and two soil preparation (tillage and conventional), by using the hybrid corn. No significant effects for most traits evaluated in relation to the spacing of 45 and 90 cm between rows. There were differences in leaf area index in these characters analyzed in tillage and spacing in both stages (V-6and V-T). In relation to grain yield, there were no significant differences by a factor score of 45 and 90 cm between rows. However, there was regression effect to increase the population, with higher income in the population of 100.000 plants ha-1 with production of 10.410 kg ha-1 / Mestre

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:29:43Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2012-02-23Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:39:04Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 ferreira_jp_me_ilha.pdf: 708856 bytes, checksum: 2cdf06bc163372312c3583d2575778f7 (MD5) / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) / A redução no espaçamento entre linhas e a adoção de maiores densidades de plantas de milho, tem sido alvo de estudo por muitos pesquisadores, tendo em vista que os novos genótipos introduzidos no mercado são mais produtivos, com arquitetura de plantas de porte mais baixo e folhas eretas, apresentando melhor aproveitamento dos fatores ambientais como luz, água e nutrientes, proporcionando um possível aumento de rendimento da cultura. O trabalho foi desenvolvido no município de Selvíria – MS, em Latossolo Vermelho Distrófico álico, textura argilosa. O delineamento experimental foi em blocos casualizados, com quatro repetições, em esquema fatorial (5x2x2), sendo cinco populações (40.000; 55.000; 70.000; 85.000 e 100.000 plantas ha-1) e dois espaçamentos entre linhas (45 e 90 cm) e dois preparo de solo (sistema plantio direto e convencional), sendo utilizado milho híbrido. Não houve efeito significativo para a maioria das características agronômicas avaliadas em relação ao espaçamento de 45 e 90 cm entre linha. Houve diferença no Índice de área em função do sistema de preparo e espaçamento entre linhas em ambos os estádios (V-6 e V-T). Em relação ao rendimento de grãos, não foi verificado diferença significativa pelo fator espaçamento entre linhas de 45 e 90 cm. Contudo, houve efeito de regressão para o incremento da população, havendo maior rendimento na população de 100.000 plantas ha-1, com produtividade 10.410 kg ha-1 / The reduction in row spacing and the adoption of the highest densities of plants has been the subject of study by many researchers, given that the new genotypes introduced to the market are more productive, with architecture of plants and lower-sized upright leaves, with greater use environmental factors of light, water and nutrients, justifying a possible increase in crop yield. The study was conducted in of Selvíria-MS Brazil, in alic Dystrophic Red Latosol, clay texture. The experimental design was randomized blocks with four replications in a factorial scheme (5x2x2), with five populations (40,000, 55,000, 70,000, 85,000 and 100,000 plants ha-1) and two row spacings (45 and 90 cm) and two soil preparation (tillage and conventional), by using the hybrid corn. No significant effects for most traits evaluated in relation to the spacing of 45 and 90 cm between rows. There were differences in leaf area index in these characters analyzed in tillage and spacing in both stages (V-6and V-T). In relation to grain yield, there were no significant differences by a factor score of 45 and 90 cm between rows. However, there was regression effect to increase the population, with higher income in the population of 100.000 plants ha-1 with production of 10.410 kg ha-1

The aim of my thesis was to compare the yields of silage maize (Zea mays L.) at different width lines at fertilization under the heel and at different calibration individuals per ha. For this comparison, I founded two attempts. The first trial, which concerned a drill spacing and fertilization under the heel, I founded the company in ZKS AGRO Zahořany. When you first try, I used four experimental plots, each plot'm sends corn in four ways. Every site I sent to different widths and lines on the 37.5 cm, 45 cm and 75 cm, and the fourth land, I also sent to 75 cm but no fertilizer under the heel. Then I watched all the land, and eventually I compared all the land maize yield in green stuff. For the three parcels I compared the yield depending on the width of rows and rows for seeding with a width of 75 cm, we compared the yield depending on the fertilizer under the heel. The second attempt, which concerned the size of the seed rate, I founded the company in ZOD Mrákov. In this experiment, I sewed maize on one plot. On this land, I imposed a 6 plots. On these plots, I used 3 sizes calibration and 85000, 95000 and 105000 individuals / ha. I also 3 plots, these calibrating, sent to the line width of 37.5 cm, and the remaining three plots on the line width of 75 cm. These plots I watched the whole vegetation period and finally I compared the yields from each plot of land in the green stuff.

Orientador: Enes Furlani Junior / Banca: Marcelo Andreotti / Banca: Samuel Ferrari / Resumo: O presente trabalho consta da instalação de um ensaio de campo em algodoeiro com modos de aplicação de regulador de crescimento duas formas distintas: Parcelamento Simples ( aplicações parceladas aos 50 d.a.e e 70 d.a.e com 500 mL de produto comercial por aplicação) em Superparcelamento aos 20; 30; 40; 50; 60 e 70 d.a.e. Aplicando-se 50, 100, 125, 175, 225 e 325 mL. ha-1 do produto comercial, estudo de espaçamentos entre linhas (0,38; 0,45; 0,76 e 0,90 m) e densidades populacionais (6; 8; 10 e 13 pantas/m). O delineamento estatístico realizado foi o de blocos ao acaso, no esquema fatorial 4x4x2, com três repetições, sendo o cultivar utilizado o FMT 701 em um Latossolo Vermelho Distrófico Típico na Fazenda de Ensino e Pesquisa pertencente à Faculdade de Engenharia, UNESP, Campus de Ilha Solteira, localizada no município de Selvíria -MS. O objetivo do presente trabalho foi avaliar a influencia do superparcelamento da aplicação de regulador de crescimento em algodoeiro diferentes configurações de semeadura nas características agronômicas e produtividade da planta em dois anos agricolas. Foram realizadas avaliações periódicas do desenvolvimento vegetativo do algodoeiro (altura, comprimento do quinto, sétimo, nono e décimo primeiro ramo reprodutivo, número de nós do caule, diâmetro do caule, número de botões florais do quinto, sétimo, nono e décimo primeiro ramo reprodutivo e número médio de ramos reprodutivos e produtividade do algodoeiro.), análises do desenvolvimento reprodutivo do algodoeiro (massa de 20 capulhos, numero de botões florais no 5 7 9 e 11 ramo e produtividade), fisiologia do algodoeiro (leitura SPAD e avaliação da intensidade luminosa). O manejo do regulador de crescimento isoladamente não influenciou nas características agronômicas das plantas de algodoeiro bem como em sua... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: The present experiment consists in a field experiment with application of growth regulator (80, 120, 200, 280 and 300 mL.ha-1) in SuperDivision System on cotton (applications at 20, 30, 40, 50 , 60 and 70 d.a.e), study of row spacing (0.38, 0.45, 0.76 and 0.90 m) and population densities (6, 8, 10:13 plants/m). The statistical design was randomized block factorial 4x4x2 with three replications witch was used to cultivate FMT 701 in an Oxisol Typical at the Teaching and Research Farm - Faculty of Engineering, UNESP, Ilha unmarried, located in Selvíria-MS. The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of the SuperDivision cotton regulator on the agronomic characteristics and productivity of the plant on two different agricola years. Were conducted periodic assessments of vegetative development of cotton (height, length of the fifth, seventh, ninth and eleventh branch reproductive number of nodes of the stem, stem diameter and average number of reproductive branches and yield), analyzes of reproductive development of cotton (mass of 20 bolls, number of flower buds in 5 7 9:11 branch and productivity), physiology of cotton (SPAD reading and evaluation of the light intensity). The management of the growth regulator alone had no effect on the agronomic characteristics of cotton plants as well as their productivity. The spacing provides a reduction of the height medias cotton, although not reflected in the productivity of cotton. / Mestre

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:29:42Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2013-02-28Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:59:35Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 luques_appg_me_ilha.pdf: 426335 bytes, checksum: a1db1b7338c638992a4b686b9e749694 (MD5) / O presente trabalho consta da instalação de um ensaio de campo em algodoeiro com modos de aplicação de regulador de crescimento duas formas distintas: Parcelamento Simples ( aplicações parceladas aos 50 d.a.e e 70 d.a.e com 500 mL de produto comercial por aplicação) em Superparcelamento aos 20; 30; 40; 50; 60 e 70 d.a.e. Aplicando-se 50, 100, 125, 175, 225 e 325 mL. ha-1 do produto comercial, estudo de espaçamentos entre linhas (0,38; 0,45; 0,76 e 0,90 m) e densidades populacionais (6; 8; 10 e 13 pantas/m). O delineamento estatístico realizado foi o de blocos ao acaso, no esquema fatorial 4x4x2, com três repetições, sendo o cultivar utilizado o FMT 701 em um Latossolo Vermelho Distrófico Típico na Fazenda de Ensino e Pesquisa pertencente à Faculdade de Engenharia, UNESP, Campus de Ilha Solteira, localizada no município de Selvíria –MS. O objetivo do presente trabalho foi avaliar a influencia do superparcelamento da aplicação de regulador de crescimento em algodoeiro diferentes configurações de semeadura nas características agronômicas e produtividade da planta em dois anos agricolas. Foram realizadas avaliações periódicas do desenvolvimento vegetativo do algodoeiro (altura, comprimento do quinto, sétimo, nono e décimo primeiro ramo reprodutivo, número de nós do caule, diâmetro do caule, número de botões florais do quinto, sétimo, nono e décimo primeiro ramo reprodutivo e número médio de ramos reprodutivos e produtividade do algodoeiro.), análises do desenvolvimento reprodutivo do algodoeiro (massa de 20 capulhos, numero de botões florais no 5 7 9 e 11 ramo e produtividade), fisiologia do algodoeiro (leitura SPAD e avaliação da intensidade luminosa). O manejo do regulador de crescimento isoladamente não influenciou nas características agronômicas das plantas de algodoeiro bem como em sua... / The present experiment consists in a field experiment with application of growth regulator (80, 120, 200, 280 and 300 mL.ha-1) in SuperDivision System on cotton (applications at 20, 30, 40, 50 , 60 and 70 d.a.e), study of row spacing (0.38, 0.45, 0.76 and 0.90 m) and population densities (6, 8, 10:13 plants/m). The statistical design was randomized block factorial 4x4x2 with three replications witch was used to cultivate FMT 701 in an Oxisol Typical at the Teaching and Research Farm - Faculty of Engineering, UNESP, Ilha unmarried, located in Selvíria-MS. The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of the SuperDivision cotton regulator on the agronomic characteristics and productivity of the plant on two different agricola years. Were conducted periodic assessments of vegetative development of cotton (height, length of the fifth, seventh, ninth and eleventh branch reproductive number of nodes of the stem, stem diameter and average number of reproductive branches and yield), analyzes of reproductive development of cotton (mass of 20 bolls, number of flower buds in 5 7 9:11 branch and productivity), physiology of cotton (SPAD reading and evaluation of the light intensity). The management of the growth regulator alone had no effect on the agronomic characteristics of cotton plants as well as their productivity. The spacing provides a reduction of the height medias cotton, although not reflected in the productivity of cotton.

Submitted by Marlene Santos (marlene.bc.ufg@gmail.com) on 2016-07-29T20:31:45Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Tiago Camilo Duarte - 2016.pdf: 1799186 bytes, checksum: 59814a5871558965ce2ab372718e6536 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2016-08-01T13:55:17Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Tiago Camilo Duarte - 2016.pdf: 1799186 bytes, checksum: 59814a5871558965ce2ab372718e6536 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-01T13:55:17Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Tiago Camilo Duarte - 2016.pdf: 1799186 bytes, checksum: 59814a5871558965ce2ab372718e6536 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-02-29 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / The soybeans have been broadly cultivated in Brazil and the world due to it`s food and economic importance, that boost many agroindustrial complexes. The objective of this study was evaluate the effect of spatial arrangements, simple and twin rows, associated with different fertilizing levels on the development and yield at Anta 82 RR soybean cultivar. The experiment was carried in Universidade Federal de Goiás, Regional Jataí, with 10 treatments established in a split plot randomized block design, with four replications. Each plot corresponded to one fertilizing level with P and K (0, 50, 100, 200 and 400% of recommended dose) and the sub plots were two spatial arrangements: simple (0,45 m) and twin rows ( 0,25 x 0,65 m). The recommended rate of P and K was 80 kg ha-1 of P2O5 and 80 kg ha-1 of K2O. During the development period of the culture were determined the initial population, Falker chlorophyll index, dry mass, leaf area index, cover factor and nutritional content of the index leaves. When the soybean plants was in growth stage R8 were done the following evaluations: final plant population, plant and first pod insertion height, number of pods and grains per plant, number of grains per pod, mass of thousand grains and yield. The soybean cultivar Anta 82 RR demonstrated small answer for morphological components, with the use alternative spatial arrangements. The increase of fertilizing level, even with rates 2 and 4 times higher than the recommended, allowed soybean response in grain yield for the two studied arrangements. The simple arrangement provides higher grain yield, independently of fertilizing level. / A soja tem sido amplamente cultivada no Brasil e no mundo por sua importância alimentar e econômica, que impulsiona diversos complexos agroindustriais. O objetivo desse trabalho foi avaliar o efeito de arranjos espaciais, simples e fileira dupla, associados a níveis de adubação sobre o desenvolvimento e produtividade da cultivar de soja Anta 82 RR, levando em conta parâmetros produtivos e ecofisiológicos. O experimento foi conduzido na Universidade Federal de Goiás, Regional Jataí, com o delineamento experimental constituído de 10 tratamentos estabelecidos em blocos casualizados, com parcelas subdivididas, em quatro repetições. Cada parcela correspondeu a um nível de adubação com P e K (0, 50, 100, 200 e 400% da dose recomendada) e as subparcelas a dois tipos de arranjos espaciais: simples (0,45 m) e fileira dupla (0,25 x 0,65 m). A dose recomendada de P e K foi 80 kg ha-1 de P2O5 e 80 kg ha-1 de K2O. Durante o período de desenvolvimento da cultura determinou-se a população inicial de plantas, o índice de clorofila Falker, a massa de planta seca, o índice de área foliar, o fator de cobertura e os teores nutricionais das folhas índice. Quando as plantas de soja encontravam-se no estádio R8 foram realizadas as seguintes avaliações: população final de plantas, altura de planta e inserção da primeira vagem, número de vagens e de grãos por planta, número de grãos por vagem, peso de mil grãos e produtividade. A cultivar de soja Anta 82 RR demonstrou pequena resposta para os componentes morfológicos, com o uso de arranjo espacial alternativo. O aumento no nível de adubação, mesmo com doses 2 e 4 vezes maiores que o recomendado, possibilita resposta da soja em produtividade de grãos para os dois arranjos estudados. O arranjo simples proporciona maior produtividade de grãos, independentemente do nível de adubação

Thesis (M.Sc. Agriculture (Pasture Science)) -- University of Limpopo, 2021 / Finger millet (Eleusine coracana) is believed to be adapted to the arid and semi-arid regions, highly tolerant to pests, diseases and drought. It has the potential to produce a high forage biomass with fewer inputs under good production practices. The aim of the study was to evaluate the potential of finger millet as a fodder crop on the Pietersburg Plateau under rainfed and irrigation conditions, planted in rows and broadcast. The study was conducted for two consecutive seasons (2017 and 2018) at the Syferkuil Experimental Farm (SEF), University of Limpopo. Treatments consisted of two watering treatments (irrigation and rainfed) and two planting methods (broadcast and row planting). Seeding rate was 10 kg ha-1 with the inter row spacing of 25 cm. Irrigation had a significant effect on the dry matter production of finger millet (P ≤ 0.05). During 2017 growing season, under rainfed condition, the crop experienced zero production due to low rainfall. The total dry matter production of finger millet under rainfed conditions in 2018 was 3371 kg ha-1 for row planting and 3770 kg ha-1 for broadcasting. The dry matter production of finger millet under irrigation and row planting was 5318 kg ha-1 compared to 3371 kg ha-1 produced under row planting in the rainfed conditions. Broadcasting under irrigation produced 4890 kg ha-1 whereas broadcasting under rainfed conditions yielded 3770 kg ha-1. Planting method had no significant effect on the dry matter production of finger millet (P ≤ 0.05). The total dry matter production in 2017 was 5668 kg ha-1 and 5122 kg ha 1 under row planting and broadcast respectively, 2018 season produced the total dry matter production of 5122 kg ha-1 under row planting and 4892 kg ha-1 under broadcast. Finger millet planted under rainfed in rows had the CP% of 14.76 and 16.87% when broadcasted. In all the treatments CP% was higher than 10%. The ADF% was 33.02% under rainfed conditions and it ranged between 30.99% and 31.53% in 2017 and 2018 for row planting under irrigation. Finger millet can be considered an alternative fodder crop for livestock farmers in the Pietersburg Plateau

Derivative synonyms of the names of places Summary Master‘s work object: derivative synonyms of the names of places, their rows formed from derivatives from the Dictionary of Modern Lithuanian published in 2000. Derivative synonyms of the names of places are the kind of synonyms which have the same root, different derivational affixes and very similar or identical lexical meaning (524 derivatives, 220 rows). The place is named according its things, qualities or actions. The theme is relevant because derivative synonyms had not been explored in Lithuania so far. In this work theoretical aspects of derivative synonyms are discussed on the basis of concreat material – derivative synonyms of the names of places: concept of derivative synonyms, the relation of variants of derivative synonyms and words, derivative synonyms and style. Also synonymical derivatives of the names of places are analysed (ways of derivation, means and various combinations, synonymical derivatives of different suffixes, inflections, prefixes and compound words). The main purpose of this work is to show that there are semantically and stylistically similar or identical derivative synonyms in the category of derivation of the names of places. Objectives: to show the difference between derivative synonyms of the names of places and variants of the names of places; to discuss derivative synonyms of the names of places in point of polysemy; to show stylistic variety of derivative synonyms; to show variety and... [to full text]