The occurrence of vertebrate fossils from the Ravenscrag Formation near Roche Perce, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada, documents the presence of a large and diverse assemblage of early late Paleocene (approximately 58 million years) mammals. Previous studies of the Roche Perce localities have examined only a small portion of the fauna, with the vast majority of taxa remaining undescribed. The current research centers on the identification, description and, where appropriate, evolutionary relationships of these undescribed mammals. Significant discoveries, to date, include two new species of the rare viverravid carnivoran Raphictis, a new species of the phenacodontid condylarth Ectocion, a large collection of a probable new species of the semi-aquatic pantolestid Palaeosinopa, and only the second known occurrence of the predominantly European lipotyphlan Adapisorex in North America. This research provides an improved understanding of mammalian diversity and evolution in the northern part of the Western Interior during this important time interval. / Systematics and Evolution

The latest evidence indicates that 50,000 Canadians will experience a stroke in 2013. The hospital care, rehabilitation, and long term care associated with a stroke places a significant burden on our health care system. Lost productivity and premature death have an immeasurable impact on communities in our province as well as the rest of the country. Small, less populated regions such as Saskatchewan may be underrepresented in national data utilized in the development of national prevention and treatment strategies across the country. The absence of local research has necessitated the use of national information to guide prevention, treatment education and programming in Saskatchewan. The goals of this study was to provide a descriptive profile of stroke and transient ischemic attack cases admitted to Royal University Hospital over the period of April 1, 2009 to March 31st, 2010 and to assess the acute management of these cases as defined in the Canadian Best Practice Recommendations for Stroke Care (Strategy, 2010). A randomized sample of 200 cases 55 years and older was selected for a retrospective descriptive study involving review of adult stroke case records. Personal demographics and healthcare performance through the use of measures provided in The Canadian Best Practice Recommendations for Stroke Care (Canadian Stroke Network (CSN) and Heart and Stroke Foundation of Canada (HSFC), 2010) were evaluated. The results indicated many similarities to available national information on type of stroke, risk factors, gender, and age. Hospital adherence to national guidelines comparing selected indicators was exceeded in some areas, and met in most. The remaining indicators provide an opportunity for improvement and possibly more research. This regional information supplements the available Canadian information and could be used to guide planning and care strategically targeting Saskatchewan residents and increasing their potential for success.

Thesis (D. Min.)--Trinity Evangelical Divinity School, 2004. / Abstract. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 195-208).

The 1870 Resistance at Red River and the Saskatchewan Rebellion of 1885 form an important chapter in the history of the Canadian West and are considered pivotal episodes in the development of the region. Despite the presence and participation of the white settlers in certain aspects of these protest movements, especially in the latter, studies have tended to characterize these events primarily as the result of the actions of Louis Riel and the Metis, relegating the role of the whites to a subordinate position in their analyses. This trend has had important consequences for the interpretion of Western Canadian history. As the idea of Western discontent and distinctive regionalism is fundamental in understanding the history of the region, the focus on the Metis role in protests against the Canadian Government has led to the conclusion that Western discontent grew out of the Metis experience and that it was Western, that is, environmental, in origin. However, as Western society and culture were shaped to an astonishing degree by the Ontario immigrants of the 1870's and 1880's, any analysis of the roots of Western discontent must also take into account the white settlers' role in the protest movements of the time. This is especially true for the Rebellion of 1885 as large numbers of Ontario settlers were both present in the West and active in agitation against the government prior to the Rebellion. By placing the general characteristics of the Western white settlers' protest and agitation during the 1870's and 1880's in the context of protests and rebellions elsewhere in North America,, it becomes clear that the settlers' discontent was not the product of the Western identity they shared with the Metis, but rather grew out of the cultural heritage they had brought from Ontario. Although the frontier environment of the West provided reasons for their discontent, it was as "British subjects," not as Westerners, that the settlers protested against the Ottawa government and the "East." In fact, in the same way that the settlers' Ontario culture became that of the West, their protest tradition, derived from their British heritage, determined the characteristics and persistence of Western discontent. Far from imposing their protest tradition on the white settlers, the Metis revealed, by their use of petitions and their appeals to the "rights of British subjects," that it was they who adapted to the form of protest brought to the West by the Ontario immigrants. / Arts, Faculty of / History, Department of / Graduate

This study reports the results of an investigation of the potential pollution hazard of a potash brine disposal pond located near Esterhazy, Saskatchewan. The most serious problems associated with the brine pond are the potential pollution of groundwater resources and the possible contamination of a nearby stream by groundwater discharge. The primary geologic feature is a glacial buried valley aquifer consisting of highly-permeable sands and gravels. A three dimensional electric analog model was constructed to simulate the steady state and transient groundwater flow systems in the buried valley aquifer. The steady state analysis enabled the author to calculate the convective travel times of the brine from the brine pond to the nearby creek. The transient analysis was used to assess the feasibility of reversing the hydraulic gradient in the buried valley aquifer. Steady state results indicate that the most serious potential pollution hazard is brine seepage onto the surface immediately east of the brine pond. At a distance of 5600 feet from the brine pond, this seepage will occur within 30 years; nearer to the brine pond, it will occur sooner. This type of brine seepage could enter the nearby stream as a result of surface drainage. Brine pollution by groundwater discharge directly into the creek will take between 640 to 1260 years, so this mechanism does not pose an immediate pollution hazard. Transient results indicate that low-rate injection wells (up to 50 IGPM) would not reverse the hydraulic gradient in the buried valley aquifer. Injection rates between 370 to 575 IGPM would be required, but fresh water supplies of this magnitude are not available. The design of future brine ponds should include seepage calculations in the initial phases of design instead of after the fact. / Science, Faculty of / Earth, Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences, Department of / Graduate

Amino acids and other ninhydrin-positive compounds were measured in post-mortem thalamus from 25 Huntington's choreics, 10 schizophrenics, 5 schizophrenic-like psychotics, and 23 controls dying without neurological disease. Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) was significantly reduced in choreic thalami, in accord with deficiencies found in other brain regions choreics (Perry et al., 1973a,b). GABA was also significantly reduced in schizophrenic thalami, suggesting a biochemical link between these two diseases, and supporting the hypothesis of a defect in the GABA system in schizophrenia (Roberts, 1972). Homocarnosine, a GABA-containing dipeptide, was also low in choreic and 9 out of 10 schizophrenic thalami. One schizophrenic had extremely high homocarnosine. Glycerophosphoethanolamine was significantly elevated in Huntington's choreics, but not in schizophrenics. A number of other variables were considered for their potential influence on amino acid concentrations in thalamus. The majority of amino acids were found to rise in a significantly linear fashion in the interval 3 to 49 hours post-mortem, although other models might have described the change better. GABA, ornithine, histidine and tyrosine were found to decrease significantly with increasing age between 21 and 80 years, in controls. The effects of pre-mortem hypoxia, regional variation within the thalamus, and neuroleptic drug treatment could not be rigorously tested with these data. Neuroleptics were unlikely to have been the cause of group differences in GABA concentration, since they failed to deplete GABA in brain of chronically treated rats. On the other hand, bronchopneumonia and other causes of pre-mortem hypoxia could not be ruled out as potential contributers to reduced GABA in thalamus. / Medicine, Faculty of / Medical Genetics, Department of / Graduate

Depuis plus de deux cent cinquante ans, les « Français d'Amérique » ont foulé un sol canadien que l'on dit aussi saskatchewannais. Ils y ont laissé leurs empreintes. L'une d'entre elles est la toponymie. Les plus anciens noms de lieux marqués du sceau de la langue française dans l'Ouest canadien remontent au Régime français. Celui-ci fut suivi de la Conquête anglaise. Le commerce des pelleteries, moteur de l'économie et de la découverte, reprit sous l'initiative des marchands de Montréal et de Québec, puissamment épaulés par les Voyageurs. Ces pagayeurs réputés infatigables étaient francophones dans leur vaste majorité. Ensemble ils reprirent le chemin de l'Ouest et atteignirent de nouveau les rives de la rivière Saskatchewan, puis remontèrent encore plus au nord. Tout au long de leur route, ils semèrent des noms à leur image et à celle des occupants amérindiens au devant desquels ils allaient. En Saskatchewan, certains toponymes, associés à des lieux souvent remarquables par leur taille, perpétuent le souvenir de leurs passages. Avant qu'ils ne s'évanouissent dans les replis de l'Histoire, les Voyageurs et leurs épouses amérindiennes donnèrent naissance à une nation métisse. Elle prit le relai et maintint en maints lieux les désignations françaises héritées de leurs pères. Cette nation fut évangélisée par des missionnaires, principalement catholiques et français. Puis, peu de décennies après, ce fut la colonisation subite et massive de l'Ouest. Elle modifia profondément le paysage et la toponymie de la Saskatchewan. Cette province se constella alors d'une multitude de nouveaux noms reléguant nombre de toponymes français, désormais surannés, à n'occuper que les replis des mémoires et des papiers anciens. La langue anglaise parvint à occuper une place dominante qu'elle ne quitta plus depuis. Ainsi, la Saskatchewan acquit le visage toponymique qu'on lui connaît aujourd'hui. Plus encore que de retracer l'histoire de la toponymie française en Saskatchewan, ce qu'elle devint, ce qu'il nous en est resté, la présente étude tente d'en suivre et d'en caractériser l'évolution, d'en saisir la dynamique dans un contexte de contact des langues. Elle poursuit aussi l'ambition de rendre compte de sa diversité constitutive, de ses multiples traits acquis au fil du temps et de définir les entraves linguistiques et culturelles à la saisie de ce patrimoine en situation multilingue, mais largement dominée par une seule langue, l'anglais. Pour y parvenir, une base de données toponymique relationnelle a été constituée pour permettre le traitement statistique des résultats d'une enquête documentaire qui nous aura permis de réunir près de 2 500 toponymes d'origine et d'influence française sur le sol saskatchewannais. Au terme de ce parcours, on est à même de constater que la toponymie officielle d'origine et d'influence françaises en Saskatchewan ne représente qu'une partie seulement de l'ensemble de celle qui fut en usage depuis l'origine de la présence française sur ce territoire; que cette toponymie se distingue sous plusieurs rapports de celle observable au Québec, lieu d'origine ancestrale de la majorité des habitants d'expression française en Saskatchewan; enfin, que la toponymie « française », aussi nommée fransaskoise, vue sous l'angle d'un héritage identitaire, échappe en très large partie à ses « destinataires ». Cet état de fait illustre, par ricochet, la marginalisation du français dans l'Ouest canadien et la fragilité de la toponymie comme point d'appui pouvant servir à l'édification d'une identité fransaskoise. / For over two hundred and fifty years, the "French in America" have trodden the Canadian soil that we also know as Saskatchewan. They have left their tracks. One of those tracks is the toponymy of the region. The oldest place names bearing the stamp of the French language in Western Canada date back to the French regime. This period was followed by the English conquest, after which the fur trade, a prime mover of the economy and of discovery, recommenced on the initiative of merchants in Montréal and Québec. The merchants were powerfully supported by the Voyageurs, those famously indefatigable paddlers; and the great majority of whom were French-speaking. Together they returned to the Western trails; once more they reached the banks of the Saskatchewan River, then traveled even farther north. Everywhere they went, they scattered names in their own image and in that of the Amerindian inhabitants they were coming to meet. In Saskatchewan, certain place names associated with locations that were often remarkable on account of their size, immortalize the memory of the traders' passage. Before fading into the recesses of history, the Voyageurs and their Amerindian wives gave rise to the Métis nation. That nation took over from the Voyageurs, and in many places they kept the French names they had inherited from their fathers. The Métis were evangelized by missionaries who were mostly French and Catholic. Just a few decades later, came the sudden massive colonization of the West. The influx of European settlers had a huge effect on the countryside and on the toponymy of Saskatchewan. The province was studded with a multitude of new place names, pushing many of the French ones, considered obsolete from then on, into the dark crannies of memory and old documents. The English language stepped into a dominant position and has not yielded it since; thus, Saskatchewan took on the toponymic aspect we see today. This study seeks not so much to retrace the history of French toponymy in Saskatchewan, to see what happened to it and what is left of it, as to follow and describe its evolution and to capture the dynamics of that evolution in the context of linguistic contact. It also seeks to develop awareness of the diversity of the constituent elements of that toponymy and of the multiple characteristics it has acquired over time. Finally, it seeks to define the linguistic and cultural obstacles that limit our grasp of this heritage in a situation in which many languages coexist, but only one (English) dominates. In order for these objectives to be achieved, a relational toponymic database was developed that allows the statistical treatment of a documentary study; this, in turn, has permitted us to list nearly 2,500 Saskatchewan place names originating from or influenced by the French language. At the end of the study, we are in a position to realize : that the official list of Saskatchewan place names originating from or influenced by the French language represents only a fraction of the whole toponymy in use from the beginnings of French presence in this territory; that this toponymy differs in many ways from the one we can observe in Québec, the ancestral home of most French-speaking inhabitants of Saskatchewan; and finally, that the "French" toponymy, also called "toponymie fransaskoise", looked at as a heritage helping to define an identity, largely escapes the intended recipients. This state of affairs indirectly shows the degree of marginalization of French in Western Canada as well as the fragility of toponymy as keystone of a Franco-Saskatchewanian identity or "une identité fransaskoise".

Traditional histories of Canadian education pursue an east/west perspective, with progress accompanying settlement westward from Ontario. This history of Saskatchewan education posits, instead, a north-south perspective, embracing the US cultural routes for the province’s educational development from 1905 until 1937. I emphasize the transplantation of US Midwestern and Plains culture to the province of Saskatchewan through cultural transfer of agrarian movements, political forms of revolt, and through adopting shared meanings of democracy and the relationship of the West relative to the East. Physiographic similarities between Saskatchewan and the American Plains fostered similar moralistic political cultures and largely identical solutions to identical problems. This larger cultural transfer facilitated developments in Saskatchewan K-12 education that paralleled movements in the US milieu through appropriating into the province’s system of schooling American teachers into classrooms, American school textbooks, teacher training textbooks written in the US, and through the pursuit of American graduate training by Saskatchewan Normal School instructors. This resulted in the articulation in the US and Saskatchewan of a “rural school problem,” consolidation as its only solution, and the transplantation of a language of school reform identified by Herbert Kliebard as “social efficiency.” The invitation issued by the government of Saskatchewan in 1917 to an American expert on rural schooling, Harold Foght, to survey the province’s system of schooling and make recommendations for its reform, marked a high point in American influence in the province of Saskatchewan’s system of schooling. In higher education the province’s sole university, the University of Saskatchewan, mirrored even more closely American Midwestern and Plains models. Essentially, the U of S was a transplanted version of the University of Wisconsin. Under the guidance of the University’s first President, Walter C. Murray, the “Wisconsin idea” permeated the practice and meaning of his University. His persistent pursuit of Carnegie Foundation financial support throughout his tenure meant Murray had to pattern his university after its American antecedents. Though Murray largely failed to gain substantial financial support for the U of S, the result was a university identical to many American land grant and public universities.

In an attempt to eradicate biases in substantive law and evidentiary procedures, legislative changes were implemented for sexual offences in 1983. Historically, biases in rape law had resulted in high attrition of cases at each stage of criminal justice processing, low conviction rates, and poor treatment of victims. The new legislation, which included the introduction of the offence 'sexual assault', was designed to emphasize the violent nature of sexual aggression rather than the sexual nature.<p> Law reform, however, is influenced by the response of the criminal justice personnel who must implement the new legislation. Judges are critical personnel within this framework because they both implement the reform in individual court cases and interpret the meaning of the new law. It is critical, therefore, to examine judicial understanding of the social, political, and economic meaning of the law, and more specifically, to examine their understanding of the nature of sexual violence.<p> Using a content analysis of 109 'remarks at sentencing', this study examines the impact of the 1983 reform on judicial definitions of sexual violence. The sentencing 'transcripts' are drawn from 66 sexual offence cases heard at the Court of Appeal for Saskatchewan between 1975-1988. Transcripts are analyzed for the absence or presence of references to each of 9 themes (violence, coercion, physical impact of the offence on the victim, psychological impact of the offence on the victim, breach of trust, the significance of penetration, the accused's criminal history, the role of alcohol or drug abuse, and the accused's control over his sexual drive). Each theme reflects an influential variable in judicial decision-making concerning sexual offences.<p> The results of the study indicated that since 1983,frequently and suggest that judges are attempting to reflect the 3 tier classification of sexual assault outlined in the new legislation. At the same time, however, judicial definitions of these variables continue to reflect stereotypes and myths associated with sexual violence. Judicial responses to sexual violence tend to minimize the culpability of sexual offenders and to minimize the seriousness of the offence. One of the most significant findings was that the 'sexual' element continues to dominate judicial definitions of sexual aggression rather than the 'violent' element. This emphasis implies that 'coercive' sexual acts have the same sexual character as 'consensual' sexual acts.<p> It appears, therefore, that the reform has been unsuccessful in meeting its objectives at the judicial level. However, the small change which has occurred may lay the groundwork for further change in the future.

The intention of this work is to explore how Aboriginal learners are produced in the Saskatchewan Adult Basic Education (ABE) curriculum. In addition, this study examines the production of instructor identities in the curriculum. This thesis explores the social and historical contexts influencing the production of the ABE curriculum. Current prevailing discourses about Aboriginal people influence the curriculum documents. These discourses construct a grand narrative about Aboriginal people, producing Aboriginal people in particular ways that become acceptable and legitimate ways of thinking about and behaving toward Aboriginal people. This work examines how such a grand narrative functions to uphold dominance and structural inequalities rather than challenge them. The effect of reinforcing the current, particular grand narrative about Aboriginal people is that, rather than challenge dominant ideologies, the new curriculum re-inscribes them. This work employs the methodology of discourse analysis as a means of examining the production of particular identities for Aboriginal learners in ABE and uses deconstruction to explore the ways that the documents betray themselves in relation to their objectives. This thesis provides analysis of the ways that the curriculum documents produce and reproduce Aboriginal people as deficient and requiring change. This work provides analysis of the conflict within the documents between a desire to challenge dominance and the re-inscription of dominance through discursive practices. In addition, this work demonstrates how the ABE curriculum aids in the production of dominant instructor identities, and how such dominant identities assist instructors to define themselves as innocent and helpful. This analysis of the ABE curriculum reveals that while the curriculum aspires to be a proponent of social justice for Aboriginal learners it has many weaknesses in this regard. This work concludes with recommendations for changes to the curriculum and instructor practices, and for further critical analysis.