Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison, 1980. / Typescript. Vita. eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 263-270).

Thesis (M.C.M.) -- Lincoln University, 2006. / Also available via the World Wide Web.

South Africa is pro-consumption and as a result, the level of saving has declined. This research focused on savings by household sector. The study started by assessing the reasons for the high consumption culture and a nonexistent savings culture in South Africa. The second question was to review the initiatives by government, corporate sector (especially financial institutions), and the South African Savings Institute, to encourage savings culture within South Africa. The methodologies followed were an unstructured interview with an industry expert, focus group and survey. The research concludes by highlighting the need for education on saving at basic levels, the initiatives by government to cater for all different LSMs. / Dissertation (MBA)--University of Pretoria, 2010. / Gordon Institute of Business Science (GIBS) / unrestricted

M.Comm. (Economics) / The purpose of this study is to examine the pattern of gross domestic saving in South Africa. This study looks at gross domestic saving in South Africa in general and the trends of its components in particular. It addresses the impacts of internal and external policies on the disaggregated domestic saving in South Africa. This is done with the aim of establishing the channels through which these policies influence the components of South Africa’s domestic saving. This study focuses on current economic literature while examining gross domestic saving and its attributes. A brief discussion of gross domestic saving on emerging market region puts sub-Saharan Africa’s gross domestic saving, particularly that of South Africa, into perspective. Hence, the developments in South Africa’s domestic saving are compared with those of some selected countries. An analysis of gross domestic saving in South Africa for the period 1970 to 2004 indicates a long-run downward pattern. The disaggregated domestic saving in South Africa shows that although three components contributed to the decline in South Africa’s domestic saving, the public sector appeared to be the main culprit in the decline. Thus, the net saving by the government had been negative since early 1980. The study observes that the patterns of saving of the three components are influenced by both internal and external factors. iv These internal and external factors are made up of fiscal and monetary policies, and the balance of payments. Without over-emphasising the importance of gross domestic saving in any economy, it is crucial for South Africa to encourage a positive saving culture for improvement in meaningful domestic investment for long-term economic growth. This study, therefore, suggests that in a developing economy like the South African economy, a positive saving attitude could be encouraged through the use of internal and external policies. Hence, the positive impact of internal and external factors could motivate all stakeholders in gross domestic saving to seize any available opportunity to boost their savings, thereby raising South Africa’s gross domestic saving.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Hawaii at Manoa, 2004. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 186-194).

Digitized by Kansas Correctional Industries

Along with higher data rates and application-enriched user terminals, LTE has even higher requirements to conserve the battery power in mobile devices compared to the WCDMA terminals. In LTE, Discontinuous Reception (DRX) has been introduced as one of the key solutions to conserve battery power in mobile terminal. It is very meaningful to investigate the possible impact of DRX on power consumption and also the VoIP performance. This study evaluates several different parameter settings for DRX, and tries to find a reasonable trade-off between VoIP performance and battery life. This study report proposes DRX parameter setting to achieve maximum possible power saving with minimum VoIP degradation. Based on the assumed power saving model and simulation scenario presented in chapter 4 and chapter 5 of this report respectively, the proposed parameter settings can achieve up to ~60% of the terminal power saving. Furthermore, it is concluded that longer DRX cycles are not suitable for VoIP traffic since they introduces longer delays and degrades the VoIP performance particularly in downlink. / This study has evaluated different DRX parameter settings for VoIP traffic both in uplink and downlink and found out different gains in terms of power saving and network performance. It is shown that key parameters include On-duration Timer, Inactivity Timer and length of DRX cycle. These three parameters have major impact on both VoIP and power saving. Different combinations of these parameters show different results. DRX affects downlink and uplink in a different manner. In the downlink, a user cannot be scheduled and thus receive any DL data during the period of inactivity. Downlink assignments can only be sent when receiving UE is awake. This is one reason that length of DRX cycle and length of On-duration period is more important parameters in downlink. It is found out that increasing the length of DRX cycle, keeping relatively constant average awake time of terminal, introduces larger delays in downlink and thus degrades the performance. On the other hand, uplink is affected by DRX only when there is fragmentation. In uplink, whenever a user has available data it can a scheduling request, which is independent of DRX state and can be sent even if UE is sleeping, and thus can get UL scheduling grant. However, if the grant is fragmented, UE might not always be able to receive remaining fragments due to DRX state. That is why Inactivity Timer plays a more important role in UL. If poor radio conditions are expected, it is important to have larger Inactivity Timer period. From the power saving point of view, the length of On-duration Timer and Inactivity Timer should be chosen as smaller as possible. However, these parameters should not be reduced below a certain threshold. For example reducing On-duration Timer below 2ms shows a major degradation in VoIP performance while not showing a comparable gain in receiver power. This study has proposed a DRX parameter setting to achieve maximum power saving with minimum VoIP degradation. Based on the assumed power saving model and the simulation settings presented in chapter 4 and chapter 5 of this report respectively, the proposed DRX settings show that ~60% of total power can be saved while keeping the VoIP capacity loss <= 12%. / This thesis is about battery saving in LTE

A prototype computer based expert system has been developed to aid energy managers by speeding the energy auditing process and rapidly identifying potential low cost and fast pay-back energy saving investments for a wide range of businesses. It consists of a generally applicable energy management system based on sound, tried theory and practical experience gained from a number of energy management surveys. These surveys were used to identify key data requirements for the identification of common areas of wastage. The system uses sparse data analysis and the building energy signature model. It produces an entire energy audit and list of economic recommendations for a site based upon minimal input data. This is accomplished by reference to a number of internal databases containing the technical information required, as well as the entire set of algorithms and mathematical routines required for the analyses. The prototype was tested with a synthetic data set derived from the site surveys and with real data from a large tertiary college and it was found to give credible results in line with those produced by extensive and in-depth manual data-gathering and analysis.

No description available.

M.Comm. / Household savings is an important instrument for any economy and is also a crucial determinant of welfare in developing countries. This study investigates the determinants of household savings in South Africa and the factors that influences the current declines experienced in household savings. Household variables such as household income, expenditure, debt, as well as interest rates were analysed using trends to reveal their specific effect to the overall household savings. The Permanent Income Hypothesis emphasises the notion that people save because they expect a decline in their future income, meaning that savings should be a good predictor of a decline in income. Cointegration analysis on South African Reserve Bank data from 1990Q1 to 2009Q3 was conducted and results revealed that with all variables included, household income is the main determinant of household savings in South Africa. Impulse response functions, variance decomposition functions, as well as the granger-causality test were performed and results showed that household income remains the main determinant of household savings.