This thesis focuses on the commercialization of Chinese medicine in the post-Mao era, from 1977 to 2014. It looks at its social and environmental impact on local rural areas.

A class of migrant workers in China that have left their official rural residence in search of work and wealth in the more developed coastal cities have created a new process of urbanization. The ‘floating population’ numbering 150 million has created immense demand for low-cost housing. Village enterprises within the city region of expanding metropolises have self-organized to supply affordable housing. However, economic incentives and ownership constraints on rural land deter long-term considerations and favour rapid development. The building (and destruction) of a country cannot be recklessly left to coincidental solutions of profit opportunities in remnant policies. An understanding of the systemic political, economic and social properties that generate the built fabric of today and of traditional villages can allow us to manipulate the current process of development. The village of Zhangpeng in Dongguan city of the Pearl River Delta region is on the brink of explosive growth. Major infrastructural developments have been constructed and planned on its expropriated lands. Without proper guidance, the status quo process of urbanization will destroy the village overnight. The proposed alternative is to manipulate market-demand through village-led investment in its public space network in order to spur private development of village properties. The method is through strategic and incremental investment on village public space and property and monitoring the catalytic effect of these changes on private redevelopment. Adjustments in land development is made to steer the built fabric into a form between what the village wants it to become and what it has the propensity to be. The aim is to create a system of land development that will preserve, adapt and extend traditional village fabric and its way of life.

China’s rapid urbanization and mass migration over the past several decades has resulted in approximately 69 million children being left-behind in the countryside. Many of these children suffer from problems linked to a lack of parental care and emotional support, including physical and psychological abuse, neglect, truancy, and even malnutrition. In 2010, the Chinese Ministry of Civil Affairs and UNICEF piloted a “child welfare director (CWD)” model in Chinese 120 hinterland villages aimed at empowering community members to fill the gaps in child welfare provision and to improve the well-being of disadvantaged children in rural areas. Since 2019 the Chinese government has strived to implement the CWD system across the country. Informed by a theoretical framework that encompasses the concepts of child development, family support, and child welfare models in China and Japan, this study investigates the implementation and further development of the CWD system. A comparative analysis of the Japanese commissioned welfare volunteer and chief child welfare volunteer system is also utilized to explore possible lessons for the Chinese circumstances. The research findings highlight the crucial coordination function of the CWD system in incorporating families, schools, government bureaus, and various social sectors into a synergetic network to connect fragmented child welfare resources and services to support disadvantaged children and families. Analysis of the Japanese approach sheds light on the further development of the CWD system in terms of consolidating the partnership between CWDs and schools, promoting the cooperation between CWDs and social welfare institutions, as well as strengthening the professionalism of CWDs. This research also examines the involvement of civil society in child welfare provision in contemporary China. For program planners and policymakers, this thesis emphasizes the central role of governments at various levels, along with the important though limited contributions of non-government sectors, in providing more financial, human, and training resources to support the implementation of the CWD system to enhance child welfare provision in rural China. A key recommendation arising from this research is to establish a new specially designated government department with responsibility for all relevant child welfare issues. The thesis also speaks to the wider issue of promoting rural revitalization and rural-urban integration to address the specific challenges of left-behind children in the Chinese countryside. / Graduate

published_or_final_version / Urban Planning / Master / Master of Science in Urban Planning

published_or_final_version / Public Administration / Master / Master of Public Administration

published_or_final_version / Environmental Management / Master / Master of Science in Environmental Management

published_or_final_version / Real Estate and Construction / Master / Master of Science in Real Estate and Construction Development

published_or_final_version / Urban Planning / Master / Master of Science in Urban Planning

published_or_final_version / Urban Planning / Master / Master of Science in Urban Planning

據稿本複印 / 論文(哲學碩士)--香港中文大學硏究所敎育學部,1993. / 參考文獻: leaves 155-167 / 李紫霞. / Chapter 第一章： --- 問題闡釋 / Chapter 第一節： --- 普及義務教育的興起、發展與職業技術教育 --- p.1 / Chapter 第二節： --- 農村教育課程的論爭 --- p.6 / Chapter 第三節： --- 中國普及義務教育與中國農村職業教育發展 --- p.11 / Chapter 第四節： --- 中國鄉鎮發展 --- p.15 / Chapter 第五節： --- 主要研究問題 --- p.21 / Chapter 第二章： --- 文獻綜論 --- p.23 / Chapter 第三章： --- 研究設計 / Chapter 第一節： --- 研究目的 --- p.31 / Chapter 第二節： --- 研究範圍 --- p.32 / Chapter 第三節： --- 研究方法 --- p.33 / Chapter 第四節： --- 實地工作逑要 --- p.39 / Chapter 第五節： --- 研究限制 --- p.46 / Chapter 第四章： --- 武進縣洛陽鎮的概況 / Chapter 第一節： --- 地理環境和經濟發展概況 --- p.48 / Chapter 第二節： --- 洛陽鎮的教育發展概況 --- p.54 / Chapter 第三節： --- 洛陽鎮的就業情況及學生擇業的標準 --- p.57 / Chapter 第四節： --- 洛陽鎮非種植業工作的收入概況 --- p.60 / Chapter 第五節： --- 小結 --- p.62 / Chapter 第五章： --- 洛陽鎮的「適切教育」 / Chapter 第一節： --- 「適切教育」的定義 --- p.63 / Chapter 第二節： --- 洛陽鎮「適切教育」的發展情況 --- p.67 / Chapter (甲） --- 普通中學的「職業技術教育」 / Chapter (一） --- 洛陽中學的職業高中班 --- p.67 / Chapter (二） --- 分流教育 --- p.71 / Chapter (三） --- 勞動技術教育 --- p.76 / Chapter (四） --- 應屆畢業生實用培訓計劃 --- p.79 / Chapter (乙） --- 熱愛家鄉教育 / Chapter (一） --- 鄉土教材 --- p.81 / Chapter (二） --- 宣傳活動和參觀 --- p.84 / Chapter (丙） --- 成人教育中心校 --- p.86 / Chapter (丁） --- 小結 --- p.96 / Chapter 第三節： --- 從學校到工作崗位---洛陽鎮職位的供應 與所需的教育程度與教育性質 (普通教育/職業教育） --- p.100 / Chapter 第六章： --- 洛陽鎮的教育工作者、家長和學生對「學童接受教 育」的態度 / Chapter 第一節： --- 教育工作者的態度 --- p.107 / Chapter 第二節： --- 家長和學生的態度 --- p.114 / Chapter 第三節： --- 小結一洛陽鎮的教育工作者、家長和學 童對「學童接受教育」的態度對該鎮教育 發展的影響 --- p.119 / Chapter 第七章： --- 總論 / Chapter 第一節： --- 對「適切教育」辯爭的回應 --- p.122 / Chapter 第二節： --- 中國鄉鎮普及義務教育及職業教育的發展 / 註釋 --- p.130 / 附件一 --- p.142 / 附件二 --- p.146 / 附件三 --- p.150 / 參考書目 --- p.155