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Das Verständnis über die Ausprägung der Lebensgemeinschaften von benthischen Invertebraten in aquatischen Ökosystemen in Abhängigkeit von abiotischen Faktoren ist von grundlegender wissenschaftlicher Bedeutung und eine Voraussetzung für die Bewertung, den Schutz und die Wiederherstellung der ökologischen Integrität in Fließgewässern. Für die Erarbeitung von Abhängigkeiten zwischen der benthischen Lebensgemeinschaft, der Hydromorphologie und der Saprobie standen insgesamt 409 Datensätze in Form von Taxalisten des Makrozoobenthos zur Verfügung. Diese wurden mit Strukturgütedaten verschnitten und anhand uni- und multivariater statistischer Methoden analysiert. Folgende Ergebnisse konnten dabei erzielt werden: (a) es können sieben Einzelparameter der Gewässerstruktur identifiziert werden, die einen signifikanten Einfluss auf die benthische Biozönose ausüben, (b) die Fließgewässertypen 5 und 5.1 unterscheiden sich auf Basis des vorliegenden Datensatzes weder in der taxonomischen noch in der funktionalen Zusammensetzung der Makrozoobenthoszönose und (c) bei einer erhöhten saprobiellen Belastung überlagert der Einfluss der organischen Belastung die strukturellen Gegebenheiten. Für die Entwicklung und Anpassung effizienter Strukturgüteverfahren und die daraus resultierenden Monitoring- und Maßnahmenprogramme für ein integriertes Fließgewässermanagement ist die Auswahl ökologisch relevanter Parameter von immenser Bedeutung. / The understanding about the development of benthic invertebrate communities as a function of abiotic influencing factors in aquatic ecosystems is of essential scientific relevance for the assessment of the ecological status of rivers and streams. For the development of interdependencies between benthic invertebrates, hydromorphology and saprobity, 409 species lists of the macroinvertebrates were provided. They were aggregated with morphological features and analysed with different uni- and multivariate statistical methods. On the basis of the used analyses, the following results were achieved: (a) seven ecological relevant morphological features with significant influence to benthic invertebrate community could be identified, (b) on the basis of the present database, the structural and functional composition of the benthic invertebrates can not be differ river type specific (type 5 and 5.1) and (c) if the saprobic pressure decrease, the organic pressure superpose the hydromorphology. The values of the biological attributes are low in spite of near natural morphological conditions. For an ecological efficiency stream habitat assessment, the identified relevant morphological parameters have to consider. The “morphological characteristic curves” are well describing the results of a local monitoring. This application-oriented instrument can be used for (a) the operationalisation of environmental objectives, (b) the development and adaption of monitoring strategies and (c) the derivation and prioritisation of ecological and economic efficiency measurements for an integrated river management.

The objective of this diploma thesis was to evaluate the quality of the water after flow through the ponds with conventional (Blatensko, Czech Republic) and organic (Waldviertel, Austria) technologies using the colonization of artificial substrates by macrozoobenthos (MZB) to asses the differences in the influence of different managements of pond farming (organic vs. traditional) on water quality. Samplings were performed in monthly intervals (AprilSeptember 2016) at nine inflow and outflow profiles of four ponds. Samples of MZB were processed in the laboratory. Evaluation of MZB was supplemented by in-situ monitoring of basic parameters of the aquatic environment. The resulting values of saprobic index (SI) match the water quality in outlets in the range valid for the beta to alpha mesosabrobity (SI 2.302.62). In the inlets to the Skaličný and Haslauerteich ponds, where the SI value corresponded the betamesosabrobity (SI 2.482.49), the discharged water quality in the outlet was insignificantly (p>0,05) deteriorated to the alphamesosabrobity (SI 2.54 2.62). On the contrary, in the inlet to the Gebhartsteich pond, where the value SI matched the alphamesosabrobity (SI 2.57), water quality in the outlet was insignificantly (p>0,05) slightly improved (SI 2.54), but the degree of saprobity has not changed. Similarly, in the inlet to the Pančár pond, where the SI value matched betamesosabrobity (SI 2.30), the outlet water quality was insignificantly (p>0,05) slightly deteriorated (SI 2.33), however again the degree of saprobity remained unchanged. Water quality changes after the flow through the investigated ponds resulted in the increase of the diversity index (H´) and vice versa (the worse water quality the lower H´). According to the analysis of the data of environmental conditions in organic and conventional carp ponds, they did not differ significantly. Also the species richness and the total number of individuals were not significantly different. The results of this diploma thesis demonstrated that the applied organic technologies of fish culture in monitored ponds did not have any significant impact (improvement) on the quality of aquatic environment and the composition of macrozoobenthos in the recipients of farm outflows, and also that no significant differences (deterioration) can be documented in the outflows from conventional ponds compared to the organic pond farming management.

Das Verständnis über die Ausprägung der Lebensgemeinschaften von benthischen Invertebraten in aquatischen Ökosystemen in Abhängigkeit von abiotischen Faktoren ist von grundlegender wissenschaftlicher Bedeutung und eine Voraussetzung für die Bewertung, den Schutz und die Wiederherstellung der ökologischen Integrität in Fließgewässern. Für die Erarbeitung von Abhängigkeiten zwischen der benthischen Lebensgemeinschaft, der Hydromorphologie und der Saprobie standen insgesamt 409 Datensätze in Form von Taxalisten des Makrozoobenthos zur Verfügung. Diese wurden mit Strukturgütedaten verschnitten und anhand uni- und multivariater statistischer Methoden analysiert. Folgende Ergebnisse konnten dabei erzielt werden: (a) es können sieben Einzelparameter der Gewässerstruktur identifiziert werden, die einen signifikanten Einfluss auf die benthische Biozönose ausüben, (b) die Fließgewässertypen 5 und 5.1 unterscheiden sich auf Basis des vorliegenden Datensatzes weder in der taxonomischen noch in der funktionalen Zusammensetzung der Makrozoobenthoszönose und (c) bei einer erhöhten saprobiellen Belastung überlagert der Einfluss der organischen Belastung die strukturellen Gegebenheiten. Für die Entwicklung und Anpassung effizienter Strukturgüteverfahren und die daraus resultierenden Monitoring- und Maßnahmenprogramme für ein integriertes Fließgewässermanagement ist die Auswahl ökologisch relevanter Parameter von immenser Bedeutung. / The understanding about the development of benthic invertebrate communities as a function of abiotic influencing factors in aquatic ecosystems is of essential scientific relevance for the assessment of the ecological status of rivers and streams. For the development of interdependencies between benthic invertebrates, hydromorphology and saprobity, 409 species lists of the macroinvertebrates were provided. They were aggregated with morphological features and analysed with different uni- and multivariate statistical methods. On the basis of the used analyses, the following results were achieved: (a) seven ecological relevant morphological features with significant influence to benthic invertebrate community could be identified, (b) on the basis of the present database, the structural and functional composition of the benthic invertebrates can not be differ river type specific (type 5 and 5.1) and (c) if the saprobic pressure decrease, the organic pressure superpose the hydromorphology. The values of the biological attributes are low in spite of near natural morphological conditions. For an ecological efficiency stream habitat assessment, the identified relevant morphological parameters have to consider. The “morphological characteristic curves” are well describing the results of a local monitoring. This application-oriented instrument can be used for (a) the operationalisation of environmental objectives, (b) the development and adaption of monitoring strategies and (c) the derivation and prioritisation of ecological and economic efficiency measurements for an integrated river management.

The presented thesis deals with the structure and composition of macrozoobenthos of Pohořský and Dobechovský brooks in the Novohradské Mountains. The evaluation was based on the collections from 10 localities carried out in July 2001, March 2002 and July 2002/2003. In addition to determination and classification of the species found, the collections have also been qualitatively evaluated with the use of the diversity index (saprobic index, Belgian Biotic index) and the similarity index. It has been found that the zoobenthos population of Pohořský and Dobechovský brooks encompasses the species of both trout and grayling zones. In most taxa it concerns characteristic representatives of clear, flowing and adequately aerated water. Mutual species similarity of macrozoobenthos population of Pohořský and Dobechovský brooks is approximately 40%. The comparison of macrozoobenthos population diversity indices of Pohořský and Dobechovský brooks has shown that the Pohořský brook bentic fauna is, according to the obtained data, richer and better balanced. From the saprobity point of view, the Pohořský brook can mainly be placed into oligosaprobic stream class. The water of Dobechovský brook oscillates between oligosaprobic and {$\beta$}-mesosaprobic level.

The "Zákolanský potok" takes part in European nature program Special Area of Conservation because of the presence of stone crayfish (Austropotamobius torentium), which is listed as threatened species. The area around brook is intensively agriculturally cultivated. Water from wastewater treatments plants is drained to the local brooks. The aim of the work was to describe diversity of macrozoobenthos on the brook called "Zákolanský potok". Further aim was to evaluate the ecological condition of the watercourse using biotic indexes. The samples of macrobenthos were taken from three profiles in five sampling periods. Profile 1 was control, profile 2 was under the wastewater treatments plants and the third profile was placed down the stream. Diversity, biomass, saprobic index, BMWP, and ASTP scores were evaluated for the community of macrozoobenthos. The saprobic index was evaluated to the beta-mezosaprobity value (2.0-2.4) in the first profile, the saprobic index on the second profile showed a relatively wide range from worse oligosaprobity to worse beta-mesosaprobity (1.2-2.4). On the third profile, the saprobic index ranged from better beta-mesosaprobity to better alpha-mesosaprobity (1.6-2.6). The BMWP and ASPT scores in all profiles refer to medium to low quality aquatic environments. The diversity of the community gained the best values on the 3rd profile, here was found with one more taxon than on the 1st profile. With increasing organic load, diversity decreased on the 2nd profile, although a more sensitive species was found here.