The purpose of this inquiry was to examine the possible extent to which specific, identifiable leadership characteristics of Central Florida school principals differ between middle and high school administrators, and to examine if these leadership characteristics display a relationship, either positively or negatively, with the obtainment of student scores on state measures of education accountability (FCAT reading scores). Data from the research sample were collected through the administration of a modified version of the Audit of Principal Effectiveness (APE), a survey instrument developed by Dr. Jerry Valentine through the Middle Level Leadership Center at the University of Missouri-Columbia (Valentine & Bowman, 1984). The survey instrument used for this study contained 52 statements regarding principal leadership characteristics divided into two domains (organizational environment and educational program). The organizational environment domain (questions 1-37) establishes the ability of the principal to nurture the on-going climate of the school through development of positive interpersonal relations among the staff members and effective daily operational procedures for the school. The second domain, educational program, ascertains the principal's ability to serve as the educational leader of the school through active involvement in instructional leadership and curriculum development. Teachers were asked to rate their principal on a 9-point Likert-type scale (1 = not effective, 5 = moderately effective, 9 = very effective) on the extent they perceived the principal to be effective in that leadership skill. A sufficient number of surveys (minimum of 7) were returned from teachers at 60 schools (35 middle schools and 25 high schools) out of a possible 104 for a response rate of 57.7%. The investigation found the following: 1) There was no statistically significant difference between the mean scores representing teacher perceptions of principal leadership on either the organizational environment or educational program domains of the (APE) between middle schools and high schools; 2) There was no statistically significant correlation, when middle school and high school principals were treated as one group, between the mean scores representing teacher perceptions of principal leadership on either the organizational environment or educational program domains of the APE and student achievement; 3) There was a statistically significant negative (inverse) correlation between FCAT reading percentage and low-SES percentage for all schools; 4) As teacher rating mean scores on the APE organizational environment domain increased, the negative (inverse) correlation between FCAT reading percentage and low-SES percentage decreased but not at statistically significant levels; and 5) A positive correlation between teacher rating mean scores and FCAT reading percentage was indicated for high school principals on both the organizational environment and educational program domains of the APE. These correlations were not statistically significant at the higher alpha required for multiple correlation tests, but they were positive and the correlation for the organizational environment domain approached significance.

Myocardial infarction is the primary diagnosis to rule out in emergency department chest pain patients. In this retrospective, multi-site study, we compared logistic regression (LR) with machine learning (ML) in predicting which patients were at risk of major adverse cardiac events (MACE) and abnormal troponin. Of the 1,538 patients identified over 43 days, 1,014 were retained of whom 70 suffered a MACE. LR and ML models for MACE were internally validated and achieved similar area under curve (AUC): 0.89 (95% CI: 0.87, 0.93) and 0.92 (95% CI: 0.89, 0.94) respectively. Abnormal troponin models had overlapping AUCs. Two novel clinical decision scores were derived: the Preliminary Chest Pain Risk Score with a sensitivity of 100.00% (95% CI: 94.87%, 100.00%) for identifying low risk chest pain patients and the Ultra-Low Risk Troponin Score which could be used in lieu of troponin. Future prospective studies will be required to externally validate these scores.

This study investigated the relationship between cluster B personality disorder characteristics and neuropsychological test performance. Specifically, the study examined whether neuropsychological test patterns could be used to support personality disorder diagnoses. The participants were 109 university students who were given a neuropsychological test battery and personality assessment. When controlling for Axis I psychopathology, no relationship was found between neuropsychological performance and borderline characteristics. However, narcissistic characteristics were associated with poorer working memory, divided attention, and verbal associative memory, and greater cognitive flexibility. Histrionic characteristics were associated with better list learning and selective auditory attention. This study suggests that some cluster B characteristics are associated with neuropsychological performance, but additional research is needed to clarify the nature of this relationship.

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