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The aim of this study was to determine whether the South African household sector finds itself in a net lending or net borrowing situation and to analyse the situation. Research was done against the background of the 1993 System of National Accounts (1993 SNA). As suggested by the 1993 SNA, the net lending situation of the South African household sector was calculated in the capital account of the household sector. It became clear that the South African household sector’s saving is in excess of its capital formation, although both components indicated a slight declining trend over the past almost thirty years. Current economic literature was used in focusing on household sector saving and capital formation definitions, categories, motivations and determinants. International situations with regards to saving and capital formation were also compared with that of South Africa, putting the South African situation into perspective. An econometric analysis of net household saving in South Africa for the period 1991 to 2002 indicated five factors that significantly influenced household sector saving over the period. The five factors comprise the income from property, the twelve-month fixed deposit rate, current taxes on income and wealth, compensation of employees and total private consumption expenditure. Making use of further data sets, it became clear that the South African government sector uses the household sector’s excess saving to finance increased current expenditure and does not channel these excess funds towards increased capital formation that would be beneficial for long-term economic growth. This study therefore suggested that the South African household sector should be encouraged to act entrepreneurial, which will lead to increased levels of capital formation, that will in turn contribute to long-term growth, and that can be financed by the current excess saving levels of the household sector. Increased capital formation will lead to increases in productivity and income. This will then enable the household sector to raise its level of saving, that again can be used to finance increased levels of capital formation. The five factors that tested significantly influencing household sector saving in South Africa, were linked to possible policy as well as other initiatives aimed at encouraging household sector saving and capital formation in South Africa. This study concluded by briefly discussing three initiatives currently encouraging and promoting the importance of saving in South Africa. / Prof. A.E. Loots

Thesis. 1977. Ph.D.--Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Dept. of Economics. / MICROFICHE COPY AVAILABLE IN ARCHIVES AND DEWEY. / Vita. / Bibliography : leaves 130-133. / Ph.D.

<p>The ongoing global recession has made the economy widely discussed in recent months. As individuals, who are part of, and affected by what is happening in the global economy, we found it interesting to investigate the current financial situation on a more individual and personal level. We intended to find out more about personal financial advising, how it is conducted and what the financial advisors suggest we do with our money today. Is it best to stick the money under the mattress or has the current financial situation brought on a perfect opportunity invest money in the financial markets?</p><p>We hope to find patterns on how financial advisors recommend that we save and invest our money today. Also, we want to investigate what these recommendations are based on and how these financial advisors work to present these advices. We intend to look for similarities within the branch in the advising process, as well as the outcome of the process in order to create guidelines for saving and investment.</p><p>We intended to answer these questions by conducting a qualitative study where we interviewed six financial advisors at three different financial institutions. We take on a constructionist ontological position assuming that reality is constructed by the perception of social actors. Furthermore, we have taken an interpretivistic epistemological stance that view knowledge based on interpretations, and try to understand the world from the research subjects' point of view.</p><p>We utilized a number of theories in order to support and build our study. These theories were used in order to help us construct and conduct our collection methods of primary data, and further used to aid us in analyzing the interview findings.</p><p>Analyzing the empirical results we learned that the basis in the financial advising process is fairly standardized within the branch. First, personal and financial information is gathered in order to assess the client's unique situation, followed by the creation of a risk profile, which is very important according to the respondents. Even though the study shows that there are different methods to collect this information and create these profiles, the patterns show that all institutions work around the same concept, that every client is an individual that needs to be assessed as unique. We also learned that the financial crisis have not had a significant impact on the financial advising itself, but rather in the attitudes of the clients. Furthermore, the increased level of documentation due to the new laws is the only evident change, with minor signs of an increased protection for both the advisor and the client. Finally, conclusions about saving and investment today were drawn by finding patterns and common denominators between the respondents advices for the individual profiles created for this study.</p>

<p>This research gives an insight into the difficulties found to handle logistics and presents solution to manage logistics saving costs without sacrificing customer satisfaction.</p>

This research gives an insight into the difficulties found to handle logistics and presents solution to manage logistics saving costs without sacrificing customer satisfaction.

The ongoing global recession has made the economy widely discussed in recent months. As individuals, who are part of, and affected by what is happening in the global economy, we found it interesting to investigate the current financial situation on a more individual and personal level. We intended to find out more about personal financial advising, how it is conducted and what the financial advisors suggest we do with our money today. Is it best to stick the money under the mattress or has the current financial situation brought on a perfect opportunity invest money in the financial markets? We hope to find patterns on how financial advisors recommend that we save and invest our money today. Also, we want to investigate what these recommendations are based on and how these financial advisors work to present these advices. We intend to look for similarities within the branch in the advising process, as well as the outcome of the process in order to create guidelines for saving and investment. We intended to answer these questions by conducting a qualitative study where we interviewed six financial advisors at three different financial institutions. We take on a constructionist ontological position assuming that reality is constructed by the perception of social actors. Furthermore, we have taken an interpretivistic epistemological stance that view knowledge based on interpretations, and try to understand the world from the research subjects' point of view. We utilized a number of theories in order to support and build our study. These theories were used in order to help us construct and conduct our collection methods of primary data, and further used to aid us in analyzing the interview findings. Analyzing the empirical results we learned that the basis in the financial advising process is fairly standardized within the branch. First, personal and financial information is gathered in order to assess the client's unique situation, followed by the creation of a risk profile, which is very important according to the respondents. Even though the study shows that there are different methods to collect this information and create these profiles, the patterns show that all institutions work around the same concept, that every client is an individual that needs to be assessed as unique. We also learned that the financial crisis have not had a significant impact on the financial advising itself, but rather in the attitudes of the clients. Furthermore, the increased level of documentation due to the new laws is the only evident change, with minor signs of an increased protection for both the advisor and the client. Finally, conclusions about saving and investment today were drawn by finding patterns and common denominators between the respondents advices for the individual profiles created for this study.

In Green Building Evaluation Indexes, the EAC has been adapted as the central HVAC system energy consumption criteria, has been assigned an energy saving factor£\4 of 0.2, despite of the actual power consumption variations existed among various system. In this study, the PILV values of specific VRV systems were utilized, so that actual energy-saving factor £\4 can be evaluated. Furthermore, being lack of the chilled water distribution system, the weighting of power consumption percentages of a VRV system has also been changed into 0.9 vs. 0.1 for the outdoor and indoor units respectively. The methodology established in this study has been justified by suing the actual VRV projects under commercial operations, which can successfully discriminate different energy efficiencies among various systems.