Temporal and spatial cognition constitute basic elements of the cognitive function. Both of these competences are important for the individual's orientation and survival and there are likely to be different interactions between them. Perception of time, unlike spatial navigation and memory, is less explored. Impairments of interval timing occur in many neurodegenera- tive and neuropsychiatric disorders. According to current studies it is evident that timing is impaired even in patients with schizophrenia, but the results are still ambiguous. The aim of our work was to test the AAPA task in the time-place integration in the ani- mal model of schizophrenia. In the future, it could help to clarify the impairments of the time perception in patients with schizophrenia. In contrast to the classic AAPA task, our version included alternating of phases of light and darkness. The assumption of the experiment was that the solution of the task by rats in the dark is more dependent on the timing strategy than the solution of the task during the light, which is dependent on the spatial orientation. In the first phase of the experiment, the rats adopted both strategies - spatial (during the light phase of the session) and timing (during the dark phase). In the next phase of the experiment, we tested the animal...

The main target of this study is to identify the scales in MMPI-2 which could help the differential diagnostic process between Asperger's syndrome and schizophrenia. Adult persons with Asperger's syndrome and adult persons with schizophrenia were examined. The study has a quantitative character, concretely data mining, which offers generating and verifying hypothesis. The results show that configuration of heights of specific scales can be crucial in distinguishing between Asperger's syndrome and schizophrenia. In the concrete we expect increase in 0Si, Sc1, Pa2 and OBS along with medial T-scores in Sc6, Pa1, Psyc and Biz in protocols of people with Asperger's syndrome. People with schizophrenia have increased T-scores in Sc6, Pa1, Psyc and Biz. KEY WORDS  Asperger's syndrome  Schizophrenia  Differential diagnostic  Adulthood  MMPI-2

The relation between the intracellular parasite Toxoplasma gondii and schizophrenia was studied and confirmed in several studies. There are proofs that latent toxoplasmosis deteriorates the course of schizophrenia. The goal of this study was to clarify whether there are differences between subjectively perceived quality of life of infected and non-infected psychiatric patients. We tested men and women from the PCP treated for the diagnosis of schizophrenia, who undertook serology blood tests for detection of anamnestic T. gondii antibodies. Patients also filled out two questionaires that assessed subjectively perceived quality of life - SOS-10 and WHOQOL-BREF. Patients filled out these questionaires twice, both at the start of the study before coming to psychiatric therapeutical institution and after one year. During the first testing were the questionaires filled out by 171 persons, after one year by 108 persons. Based on the results of these tests we found out that latent toxoplasmosis had a negative impact on subjectively perceived quality of life of schizophrenia patients, particularly on infected women. On the other hand, the quality of life of non-infected patients improved during one year. The effect of toxoplasmosis on quality of life was gender related, which could be explained by already...

This thesis explores the influence of mother's mental disorder, specifically schizophrenia, on child's attachment in adulthood. In the theoretic part, basic terms of attachment theory are introduced. I describe selected methods of attachment assessment and the associated attachment types or states of mind with respect to attachment. Further on, key information on schizophrenia is presented with an emphasis on impact of schizophrenia on mother - child relationship. The following empiric part explores the form and type of attachment of children with mothers who suffer from schizophrenia and its evolution in time. I was also interested in different strategies the children employ to cope with their mother's illness. Adult Attachment Interview (AAI) is the primary method used in the research, complemented by Experiences in Close Relationships Scale (ECR) and Thematic Apperception Test (TAT). The research results show that attachment of children with schizophrenic mothers tend to be anxious, specifically anxious-avoidant and disoriented-disorganized, more often than in the general population. Mother's illness thus has negative effects on child's attachment.

The aim of this diploma thesis is to map the ideas of persons with schizophrenia about possible ways for increasing their well-being and to compare this data with the view of metal health care personnel. The theoretical part is divided in three parts. The first one describes schizophrenia, it's specifics, symptomatology, etiology and epidemiology and currently used terapeutic interventions. In the second part can be fond the topic of well-being, it's definition, the most important models and mostly it's known determinants. The third part will be dedicated to the topic of well-being of people with schizophrenia. The empirical part of the diploma thesis is designed as a qualitative research. Ten interviews were undertaken both with people with schizophrenia and with mental health care personnel. The interviews covered informations about which areas of life find persons with schizophrenia important in increasing their well-being. Similar interview about the needs od people with schizophrenia was conducted with mental health staff and the opinions of both groups were compared. The results are in detail described and compared with current literature and research. Key words: schizophrenia, well-being, social relationships, stigmatization, recovery

Public attitude towards schizophrenic people is mainly influenced by what the media presents them. Especially in cases when the public has some personal experience with people with schizophrenia. This thesis tries to find out how Czech media present people with schizophrenia. The work is divided into two parts, theoretical and practical. Beginning of the theoretical part focuses on historical context and the depiction of mental illnesses in the past. Then there follows a chapter which deals with the disease itself, therefore, the main symptoms of schizophrenia, diagnostic and classification, as well as treatment options of schizophrenia. Another chapter deals with the system of health care for people with mental illness. There are also described some possibilities of psychiatric rehabilitation and community care, as well as describing what is the state of mental health care in the Czech Republic and I try to present the information regarding very discussed question of the reform of psychiatric care. In the theoretical part the attention is focused on the society and its perception of people with schizophrenia, there are explained especially concepts as stigma, stigmatization, self-stigmatization. The last chapter covers mass media, their definition and the influence they have. In the final section of the theoretical part there are mentioned stereotypes and prejudices that appear in media in connection with people with schizophrenia and mental illness in general. The thesis main aim is to determine how the Czech media present people with schizophrenia. In the practical part I used a qualitative research strategy, which was implemented through content analysis of documents. The analysis works with articles found in newspapers "Blesk" and "Mladá fronta Dnes", these articles were observed in the period from January to December 2015. The choice of the above mentioned newspapers was not random, there are two most favourite newspapers in the Czech Republic. Articles were obtained through a database Anopress IT, in which I looked for key words "schizophrenia", "schizophrenic". On the basis of those keywords there have been 33 articles in Blesk found, but one of them was excluded from the research, it contained the keyword, but the article was out of topic. In the news Mlada fronta Dnes have been found 89 articles in total, but 32 of them were excluded because there were just a very little about our topic. In total I have found 122 articles, 33 articles were excluded and I used 89 articles in conclusion. In articles I looked for connections to sort them into appropriate categories. The data analysis is based on the method of clustering according to Miovsky. Based on the processed results there was confirmed that the information that appeared in Blesk and Mlada fronta Dnes are subject to stereotyping. In the reporting period, people with schizophrenia were presented mainly negative and related to violence, aggression and negative emotions in particular.

Purpose: To estimate a) the state of the research of violent behavior and victimization of patients suffering with schizophrenia; b) to identify the prevalence of violent behavior and victimization in patients with schizophrenia and to study predictors of violent behavior. Method: a) detailed analysis of relevant studies in the PubMed database; b) data on violent behavior and victimization in the last six months, physical and sexual abuse in childhood and adolescence, substance abuse and post traumatic stress disorder were gathered in 158 patients with psychotic illness and matched comparison group. Additional information was collected from collateral informants. Several regression analysis was used to identify factors independently associated with recent violent behavior. Results: a) From relevant studies of patients suffering with schizophrenia 72% (n=176) exemined aggressive behavior, 23% (n=55) victimization, and 5% (n=13) both. b) In the sample, the presence of a psychotic disorder was associated with an increased risk of assaults (OR=3.80; 95% CI 2.060-7.014). Additional risk factors in persons with and without psychosis included recent physical victimization (OR=7.09; 95% CI 3.922-12.819), childhood maltreatment (OR=3.15; 95% CI 1.877-5.271), the level of drug use (OR=1.13; 95% CI 1.063-...

Relapse prevention is a primary long-term clinical goal in treatment of psychotic disorders. Pharmacotherapy by itself is not sufficient, because compliance of patients in remission is usually low and there are more factors contributing to relapse, especially stress of patients resulting from emotionally demanding situations in the family. PREDUKA (PREventive EDUcational programme for relapse prevention) is a six-hour professionally-led group programme for patients with psychotic disorders in ambulant therapy and for their relatives. In a field questionnaire survey we mapped 1) theoretical knowledge of participants, 2) usage of practical advice obtained from PREDUKA and 3) general benefit of programme. Participants from years 2007 - 2009 were included. The sample consisted of 14 patients and 22 relatives, 27 women and 11 men. The average age of patients was 28,6 years, that of relatives 44,4 years. High return of questionnaires from patients confirms their goodwill to cooperate. Knowledge of participants about psychosis and their therapy is very good, compliance of patients from our sample is high. Participants usually follow advice obtained from PREDUKA. Common is the ignorance of important phone numbers (crisis centre, attending psychiatrist), so we suggest to include a page in a workbook for these dates....

Day treatment programme is clinically-based 6-week structured integrated programme for out patiens with schizophrenia, best after first attack, when patients need psychological support as soon as possible to cope with their illness and with reality,that they have to use drugs. The programme is led by psychiatrist and nurse-therapist. The group day treatment programme consists of individual and family psychoeducation,social skill training, life style improvement intervention, cognitive remediation and information aided relapse prevention programme ITAREPS. The principal aim of day treatment programme i afford place for psychiatric rehabilitation and surmount stage after release from hospital. Combination of all those interventions is more effective. And by this way doctors try to improve quality of patient"s life and make easy return to society. Although they try to educate patients and their families to recognize early warning signs of relapse. Main problems are: recognize illness,bad manipulation with informations,changing relapse and remissions,stigma of schizophrenia in society,support in family. Patients have to know,that they are ill. They have to understand, that if they take pills every day, the relapse does not come. And they will take pills, if they will understand, why is it so important. They...

It has in this review article been cited several different studies and sources, all concerning the prevention of relapse of schizophrenia and related psychotic disorders; The different approaches to treatment (programs, type of psychotherapy etc.) have been discussed according to evidence based research and randomized controlled trials. Although some explanations have been given about terms used in the literature, as well as some definitions to enable classifications in future studies, it has been focused only on the preventive measures used in schizophrenia; a detailed description of different subgroups of schizophrenia, as well as detailed descriptions of pharmacology in euroleptics is beyond the scope of this article. The recognition of relapse symptoms was first considered and defined, and the different approaches was then discussed; Outpatient treatment plans and relapse prevention plans, as well as the impact of cognitive behavioral therapy and psychotherapy have been discussed in subsequent chapters. In this section, it was especially focused on the ITAREPS program and its impact on the relapse prevention. The role of medications was then defined and supported with clinical studies and trials.