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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
11

Elixir dos Gnósticos: a existência da alma humana em Mullā Ṣadrā / The Elixir of the Gnostics: the existence of the human soul in Mullā Ṣadrā

Nathalia Novaes Alves 16 October 2014 (has links)
Figura-chave da chamada \"Escola de Isfahān\", Mullā Ṣadrā (979 H. / 1571-2 d.C ) ocupou papel de destaque durante a renascença safávida do reinado de Abbās I (d. 1039/1629). Acredita-se ter sido ele o principal responsável por revitalizar a filosofia da iluminação de Sūhrawardi naquele contexto, além de consolidar a junção entre sufismo e neoplatonismo. Foi responsável, ainda, pela elaboração de metodologia própria para a compreensão da realidade, tendo por base fontes filosóficas, teológicas e místicas, além de mesclar raciocínio lógico, inspiração espiritual e meditação profunda. Ṣadrā aplicou tal metodologia às principais obras da tradição xiita duodécima. Do ponto de vista filosófico, Ṣadrā percebe o conceito aristotélico de \"substância\" como processo, em constante mudança; nesse aspecto, o filósofo aproxima-se da leitura de traço neoplatônico, já presente em al-Fārābī e Ibn Sīn&#257. O modo como Ṣadrā relaciona as noções de \"essência\" e \"existência\" deu novas feições à discussão metafísica de tradição árabe-islâmica. Em sua doutrina, Ṣadrā acaba por transformar a metafísica construída a partir da primazia das substâncias, como elemento primordial da existência, em outra, fundada e movida por atos de existência. Apesar de perpassar esses e outros temas, a principal contribuição d\'O Elixir dos Gnósticos diz respeito à ênfase do autor no autoconhecimento. Como Ibn Ἁrab&#299, Ṣadrā acredita que o conhecimento da alma / nafs - ou seja, o conhecimento de si mesmo - e o conhecimento de Deus estão interligados. Por esse motivo, o presente trabalho se preocupou principalmente em analisar a relação entre os existentes, a alma e a inteligência primeira, pois é a partir dessa relação que se tornar possível vislumbrar e compreender as questões fundamentais da origem e do retorno à fonte doadora de existência. Do ponto de vista histórico, vale destacar que à fundação do império safávida acompanhou-se a conversão em massa da população ao xiismo. Para responder à demanda por instrução da multidão de novos convertidos - e igualmente firmar as bases da nova religião oficial -, grande número de religiosos foi trazido de áreas xiitas respeitadas pela doutrina e pela ortodoxia, tais como Líbano e Iraque. Esse clero árabe recém chegado, que teve Ṣadrā como herdeiro, foi responsável por incorporar novos elementos ao pensamento religioso vigente em terras persas e, assim, conformar ambiente propício para o desenvolvimento do pensamento filosófico de Ṣadrā. / Prominent figure of the \"Isfahān School\", Mullā Ṣadrā (979 H. / 1571-2 AD) had an important role during the Safavid renaissance in the reign of Abbās I (d. 1039/1629). He is believed to be the main responsible for the revitalization of the philosophy of illumination of Sūhrawardi in that context, as well as for the consolidation of the junction between Sufism and Neoplatonism. He also developed his own methodology for the comprehension of the reality, based on philosophical, theological and mystics\' sources, and which puts together logical reasoning, spiritual inspiration and deep meditation. Ṣadrā applied his methodology to the then major works of the Twelver Shi\'ism tradition. From the philosophical point of view Ṣadrā perceives the Aristotelian concept of \"substance\" as a process in constant change; in this regard the philosopher comes nearer to the Neoplatonic ideas instead, as did al-Fārābī and Ibn Sīn&#257. The way Ṣadrā relates the notion of \"essence\" and \"existence\" added new features to the metaphysical discussions in Arabic and Islamic philosophical tradition. In his doctrine, Ṣadrā ends up transforming the metaphysics built upon the primacy of substances as the primordial element of existence, in another one based on and moved by acts of existence. The most important contribution of The Elixir of the Gnostics however is the emphasis of the author on self-knowledge. As Ibn Ἁrab&#299, Ṣadrā believes that the knowledge of the soul / nafs - in other words, the knowledge of the self - and the knowledge of God are interconnected. For this reason the present work is more concerned in analyzing the relation between existents, soul, and the first intelligence, from which it is possible to comprehend the fundamental issues of the origin and the return to the donor source of existence. From the historical point of view, it is worthy to highlight that the establishment of the Safavid Empire resulted in the mass conversion of the Persians into Shi\'ism. In order to respond to the increasing demand for religious instruction - and also to stabilize the basis for the new official religion - a great number of clerics was brought from Shiite areas recognized for their doctrine and orthodoxy, such as Lebanon and Iraq. This newcomer Arab clergy was responsible for incorporating new elements to the existing religious thought in Persian lands, and for creating a propitious context for the development of Ṣadrā\'s philosophical thought.
12

Fondations waqf dans le chiisme duodécimain en Iran du 16ème au 18ème siècle selon les ḥadîths, le fiqh et la société safavide / Waqf Foundations in Twelver Shiism in Iran according to Hadîths, Fiqh and Safavid Society (16th-18th Centuries)

Neyestani, Mohammadreza 10 July 2014 (has links)
Le waqf est l'un des phénomènes socioculturels religieux majeurs du monde musulman, en vigueur dans les sociétés islamiques depuis les débuts de l'islam jusqu'à nos jours. Dans cette recherche, on s'est attaché à l'étude du waqf selon l'école chiite imâmite duodécimaine en Iran du 16ème au 18ème siècle. Pour que cette analyse soit la plus complète possible, on a abordé la question sous trois aspects complémentaires. Ainsi, la première partie examine le waqf dans les ḥadîths de la tradition chiite duodécimaine, les présentant, les traduisant et les analysant alors que la seconde partie se concentre sur des positions des jurisconsultes les plus influents de la période concernée par rapport à la praxis et à la théorie de waqf. La recherche sur les pratiques de waqf dans la société safavide compose la troisième partie de cette thèse. Cette approche tripartite a produit une étude qui analyse les fondements théoriques de waqf dans le chiisme duodécimain ainsi que des pratiques mêmes de waqf en islam chiite. Cette recherche constitue une première étape pour comprendre la spécificité du waqf chiite dans un cadre géographique et historique précis qui façonna les bases de la jurisprudence chiite contemporaine sur le waqf qui reste toujours d'actualité. / Waqf is one of the major sociocultural phenomena in Islam since the early generations up until today.This dissertation focuses on waqf according to the Twelver Imamite Shiite doctrine in Iran from the 16th to the 18th century. To study this in different ways, we have used three complemetary aspects. The first part closely examines waqf in Twelver Shiite ḥadîths, presenting, translating and analyzing them while the second section concentrates on the positions of the most influential Shiite ulama of the period with respect to waqf theory and praxis. Research on waqf practices in Safavid society make up the third section of this thesis. This tripartite approach has produced a study which analyzes the theoretical foundations of waqf in Twelver Shiism as well as the practices of waqf in Shiite Islam. This research is a step on the way to understanding the specificity of Shiite waqf within a geographical and historical context which has established the basis for contemporary Shiite jurisprudence on waqf up until today.
13

THE APPROPRIATION OF ISLAMIC HISTORY AND AHL AL-BAYTISM IN OTTOMAN HISTORICAL WRITING, 1300-1650

Erginbas, Vefa 24 May 2013 (has links)
No description available.

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