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The Kushano-Sassanian episode : cultural cross-currents in Bactria, A.D. 225 - 375Bivar, A. D. H. January 1956 (has links)
No description available.
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Sassanian succession struggles : an analysis of the legitimisation practices of early seventh eentury Sassanian rulers in comparison with their predecessorsVollgraaff, Carel Stephanus 04 1900 (has links)
Thesis (MA)--Stellenbosch University, 2015. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: From 628 CE to 632 CE, in the late Sassanian period, there were possibly eleven royal
successors to the Sassanian throne. This indicates instability and that the Sassanian dynasty
was politically weakened. A succession crisis had developed. This study presents an attempt
to understand one aspect of the political milieu of the succession crisis period, namely the
legitimisation practices of the late Sassanian rulers. Therefore, the tools that were used for
legitimisation by the Sassanian monarchs from the succession crisis period, and how they
were used, are investigated. To better understand how the legitimisation tools available to
Sassanian monarchs developed the political techniques used by the succession crisis
monarchs will be compared with the early Sassanian monarchs of 224 CE to 302 CE
(Ardashir 1, Shapur I, Hormizd I, Wahram I, Wahram II, Wahram III and Narseh). The
comparison contributes to an improved understanding of the 7th century Sassanian succession
struggles by tracking the changes in the techniques and practices Sassanian rulers utilised in
the Empire to legitimise their rule. Such changes are rooted in the wider politico-historical
contexts within which the Sassanian monarchs excercised their authority. The study will open
with an investigation of the major political events of the 7th century CE that had an effect on
the succession struggles and political events in the Sassanian Empire. One of the primary
sources that are used is The History of Prophets and Kings by the 10th century CE Arabic
historian Jarir al-Tabari. Physical evidence of the Sassanian monarchs like coinage, rock
reliefs and silver bowls will also be used as primary sources and analysed to better
understand the propaganda used by the Sassanian monarchs. The material propaganda
techniques used by Sassanian monarchs from the early period and late period changed. The
reasons behind the changes are highlighted and these reasons are furthermore explained. The
study concludes that the Sassanian monarchs from the succession crisis period had a
shrinking pool of legitimisation resources and that they had to legitimise their rule in a short
period of time in view of internal opposition. As a result, the Sassanian monarchs from the
period focused on legitimisation techniques that were not a drain on resources and could
quickly influence the perception of people. The political legitimisation of the last Sassanian
monarchs ultimately failed though as the Sassanian dynasty only continued to reign for
another 23 years after 628 CE. The failure of the legitimisation of the Sassanian dynasty
could be largely attributed to the internal opposition and the damaging war against the
Byzantine Empire. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: In die tydperk tussen 628 tot 632 n.C was daar na bewering elf troonopvolgers in die
Sassaniede Ryk. Dit illustreer die politieke onstabiliteit in die Sassaniede Ryk op daardie
tydstip, n troonopvolgingskrisis het ontwikkel. In die studie word n poging van stapel
gestuur om een aspek van die politieke milieu van die tydperk te verstaan, die
legitimasiepraktyke van die laat Sassaniede heersers. Die hulpbronne tot die beskikking van
die Sassaniede konings wat ingespan is om hulle regerings populariteit te gee word daarom
ondersoek. Om die ontwikkeling van die legitimeringspraktyke beter te verstaan word die
praktyke van die troonopvolgingskrisis konings vergelyk met die tegnieke van die vroeë
Sassaniede konings van die tydperk 224 n.C. tot 302 n.C. (Ardashir I, Shapur I, Hormizd I,
Wahram I, Wahram II, Wahram III and Narseh). Die vergelyking dien as n beginpunt om die
Sassanied troonopvolgingskrisis beter te verstaan en om die veranderings van die
legitimeringspraktyke te identifiseer. Sulke veranderings is gegrond in die wyer politieshistoriese
konteks waarin die Sassanied konings hul mag uitgeoefen het. Die studie
ondersoek eerstens die belangrike politieke gebeure van die 7de eeu n.C. wat n effek op die
troonopvolgingskrisis en politieke aspekte van die Sassaniede Ryk gehad het. Een van die
primêre bronne waarvan die studie gebruik maak, is The History of Prophets and Kings van
die 10de eeuse n.C. Arabiese geskiedkundige Jarir al-Tabari. Ander primêre bronne wat
gebruik word, sluit in muntstukke, rotsreliëfs en silwer bakke wat analiseer word om beter te
verstaan hoe die produkte gebruik is as propaganda. Die legitimeringspraktyke en propaganda
het n verandering ondergaan van die vroeë typerk tot die laat tydperk. Die redes vir die
verandering word identifiseer en ‘n verduideliking vir die redes word aangebied. Die studie
maak die gevolgtrekking dat die Sassaniede konings van die troonopvolgingskrisis tydperk
minder hulpbronne tot hul beskikking gehad het en dat hulle hul blitsig moes regverdig
vanweë interne teenkanting. As gevolg van hierdie faktore het die Sassaniede konings
propaganda verkies wat nie te veel van hul hulpbronne gebruik het nie en ook mense baie
vininig beïnvloed het. Die politieke programme van die laat Sassaniede het uiteindelik
misluk. Die Sassanidiese dinastie het net vir nog 23 jaar na 628 n.C. geheers. Die uiteindelike
mislukking van die politieke regverdigings programme van die laat Sassaniede kan grootliks
verbind word aan die sterk interne teenstand en die effek wat die oorlog teen die Bisantynse
Ryk gehad het.
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L'évolution de la représentation des Perses Sassanides dans les sources écrites de l'Antiquité tardive, d'Ammien Marcellin à Procope de CésaréeWeyland, Raphaël 12 1900 (has links)
Ce mémoire explore le lien entre les relations politiques entretenues par l’empire romain et le royaume sassanide et la représentation que faisaient des Perses les auteurs de l’antiquité tardive. Une tradition littéraire défavorable aux orientaux est en effet perceptible tout au long de l’antiquité : les Perses, notamment, sont ainsi cruels, lâches, efféminés, paresseux et perfides. Ces topoi, dont les racines se retrouvent dès le 5e siècle avant J.-C., évoluent-ils à la fin de l’antiquité, lorsque la puissance des Sassanides rivalise avec celle des empereurs? S’appuyant sur les travaux des dernières années sur l’altérité et sur l’ethnographie antique, ce mémoire s’efforce d’autre part de mieux comprendre les Romains en eux-mêmes en faisant l’analyse de leur rapport à leurs voisins. / This dissertation is interested in the connection between romano-persian political relations and the way written sources presented the Sassanids during late antiquity. Antique tradition had indeed been quite biased towards the Orientals: Persians in particular are usually described as cruels, cowardly, effeminates, lazy, toady and treacherous. Are these topoi, noticeable from the 5th century B.C., evolving during the 4th-6th centuries A.D., when the Sassanid kingdom is causing so many problems on the eastern frontier? Using anthropological tools and up-to-date publications on alterity and ancient ethnography, this essay strives to attain a better understanding of the Romans through the study of the way they presented their neighbors.
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State and aristocracy in the Sasanian EmpireBagot, David John January 2015 (has links)
This thesis aims to consider the competing visions of Sasanian Iran advanced by Arthur Christensen in ‘L'Iran sous les Sassanides' (1944) and Parvaneh Pourshariati in ‘Decline and Fall of the Sasanian Empire' (2008), discuss the relevant evidence in relation to their arguments, and to suggest our own theory of how the Sasanian Empire operated. Christensen argued for the strength of the Sasanian monarchy and the subservience of the aristocracy to the kings, whilst Pourshariati's thesis stressed Sasanian royal weakness and the relative power of the aristocracy. These theses are incompatible, offering fundamentally different conceptions of the natures of the Sasanian monarchy and aristocracy, and how they interacted with each other. Firstly, this thesis critiques the models established by Christensen and Pourshariati, especially their failure to acknowledge evidence at variance with their thesis, and their lack of discussion concerning how the aristocracy perceived their relationship with the monarchy. We then turn to our own discussion of the evidence relating to the Sasanian monarchy and royal power, and the cultural outlook of the aristocracy, with reference to the above theories, so as to understand how strong the Sasanian monarchy was, the nature of royal power, and how the aristocracy perceived their relationship with the crown. We argue for a conception of Sasanian Iran somewhere between the theories of Christensen and Pourshariati. There is very little evidence that the Sasanian kings ruled through a state enjoying significant institutional power; indeed Sasanian power seems very limited in the periphery of the Empire. However, the inherent respect for the monarchy held by the aristocracy, and the ties of mutual dependence which existed between kings and aristocrats, allowed for Sasanian rule to in general be highly effective.
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