Background: Abortion continues to be stigmatized in Ghana even though Ghana has one of the most liberal abortion laws in West Africa. This stigmatization discourages women from having safe abortion and discourages the health care professionals to provide services for abortion. The recruitment of healthcare providers is therefore marginalized, isolated and difficult. Aim: The aim of the study is to describe the healthcare professionals’ experiences of working with the abortion care in Ghana. Method: Five qualitative, semi-structured interviews were conducted with healthcare professionals working at two different governmentally owned hospitals in Ghana. The findings were analysed with qualitative content analysis. Results: Four main themes emerged in this study describing healthcare professionals’ experiences of working with abortion care in Ghana; Context, Nursing care, Challenges and Saving lives. The healthcare professionals work is stigmatized and challenging but the best part of their profession was helping adolescents, families and saving lives. Conclusion: To save lives, enhance the working situation for the healthcare professionals and to reduce stigma, education and better working environment is necessary. / Bakgrund: Abort fortsätter att vara stigmatiserat i Ghana trots att Ghana har en av de mest liberala abortlagarna i Väst Afrika. Stigman avskräcker kvinnor från säker abort och hindrar hälso- sjukvårdspersonalen att tillhandahålla tjänsten för abort. Anställingen av hälso-sjukvårdspersonalen är därför marginaliserad, begränsad och svår. Syfte: Att beskriva hälso-sjukvårdspersonalens erfarenheter av att arbeta med abortvården i Ghana. Metod: Fem kvalitativa, semi-strukturerade intervjuer utfördes med hälso-sjukvårdspersonal från två olika sjukhus i Ghana. Kvalitativ innehållsanalys användes för att analysera insamlad data. Resultat: Hälso-sjukvårdspersonalens erfarenheter och åsikter om att arbeta med abortvård beskrevs med fem huvudteman: Kontext, Omvårdnad, Utmaningar och Rädda liv. Hälso-sjukvårdspersonalens arbete är stigmatiserat och utmanande men den bästa delen av deras profession var att hjälpa ungdomar, familjer och att rädda liv. Slutsats: För att kunna rädda liv, förbättra arbetssituationen för hälsosjukvårdspersonalen och för att minska stigman är utbildning och bättre arbetsmiljö nödvändigt.

Using 2002-2006 Household Budget Survey, this thesis investigates the income, consumption and saving dynamics of Turkish households within a life-cycle theory framework by employing cross-sectional analyses and cohort techniques. Cohort techniques are used not only to analyze these variables, but also to investigate the demographics and components of income and consumption. The analyses are deepened by dividing the sample according to the location of the households (urban-rural areas), and significant differences are found between urban and rural households, especially in terms of saving behaviors. Income, consumption and savings of formal and informal households are also investigated. Analyzing these households provides information regarding the precautionary saving since the higher income uncertainty of the informal households is expected to force them for extra saving due to precautionary motive. Finally, the life-cycle model and the precautionary saving hypothesis are tested by estimating log-linearized Euler equations. In the test of precautionary saving hypothesis, formal-informal data are used as a proxy for the risk variable. According to the estimation results, the predictions of the life-cycle model do not hold for Turkey but there is no evidence that this is due to precautionary saving.