The 1984 Auditor Genera1's report on energy~thrift in the Health Service claimed that energy~thrift programmes in hospitals were not achieving their performance targets. In order to determine the reasons for this failure, twenty hospital energy~audits were analysed. It was discovered that the two principle factors impairing the performance werez- (a) The thermal conflict between thrift measures implemented on the same thermal system, and, (b) inefficient implementation strategies. In order to investigate the influences of thermal conflict and implementation strategy on the out~comes of energy~thrift programmes,four objectives were defined:~ (i) To develop a computer model which was capable of simultaneously thermally modelling the implementation of energy-thrift measures on several hospital sites. (ii) To use the model to predict the thermal and financial out~comes of various implementation strategies. (iii) To test the sensitivity of the outrcomes to changes of unit fuel prices and capital costs, and, (iv) to compare the predicted results with those actually obtained. Data from four hospital sites and ninety thrift measures were entered into the model for analysis. It was deduced that a law of diminishing returns existed between capital investment and annual savings and that thermal conflict was responsible for an average annual financial loss of 15.5%. The financial returns on the capital invested were considerably enhanced (in one case by 3ÖØ%) by spreading the financial resources over all four sites rather than by concentrating the same capital outlay on a single site. Furthermore it was discovered that there was a level of capital investment that yielded an optimal net present value over the selected project life. The programmes were more sensitive to reductions of unit fuel prices than increases of capital costs. Most of the thrift programmes remained viable (N.B. N.P.V. > Ø using the public sector discount rate _of 5% and a project life of 5 years) after the unit fuel prices had been reduced by 5Ø% of their 1985 levels. When the results of the implemented programmes were compared with the models' predictions, the accuracy of the estimated savings ranged from a 4.5% under-estimate t 2.5% over-estimate. The software was designed to find the best-fit Ventilation rate and`base temperature for each hospital site and for each thermal zone within the hospital. When the post-implementation assessments of overall air-change rate and site base temperature were compared with those predicted, the model detected changes closely matching the predictions. â The results indicated that the technique developed in this thesis has potential as a monitoring and targeting system as well as a thermal model for predicting the out- comes of energy-thrift programmes.

<p>The building was selected for a detailed study of heating consumption that is located in the city of Gävle and the top fifth energy consumption in this city in 2006. Classrooms, workshops, offices and a restaurant with kitchen compose the building of two floors.The aim of this thesis is to design the best approach to reduce consumption and achieve a high efficiency of energy utilization in these companies. The project is going to optimize the system.Series of measurements are taken to achieve the heat losses. The heat losses are calculated through the building in the first step. Afterwards, with the result of ventilation, heating and electrical usage an energy balance is made to calculate the efficiency of the installation through the building envelop.It is to study the indoor climate within a building, as well as energy consumption for the entire building. In addition, it is also used to measure the temperature of ventilation systems and check the schedule of air supply.Analyze the result of the value that is measured. Improve some part of this building that reduces the heating consumption.At last give some suggestion like construction a new roof reduce the heat loss and change some door that is not correct in the building.</p>

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Ohio State University, 2006. / Title from first page of PDF file. Includes bibliographical references (p. 126-136).

The building was selected for a detailed study of heating consumption that is located in the city of Gävle and the top fifth energy consumption in this city in 2006. Classrooms, workshops, offices and a restaurant with kitchen compose the building of two floors.The aim of this thesis is to design the best approach to reduce consumption and achieve a high efficiency of energy utilization in these companies. The project is going to optimize the system.Series of measurements are taken to achieve the heat losses. The heat losses are calculated through the building in the first step. Afterwards, with the result of ventilation, heating and electrical usage an energy balance is made to calculate the efficiency of the installation through the building envelop.It is to study the indoor climate within a building, as well as energy consumption for the entire building. In addition, it is also used to measure the temperature of ventilation systems and check the schedule of air supply.Analyze the result of the value that is measured. Improve some part of this building that reduces the heating consumption.At last give some suggestion like construction a new roof reduce the heat loss and change some door that is not correct in the building.

Langford Building A forms part of the Langford Architectural Complex at Texas A & M University. Inefficient lighting fixtures and single pane windows in Langford Building A contribute to a considerable portion of the total cost of energy for this building. In the Southwestern United States, a building's windows can be responsible for a significant loss of energy. The windows and inefficient light bulbs can result in high utility costs and high labor charges from more frequent lighting maintenance than that required for efficient lighting. In Langford Building A, window system energy efficiency has not been improved since the building was constructed in 1977. This paper investigates the economic feasibility of using efficient lighting and window systems in Langford Building A. The cost for windows and new lighting tubes was analyzed and compared by using Life Cycle Cost Analysis. The payback periods, determined in this analysis, showed that more efficient lighting and window systems would reduce costs. As results of this analysis, the window film and LED lighting tube reduce building life cycle cost and short payback periods than other alternatives.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Nebraska-Lincoln, 2009. / Title from title screen (site viewed March 2, 2010). PDF text: 1 v. (ca. 140 p.) : ill. UMI publication number: AAT 3378621. Includes bibliographical references. Also available in microfilm and microfiche formats.

Thesis (M.A.)--Si li Zhongguo wen hua xue yuan jia zheng yan jiu suo. / Cover title. Includes bibliographical references.

Delay Tolerant Network (DTN) is emerging as a solution for supporting data transfer in intermittently connected networks. In DTN, to cope with long disconnections, messages are buffered for a long period of time. Thus, according to the queue management the performance can be affected significantly. Power is also a scarce resource in DTN. Energy can be saved by putting mobile nodes into sleep during long delayed connections. In this thesis, a Medium Access Control (MAC) protocol that supports adaptive sleep scheduling of a mobile node is proposed. Based on the MAC layer operation, an adaptive power management framework is developed. The framework considers power saving and buffer management together in order to minimize power consumption while minimizing the performance degradation of buffer management for the mobile node. Variations of the performance of a traffic source node which are affected by diverse network parameters are also investigated.

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In recent years, the excessive emission of greenhouse gas CO2, it causing globalwarming, already poses a serious threat to human survival. The problem catches theattention all over the world, and promoting the development of building energyefficiency. In order to the sustainable development of human beings, in 1992 theUnited Nations framework convention on climate change (UFCCC) organizationpublished the Kyoto protocol. In the Kyoto protocol, the European countriescommitted that during 2008 and 2012 they would reduce the amount of greenhouseemissions to 8% compare to 1990.[2] Building envelope technologies can helphouseholder reduce the energy consumption use in the building. Building envelopetechnologies used in the project Brogåden – Alingsås which save the energyconsumption from 204 kWh/ m2a to 95 kWh/ m2a in Sweden. While the cost just838SEK/m² or 8% of the total building costs. In China the envelope technologies usedin the project student apartment in Shandong building university save the energyconsumption about 72% compare with the old student apartments.