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1	COI Barcoding of the Shorebirds: Rates of Evolution and the Identification of Species Elbourne, Rebecca 07 December 2011 (has links) This study assembles COI barcodes from 1814 specimens from the shorebird order, Charadriiformes and examines variation relative to time, rate of evolution and taxonomic level. In the suborder Scolopaci, 95% of sampled species were identified correctly. COI barcode variation within monotypic species was low (0-1% maximum distance) but showed a wide range within polytypic species (0-5%). Preliminary Charadrii results suggest similar trends but success is reduced in the third suborder, Lari. Rates of COI evolution are found to be lowest in the Lari and this leads to reduced species identification in recently radiated families: just 49% of the Laridae and 57% of the Stercoraridae are identified but 100% of the older Alcidae. In the faster Scolopaci, subspecies are at the limit of resolution with some well differentiated subspecies not distinguished by barcodes. The interplay of evolutionary rates, divergence dates and gene flow appears to determine COI barcode differentiation between taxa. DNA barcoding Charadriiformes substitution rate mitochondrial DNA shorebirds white-headed gulls Lari Scolopaci subspecies COI 0306 0307
2	COI Barcoding of the Shorebirds: Rates of Evolution and the Identification of Species Elbourne, Rebecca 07 December 2011 (has links) This study assembles COI barcodes from 1814 specimens from the shorebird order, Charadriiformes and examines variation relative to time, rate of evolution and taxonomic level. In the suborder Scolopaci, 95% of sampled species were identified correctly. COI barcode variation within monotypic species was low (0-1% maximum distance) but showed a wide range within polytypic species (0-5%). Preliminary Charadrii results suggest similar trends but success is reduced in the third suborder, Lari. Rates of COI evolution are found to be lowest in the Lari and this leads to reduced species identification in recently radiated families: just 49% of the Laridae and 57% of the Stercoraridae are identified but 100% of the older Alcidae. In the faster Scolopaci, subspecies are at the limit of resolution with some well differentiated subspecies not distinguished by barcodes. The interplay of evolutionary rates, divergence dates and gene flow appears to determine COI barcode differentiation between taxa. DNA barcoding Charadriiformes substitution rate mitochondrial DNA shorebirds white-headed gulls Lari Scolopaci subspecies COI 0306 0307
3	Les classificateurs BU (CL. 14), GA (CL. 16), KU (CL. 17) et MU (CL. 18) dans l'expression de la localisation en kikongo (lari) / Classifiers bu (cl. 14), ga (cl. 16), ku (cl. 17), and mu (cl, 18) in localization in Kikongo (Lari) Bagamboula, Elise Solange 26 June 2019 (has links) Les classificateurs ga (cl. 16), ku (cl. 17) et mu (cl. 18) marquent respectivement les valeurs de « contact », de « distance » et d’« intériorité » : a) lorsqu’ils sont préfixés à la base ‑úma /endroit/ ; b) lorsqu’ils apparaissent dans le verbe conjugué ou préfixés aux thèmes des déterminants ; c) lorsqu’ils sont suivis d’un nom en isolation ; d) ou lorsqu’ils ils sont suivis d’un verbe.Bu (cl. 14) marque en outre une valeur « abstraite » lorsqu’il se combine avec des bases lexicales ; il exprime le temps, la comparaison et la cause, lorsqu’il est préfixé aux thèmes des déterminants ; il sert en troisième lieu à marquer l’hypothèse lorsqu’il est employé sous la forme d’un morphème libre. / Classifiers ga (cl. 16), ku (cl. 17) and mu (cl. 18) express respectively “contact”, “distance” and “interiority”: a) when they are prefixed by ‑úma /place/; b) when they appear in conjugated verbs or are prefixed by themes of determinants; c) when they are followed by a name in the form of a free morpheme; d) or when they are followed by a verb. Bu (cl. 14) expresses, in addition, “abstract” value when it is combined to lexical bases; when it is prefixed to the themes of determinants, it carries temporal, comparative and causal values; it serves thirdly to mark the hypothesis in the form of a free morpheme. Bu (cl. 14) Ga (cl .16) Ku (cl. 17) Mu (cl. 18) Classificateurs Localisateurs Localisation Locatifs Temps Aspect Kikongo (lari) Langues bantoues TOPE Bu (cl. 14) Ga (cl .16) Ku (cl. 17) Mu (cl. 18) Classifiers Localizers Location Locatives Space Time Kikongo (Lari) Bantu languages
4	La problématique des enfants de la rue à Port-au-Prince et les stratégies d'interventions des institutions de prise en charge Eugene, Chrismene 07 1900 (has links) No description available. enfants de la rue représentation sociale intervention sociale stratégie d’intervention street youth intervention Haiti exclusion social representation policy timoun lari reprezantasyon sosyal entevansyon sosyal estrateji entevansyon
5	THE APPROPRIATION OF ISLAMIC HISTORY AND AHL AL-BAYTISM IN OTTOMAN HISTORICAL WRITING, 1300-1650 Erginbas, Vefa 24 May 2013 (has links) No description available. History Religious History Religion World History Near Eastern Studies Middle Eastern History Middle Eastern Studies Islamic Studies Early Islamic History Historical Writing in the Ottoman Empire Ahl al-baytism Ottoman-Safavid conflict Ottoman Sunni identity Twelve Imams Universal Histories Cenabi Lari Katip Celebi: Historiography

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