Favorable and unfavorable demographic processes and their imminent repercussions for local labor markets, regional economic development, and the accomplishment of public duties have spurred the interest around the world. The mobility of individuals and households, in particular in the form of migration and commuting, decisively shapes these demographic trends at the regional and local level. Studying the causes of mobility behavior at the microlevel, therefore, delivers hypotheses needed for the evaluation of various policy options directed at attracting new and retaining existing population shares. Knowing about the various influences in mobility decision making also allows for a better projection of population dynamics and migration flows. In the design of this dissertation, uncertainty is recognized as a key component of day-to-day decision making processes and, thus, serves as the underlying feature in the examinations. The dissertation’s aim is to study the effects of economic uncertainty on household mobility decisions. This includes migration as well as commuting behavior in the presence of income and transport cost uncertainty. In three thematic areas the dissertation investigates migration behavior of individuals and households in the context of both long-distance interregional migration and short-distance local moves. Covered aspects range from the influence of different levels of longevity over the implications of joint migration intentions to the interrelated choice of residence and mode of mobility in a urban-suburban framework.