Ziel der Dissertation war die Überprüfung der klinischen Wirksamkeit von Natriumsalicylat bei respiratorischen Erkrankungen von Mastputen unter Feldbedingungen. Bisher existieren keine konkreten Richtlinien bzw. Modelle zum Versuchsaufbau beim Geflügel, und explizit bei der Pute, zur Durchführung einer derartigen Studie. Daher stellten sowohl die Konzeption als auch die Implementierung eines Studiendesigns zur Untersuchung der Wirksamkeit eines Antiphlogistikums bei der Mastpute unter Feldbedingungen eine zusätzliche elementare Zielsetzung dieser Promotion dar. Die in dieser Dissertationsschrift entwickelten Feldstudien orientieren sich an den Leitlinien der good clinical practice sowie der guideline for the conduct of efficacy studies for non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs und entsprechen der Wertigkeitsklasse Ia der evidenzbasierten Veterinärmedizin. Jede der drei Feldstudien wurde als kontrollierte, randomisierte und verblindete Parallelgruppenstudie in verschiedenen Regionen Deutschlands durchgeführt und gliederte sich in eine viertägige experimentelle Phase (EP) und eine siebentägige postexperimentelle Phase (PoP). Die zunächst definierten Arbeitshypothesen bekamen entsprechende Beurteilungskriterien zugewiesen. Unter deren Nutzung erfolgte die spätere Evaluierung, inwieweit die entzündungshemmende Wirkung von Natriumsalicylat imstande war, den Heilungsprozess der respiratorischen Grunderkrankung zu beschleunigen und eine verbesserte restitutio ad integrum hervorzurufen.

No description available.

Thesis (M.Sc.) - Carleton University, 2007. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 83-89). Also available in electronic format on the Internet.

Tinnitus is a phantom auditory perception characterized by a ringing sound in either one or both ears. It is a common disorder most often associated with hearing loss and can have a severe impact on a person's quality of life. There is currently no cure and no efficient therapeutic options. There is little known about the neural mechanisms underlying the generation of tinnitus but a better understanding of its neural basis could greatly benefit the development of efficient treatment methods. This literature study aims to explore the neural mechanisms of tinnitus in terms of generation, perpetuation, and perception. Cochlear dysfunction, changes in neuronal firing rates and oscillatory properties, hyperactivity, lack of inhibitory activity and plasticity in auditory-limbic structures have been associated with tinnitus and may be a part of a crossmodal network involved in generating, perpetuating and perceiving tinnitus, through maladaptive CNS plasticity. New developing treatment methods aim to modulate and re-route tinnitus-related plasticity, however, this leads to treatment difficulties due to the crossmodal nature of the tinnitus pathophysiology. These difficulties will be further examined in the discussion.

Salicylic acid-binding protein 2 (SABP2) is essential for the establishment of systemic acquired resistance (SAR) in tobacco; SABP2's methyl salicylate (MeSA) esterase activity is required in healthy systemic tissues of infected plants to release the active defense phytohormone SA from MeSA, which serves as a long-distance signal for SAR. In the current study, we characterize a new gene family from Arabidopsis thaliana encoding 18 potentially active α/β fold hydrolases that share 32-57% identity with SABP2. Of 14 recombinant AtMES (MES for methyl esterase) proteins tested, five showed preference for MeSA as a substrate and displayed SA inhibition of MeSA esterase activity in vitro (AtMES1, -2, -4, -7, and -9). The two genes encoding MeSA esterases with the greatest activity, AtMES1 and -9, as well as AtMES7 were transcriptionally upregulated during infection of Arabidopsis with avirulent Pseudomonas syringae. In addition, conditional expression of AtMES1, -7, or -9 complemented SAR deficiency in SABP2-silenced tobacco, suggesting that these three members of the AtMES family are SABP2 functional homologs (orthologs). Underexpression by knockout mutation and/or RNAi-mediated silencing of multiple AtMES genes, including AtMES1, -2, -7, and -9, compromised SAR in Arabidopsis and correlated with enhanced accumulation of MeSA in the systemic tissue of SAR-induced plants. Together, the data show that several members of the AtMES gene family are functionally homologous to SABP2 and redundant for MeSA hydrolysis and probably SAR. These data suggest that MeSA is a conserved SAR signal in Arabidopsis and tobacco.

京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(人間・環境学) / 甲第19057号 / 人博第710号 / 新制||人||171(附属図書館) / 26||人博||710(吉田南総合図書館) / 32008 / 京都大学大学院人間・環境学研究科共生人間学専攻 / (主査)教授 林 達也, 教授 森谷 敏夫, 教授 石原 昭彦 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Human and Environmental Studies / Kyoto University / DGAM

Salicylic acid (SA) is an important plant hormone with a wide range of effects on plant growth and metabolism. Plants lacking SA exhibit enhanced susceptibility to pathogens. SA plays important signaling roles in resistance against biotrophic and hemi- biotrophic phytopathogens. It is synthesized in plastids along two pathways, one involving phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL) and the other isochorismate synthase (ICS). In Arabidopsis , during immune response most SA is synthesized through the ICS-dependent pathway, but clearly an ICS-independent pathway also exists. Several SA effector proteins have been identified and characterized which mediate downstream SA signaling. This includes SABP, a catalase, SABP2, a methyl salicylate esterase, SABP3, a carbonic anhydrase, NPR1 (nonexpressor of pathogenesis-related 1), NPR3 (a NPR1 paralog), and NPR4 (another NPR1 paralog). NPR3 and NPR4 regulate the turnover of NPR1, a process which plays a key role in activating defense gene expression. The role of SA in abiotic stress signaling is gradually becoming clearer. Various components of SA signaling in biotic stress also appear to impact abiotic stress signaling.

No description available.

Obesity is associated with chronic inflammation and increased risk of developing cardiovascular disease (CVD). Obesity is also associated with nitric oxide (NO)-mediated vascular endothelial dysfunction (VED), an independent predictor of increased CVD risk in humans. Pro-inflammatory cytokines secreted by the adipose tissue, such as TNF-Α, may contribute to VED through promotion of insulin resistance or directly through a reduction in endothelial NO synthase (eNOS) expression and/or phosphorylation. Sodium salicylate (Na-Sal) is a non-acetylated aspirin that inhibits the pro-inflammatory transcription factor nuclear factor-ΚB (NF-ΚB) and activates the cellular metabolism regulator AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK). AMPK is a known activator of eNOS. We tested the hypothesis that Na-Sal increases eNOS expression/phosphorylation in TNFΑ-stimulated endothelial cells through an AMPK-dependent mechanism. Human aortic endothelial cells (HAECs) incubated in vitro with TNF-Α (10 ng/ml, 2 hrs) demonstrated decreased (vs. control) expression (via Western blotting) of eNOSser1177 phosphorylation (n=8; PThr172 phosphorylation (n=8, Pser1177 phosphorylation (vs. control, n=7; P=0.14) and AMPKThr172 phosphorylation (vs. control, n=9; P=0.42). The AMPK activator AICAR prevented eNOSser1177 phosphorylation down-regulation by TNF-Α in a manner similar to Na-Sal (n=2, P=0.839). Co-treatment with the AMPK inhibitor compound C (10 μM, 30 min) abolished the ability of Na-Sal to prevent down-regulation of eNOSser1177 phosphorylation by TNF-Α (vs. control, n=3; Pser1177 in endothelial cells in part through AMPK.

Aphrodisiac and anti-aphrodisiac pheromone production and composition in the green-veined white butterfly Pieris napi L. were investigated. Aphrodisiac pheromone biosynthesis had different time constraints in butterflies from the diapausing and directly developing generations. Effects of stable isotope incorporation in adult butterfly pheromone, in the nectar and flower volatiles of  host plants from labeled substrates were measured by solid phase microextraction and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. A method to fertilize plants with stable isotopes was developed and found to be an effective method to investigate the transfer of pheromone building blocks from flowering plants to butterflies. The anti-aphrodisiac methyl salicylate was not biosynthesized from phenylalanine in flowers of Alliaria petiolata. Both aphrodisiac and anti-aphrodisiac pheromones in P.napi are produced not only from resources acquired in the larval stage, but also from nutritional resources consumed intheadult stage. Males of P. napi produce the anti-aphrodisiac pheromone from both the essential amino acid L-phenylalanine and from common flower fragrance constituents. / <p>QC 20140311</p>