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Schizophrenia: synthetic strategies and recent advances in drug designAzmanova, Maria, Pitto-Barry, Anaïs, Barry, Nicolas P.E. 16 March 2018 (has links)
Yes / Schizophrenia is a complex and unpredictable mental disorder which affects several domains of cognition and behaviour. It is a heterogeneous illness characterised by positive, negative, and cognitive symptoms, often accompanied by signs of depression. In this tutorial review, we discuss recent progress in understanding the target sites and mechanisms of action of second-generation antipsychotic drugs. Progress in identifying and defining target sites has been accelerated recently by advances in neuroscience, and newly developed agents that regulate signalling by the main excitatory neurotransmitters in the brain are surveyed. Examples of novel molecules for the treatment of schizophrenia in preclinical and clinical development and their industrial sponsors are highlighted. / The Royal Society, The Academy of Medical Sciences, The Wellcome Trust, The Government Department of Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy and the British Heart Foundation, The University of Bradford.
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From neuroimaging to proteomics in schizophreniaDeng, Yi, 鄧藝 January 2009 (has links)
published_or_final_version / Psychiatry / Doctoral / Doctor of Philosophy
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Patterns of Change in Semantic Clustering in Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders: What Can it Tell Us about the Nature of Clustering DeficitsEdwards, Kimberly 08 1900 (has links)
Semantic clustering has been used as a measure of learning strategies in a number of clinical populations and has been found to be deficient in individuals with Schizophrenia, but less attention has been paid to the dynamic use of this strategy over the course of fixed-order learning trials. In the current study, we examined this pattern of clustering use over trials in a sample of individuals with Schizophrenia, and explored whether the addition of this dynamic information would help us to
better predict specific executive deficits. Results suggested that a decrease in semantic clustering across trials was associated with some executive deficits in the predicted manner. Nonetheless, the overall semantic clustering index generally proved more effective for the purposes, suggesting that in this population, the addition of dynamic information in strategy use is not likely to add considerably to clinical prediction and understanding.
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Facial Emotion Processing in Paranoid and Non-Paranoid SchizophreniaJacobsson, Sophie January 2010 (has links)
The aim of this essay is to investigate how paranoid and non-paranoid schizophrenic patients differ in the processing of emotional facial expressions from healthy individuals, and how this could lead to deficits in the area of social cognition. Researchers have conducted many behavioral and neuroimaging studies on facial emotion processing and emotion recognition in schizophrenia. Several studies have shown that individuals with schizophrenia have deficits in recognizing and processing emotional facial stimuli. It is known that patients with different subtypes of schizophrenia also show differences in facial emotion processing. It has also been shown that patients with schizophrenia uses different strategies in the processing of emotional faces compared to healthy individuals.
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Facial Emotion Processing in Paranoid and Non-Paranoid SchizophreniaJacobsson, Sophie January 2010 (has links)
<p>The aim of this essay is to investigate how paranoid and non-paranoid schizophrenic patients differ in the processing of emotional facial expressions from healthy individuals, and how this could lead to deficits in the area of social cognition. Researchers have conducted many behavioral and neuroimaging studies on facial emotion processing and emotion recognition in schizophrenia. Several studies have shown that individuals with schizophrenia have deficits in recognizing and processing emotional facial stimuli. It is known that patients with different subtypes of schizophrenia also show differences in facial emotion processing. It has also been shown that patients with schizophrenia uses different strategies in the processing of emotional faces compared to healthy individuals.</p>
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Aging and sleep in schizophrenia patients and normal comparison subjects : subjective reports and objective findings /Martin, Jennifer Lynn. January 2002 (has links)
Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of California, San Diego and San Diego State University, 2002. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 128-135).
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An experimental study of certain aspects of paranoid schizophrenic mosaic field organization and their interrelationshipsMoran, Maurice James, January 1954 (has links)
Thesis--Catholic University of America. / Bibliography: p. 51-55.
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Implementation of international treatment guidelines in the treatment of schizophrenia : a study of the effects of an evidence-based seminar on the knowledge and treatment habits of a sample of international psychiatrists /Joubert, André Franc̦ois. January 1900 (has links)
Thesis (DMed)--University of Stellenbosch, 2007. / Bibliography. Also available via the Internet.
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Assessing the potential of submaximal extended duration exercise as an adjunct treatment for sub-acute schizophrenic in-patients: a pilot studyMunnik, James Barry January 2006 (has links)
Research into the therapeutic potential of aerobic exercise has proven fruitful over the past few years; however, no true experimental research undertakings have investigated the psychological benefits of aerobic exercise with schizophrenic semi-acute in-patients. The main objective of this thesis was to seek out evidence for the possibility that aerobic (submaximal long duration) exercise could be considered an adjunct treatment for hospitalised schizophrenic in-patients. In order to accomplish this objective the effects of a 45-minute walking programme, completed three days a week, for five weeks, was investigated. Various areas of mental health were explored in search of evidence of the therapeutic potential of aerobic exercise. These areas included, amongst other things: transfer and discharge rates, improvements in mood levels - Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II; Beck, Steer, and Brown, 1996) Xhosa version; decreasing of anxiety levels (Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI; Beck and Steer, 1993), Xhosa version); improved Global Assessment of Functioning (GAF; DSM-IV), Scale Scores; and decreases in the number of symptoms patients exhibited. 22 schizophrenic inpatients were randomly selected for this study and randomly assigned to either an aerobic (long duration submaximal) treatment group or (primarily anaerobic) control group. Results revealed that statistical significance could not be found in any of the treatment group's t-test results; despite the treatment group generally bordering on significance more so than the control group. Out of the five variables studied (Positive Symptoms, Negative Symptoms, BAI, BDI-II, and GAF Scale) three variables (Negative Symptoms, BDI-II, and GAF Scale) in the treatment group bordered more on significance than did the control group. Thus three (60 %) out of the five areas studied revealed that the treatment group had more significant results. This suggests an overall impression that the treatment group responded slightly better. The Researcher recommended that aerobic exercise therapy be considered a treatment protocol in psychiatric institutions and offered further suggestions pertaining to the effective implementation of these programmes. Included in these recommendations were motivational strategies and warnings about the possible negative effects of exercise therapy. A supplemental goal of this thesis was to explore all of the previously offered theoretical psychological mechanisms of positive mental change; and to seek out evidence, for or against these forces. Participants were given pre- and post- treatment quantitative interviews; as well as, qualitative posttreatment interviews where their phenomenological responses were analysed to seek out evidence of these mechanisms. Evidence of various causative factors was found and a new theoretical mechanism was proposed in this thesis.
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Resilience in families where a member is living with schizophreniaHaddad, Jason January 2007 (has links)
Schizophrenia cuts across all racial, gender, and socioeconomic lines. Schizophrenia affects 1 percent of the population in Ireland: 35000 people (Schultz & Andreason, 1999); and affects 1.4 - 4.6 percent per 1000 people in the USA: 2.8 million - 9.8 million people (Jabelensky, 2004). In South Africa the figure is approximately 1 percent of the population or 500 000 people (Nicholas, Malcolm, Krosigk & Pillay, 2003). The median age of onset is 21.4 years for men and 26.8 years for women (Daubenton & van Rensburg, 2001), with only 10-20 percent recovering fully after the first psychotic episode (Saddock & Saddock, 2003). The schizophrenic patient is often unable to continue life as before diagnosis, and may progressively need more care as the years pass. Deinstitutionalization over the course of a number of decades has resulted in responsibility for care of mentally-ill individuals shifting to the individual’s family. The struggles faced by such a family can be overwhelming as they struggle with this responsibilty due to lack of training, lack of knowledge and insufficient professional support (Winefield & Harvey, 1994). The stress on the caregivers is often magnified as their support structures around them may ‘shut down’ out of fear of the schizophrenic illness (Williams & Mfoafo-M’Carthy, 2006). The characteristic symptoms used to define schizophrenia include various forms of delusions, hallucinations, thought disorders and abnormalities in emotional expression, social interaction, attention, volition and drives. The functional decline of the schizophrenic individual leads not only to social difficulties, but also economic difficulties that may cripple a family (Fadden, Bebbington & Kuipers, 1987). When first diagnosed, some families may be so overwhelmed by the ‘label’ given to their family member, that they see little hope or way to move forward. One explanation is offered by an American psychiatrist whose own son was diagnosed with schizophrenia, “We experience this terrible feeling of loss and grief for the son we knew. There is also this terrible loss of expectations. We feel cheated out of watching him mature…it is a mourning without end because, of course, Gary is not dead at all. He is very much still with us, seeming eternally twelve years old, needing constant care and attention” (Willick, 1994, p.14). Providing such care is associated with high levels of distress. Accordingly, much attention has been given to understanding the pressures faced by family members, with the hope of understanding how coping resources may be strengthened to sustain these care-giving relationships (Harvey, Burns, Fahy, Manley & Tattan, 2001). However, despite gains in understanding the needs of a schizophrenic family member once out of the hospital environment, care-giving relationships can still break down. The individual with the illness is often left more vulnerable to relapse, recurrent hospitalizations, homelessness and other negative outcomes (Jewel & Stein, 2002). The stress of not only interacting with the afflicted family member, but also with the grief associated with the illness, places an incredible strain on the day-to-day functioning of that family (Pollio, North, Reid, Miletic & McClendon, 2006). From the brief review provided, it is evident that research has been conducted regarding the stressors, strains and difficulties of caregivers of schizophrenic family members. However, the strengths of these families are under-investigated, and the current study will attempt to start filling this void.
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