The abundance of the 1982 brood of juvenile coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) was determined in August 1983, and January and April 1984 at 20 study sites spread throughout Knowles Creek, an Oregon coastal watershed. The timing of emigration of juvenile coho from the watershed was monitored from October 1983 through June 1984. Condition factor, fork length, and gill (Na+K)-ATPase activity were measured in migrants, a captive group of Knowles Creek juvenile coho held in the laboratory, and nonmigrant fish periodically sampled from the stream. Skin guanine levels were also measured in migrant and nonmigrant groups. Juvenile coho abundance in January was significantly correlated with abundance in August. Wood volume and amount of undercut streambank were the pair of physical variables that best explained variation in the number of fish per square meter or per cubic meter in January. Two debris torrent ponds in the middle of the watershed contained large amounts of woody debris and were the most heavily used overwintering habitats for juvenile coho in the Knowles Creek. Few juvenile coho overwintered in the lower half of watershed, an area lacking woody debris. Peaks in outmigration occurred in November and May. Approximately 24% of the total number of migrants emigrated in November. Fish that reared in two of three third-order areas in summer, together with fish from the lower (fifth-order) half of the mainstem, were the first to leave the watershed. While lack of winter habitat may have been the cause of migration from the lower mainstem, low summer streamflows may have caused early migration from the low order sites. Gill (Na+K)-ATPase activity of migrants rose gradually from a low in January to a peak at the end of the study in June. Mean gill (Na+K)-ATPase activity of nonmigrants was only significantly lower than that of migrant fish during April. Gill (Na+K)-ATPase of captives was similar to that of nonmigrants until it peaked during the last two weeks in April, after which the activity fell below that of migrants or nonmigrants. Condition factor of nonmigrant fish was higher than either migrants or captives throughout the study. Migrant skin guanine levels rose sharply during the first two weeks in April and continued to rise until the end of the study in June. Approximately 8,300 juvenile coho, 44% of the estimated number of juvenile coho present in Knowles Creek in August, migrated from the watershed by the following June. An estimated 9% of the August population migrated as smolts after April 1. / Graduation date: 1986

No description available.

No description available.

Sodium balance and mortality rates were examined in five species of adult waterboatmen (Hemiptera: Corixidae) exposed to neutral and low pH waters. The five species were chosen to reflect a wide range of pH conditions in waters where they naturally occur. Cenocorixa bifida and C. expleta normally inhabit high pH waters, whereas C. blaisdelli and Hesperocorixa atopodonta can be found most often at neutral pH. Sigara omani occur in acidic waters. Haemolymph [Na], whole-body [Na], and sodium influx rates were recorded during exposures of 6-9 days at pH 7.0, 4.5, and 3.0. C. blaisdelli and H. atopodonta were studied throughout the year (spring, summer, and fall) . C. bifida and C. expleta were examined in the fall, while S. omani were tested in the spring. Overall, these corixids appeared to be tolerant of short-term exposure to low pH. Mortality for all species remained below 50% in both neutral and acidic pH levels throughout the year. Additionally, differences in haemolymph [Na], whole-body [Na], and sodium influx rates from pH 7.0 to either pH 4.5 or 3.0 were rarely significant. However, both inter- and intraspecific variation in sodium balance over the range of pH levels tested were apparent. Most notably, C. blaisdelli and H. atopodonta exhibited their highest concentrations of haemolymph and whole-body Na in the summer, under both natural conditions and in the laboratory at all pH levels. For C. blaisdelli, summer was also the time of highest mortality, with mortality increasing as pH was lowered. The observed correlation between high haemolymph/whole-body [Na] and high mortality in the summer appears to result from a relatively large decrease in haemolymph and whole-body [Na] when bugs were exposed to pH 3.0, at a time when these values were initially high. Fall was the season of lowest haemolymph/whole-body [Na], and also of lowest mortality, for both C. blaisdelli and H. atopodonta. Interspecific variation in the ability to tolerate low pH did not appear to reflect variation in the pH of water these bugs normally inhabit. Of the five species tested, H. atopodonta appeared best able to maintain internal homeostasis under acidic conditions, despite being common to neutral waters. Haemolymph [Na], whole-body [Na], and sodium influx rates did not change significantly from pH 7.0 to pH 3.0 in any season. Furthermore, C. blaisdelli, which was collected from the same pond as H. atopodonta, seemed to be least able to regulate internal milieu in low pH waters. In C. blaisdelli, exposure to pH 3.0 usually resulted in decreased haemolymph and whole-body [Na], relative to values recorded in those individuals exposed to pH 7.0. The difference in the size of these two species (H. atopodonta is approximately twice that of C. blaisdelli) may account for the observed variations in their respective sodium balance at low pH. / Science, Faculty of / Zoology, Department of / Graduate

No description available.

No description available.

Graduation date: 1988

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:25:17Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2013-07-29Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:32:16Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 000740109.pdf: 847070 bytes, checksum: 1b8bec50aed94f0fb1830c0c3ae876fe (MD5) / A preservação de besouros carabídeos no agroecossistema é indispensável devido à importância exercida por esses indivíduos no controle de pragas agrícolas. Entretanto, as atividades de manejo do solo e práticas culturais tem influenciado a abundância e diversidade desses insetos predadores. Neste estudo objetivou-se realizar um levantamento populacional de adultos de carabídeos para verificar possíveis diferenças na diversidade de espécies e na distribuição sazonal em várias culturas agrícolas. O trabalho foi realizado em cinco áreas do Campus da Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias da UNESP, localizada em Jaboticabal-SP, durante o período de dezembro de 2011 e abril de 2013. Foram utilizadas cinco áreas de cultivo com a seguinte composição: (i) área de reflorestamento com nascente de água, plantas herbáceas e arbóreas; (ii) cana-de-açúcar Saccharum officinarum L.; (iii) milho Zea mays L.; (iv) pastagem com gramíneas Brachiaria sp. e (v) pomar de goiaba Psidium guajava L. Para a coleta de dados foram instaladas 10 armadilhas tipo alçapão em cada área, no sentido borda-interior da cultura. Nos cinco hábitats, o total de 396 indivíduos de Carabidae foi capturado, correspondendo a 18 espécies. Observou-se superdominância de Odontocheila nodicornis em cana-de-açúcar e milho, indicando que a espécie encontrou nessas culturas condição ambiental similar ao de fragmento florestal. A área de reflorestamento com presença de plantas herbáceas proporciona maior diversidade e abundância de besouros carabídeos, servindo como refúgio durante as épocas de entressafra das culturas. Entres os meses de dezembro e início de abril ocorre maior número de Carabidae nas áreas de reflorestamento, cana-de-açúcar, milho, pastagem e pomar de goiaba / Carabid beetle preservation in agroecosystems is essential due to the importance performed by these individuals in the control of agricultural pests. However, the activities of soil management and cultural practices have influenced the abundance and diversity of these predatory insects. This study aimed to conduct a population survey of carabid adults to check possible differences in species diversity and seasonal distribution in various crops. The work was carried out in five areas of the Campus at Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, UNESP located in Jaboticabal-SP, during the period from December 2011 to April 2013. Were used five cultivated areas as follow: (i) reforestation area with water source and woody plants; (ii) sugar cane Saccharum officinarum L., (iii) corn crop Zea mays L., (iv) pasture with Brachiaria sp. and (v) guava orchard Psidium guajava L. For data collection, were installed 10 pitfall traps in each area towards inner-edge crops. In the five habitats, 396 individuals of Carabidae were captured, representing 18 species. It was observed superdominance of Odontocheila nodicornis in areas cultivated with sugar cane and corn crops, indicating that the species found in these crops environmental conditions similar to the forest fragment. The reforestation area with presence of herbaceous plants provides greater diversity and abundance of carabid beetles, serving as refuge during times of off-season crops. Between December to early April occurs the largest number of Carabidae in reforestation areas, sugar cane, corn, pasture and orchard guava

Orientador: Francisco Jorge Cividanes / Coorientador: Terezinha Monteiro dos Santos Cividanes / Banca: César Freire Carvalho / Banca: Guilherme Duarte Rossi / Resumo: A preservação de besouros carabídeos no agroecossistema é indispensável devido à importância exercida por esses indivíduos no controle de pragas agrícolas. Entretanto, as atividades de manejo do solo e práticas culturais tem influenciado a abundância e diversidade desses insetos predadores. Neste estudo objetivou-se realizar um levantamento populacional de adultos de carabídeos para verificar possíveis diferenças na diversidade de espécies e na distribuição sazonal em várias culturas agrícolas. O trabalho foi realizado em cinco áreas do Campus da Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias da UNESP, localizada em Jaboticabal-SP, durante o período de dezembro de 2011 e abril de 2013. Foram utilizadas cinco áreas de cultivo com a seguinte composição: (i) área de reflorestamento com nascente de água, plantas herbáceas e arbóreas; (ii) cana-de-açúcar Saccharum officinarum L.; (iii) milho Zea mays L.; (iv) pastagem com gramíneas Brachiaria sp. e (v) pomar de goiaba Psidium guajava L. Para a coleta de dados foram instaladas 10 armadilhas tipo alçapão em cada área, no sentido borda-interior da cultura. Nos cinco hábitats, o total de 396 indivíduos de Carabidae foi capturado, correspondendo a 18 espécies. Observou-se superdominância de Odontocheila nodicornis em cana-de-açúcar e milho, indicando que a espécie encontrou nessas culturas condição ambiental similar ao de fragmento florestal. A área de reflorestamento com presença de plantas herbáceas proporciona maior diversidade e abundância de besouros carabídeos, servindo como refúgio durante as épocas de entressafra das culturas. Entres os meses de dezembro e início de abril ocorre maior número de Carabidae nas áreas de reflorestamento, cana-de-açúcar, milho, pastagem e pomar de goiaba / Abstract: Carabid beetle preservation in agroecosystems is essential due to the importance performed by these individuals in the control of agricultural pests. However, the activities of soil management and cultural practices have influenced the abundance and diversity of these predatory insects. This study aimed to conduct a population survey of carabid adults to check possible differences in species diversity and seasonal distribution in various crops. The work was carried out in five areas of the Campus at Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, UNESP located in Jaboticabal-SP, during the period from December 2011 to April 2013. Were used five cultivated areas as follow: (i) reforestation area with water source and woody plants; (ii) sugar cane Saccharum officinarum L., (iii) corn crop Zea mays L., (iv) pasture with Brachiaria sp. and (v) guava orchard Psidium guajava L. For data collection, were installed 10 pitfall traps in each area towards inner-edge crops. In the five habitats, 396 individuals of Carabidae were captured, representing 18 species. It was observed superdominance of Odontocheila nodicornis in areas cultivated with sugar cane and corn crops, indicating that the species found in these crops environmental conditions similar to the forest fragment. The reforestation area with presence of herbaceous plants provides greater diversity and abundance of carabid beetles, serving as refuge during times of off-season crops. Between December to early April occurs the largest number of Carabidae in reforestation areas, sugar cane, corn, pasture and orchard guava / Mestre

Orientador: Matias Pablo Juan Szabó / Banca: Adriano Pinter dos Santos / Banca: Karina Carrão Castagnolli / Banca: Gervásio Henrique Bechara / Banca: Flávio Ruas de Moraes / Resumo: Cerrado, considerado a savana sul-americana, abrange cerca de dois milhões de km2 e é muito rica em espécies endémicas, mas ameaçada pela agricultura. Neste trabalho são apresentadas espécies de carrapatos e sua distribuição sazonal e relativa dentro das diferentes fitofisionomias na Estação Ecológica do Panga, uma pequena reserva de Cerrado, no Estado de Minas Gerais, Brasil. Ao longo de dois anos foram coletados do ambiente 2.694 carrapatos. Destes, 73,5% eram da espécie Amblyomma cajennense e 0,6%. Amblyomma dubitatum Todos os outros carrapatos (25,9%) eram formas imaturas e caracterizados como Amblyomma spp. Os carrapatos adultos de A. cajennense apresentaram picos numéricos na primavera e as ninfas no inverno dos dois anos. Bolos de larval Amblyomma spp foram encontrados no outono e inverno. Os carrapatos adultos (46,7%) e ninfas (39,5%) foram mais freqüentemente encontrados em matas, enquanto a maioria dos grupos de larvas foram encontradas nas veredas ou próximo a elas (39%). Amblyomma cajennense, Anocentor nitens, Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus and Rhipicephalus sanguineus foram encontrados em animais domésticos de propriedades vizinhas. Não foram encontradas formas características de Rickettsia na hemolinfa de 497 A. cajennense e de um A. dubitatum. Os resultados confirmam relatos anteriores sobre a prevalência esmagadora de carrapatos A. cajennense no bioma Cerrado do Brasil e acrescentou informações sobre as preferências de habitat desta espécie de carrapato, um vetor importante no Brasil da febre maculosa. / Abstract: Cerrado biome, the South American savannah, covers about two million km2 and is very rich in endemic species but threatened by agriculture. In this work free-living tick species are presented, and their seasonal and relative distribution within the various phytophysiognomies in a Stacey Ecologic Panga, small Cerrado reserve, in Minas Gerais State, Brazil. Overall 2,694 free-living ticks were found during a two years sampling period with CO2 traps and cloth dragging. Of these, 73.5% were Amblyomma cajennense and 0.6% Amblyomma dubitatum. All other ticks (25.9%) were retained as Amblyomma spp. Adults of A. cajennense peaked in spring, the nymphs in winter of both years. Amblyomma larval clusters were found in autumn and winter. Adult ticks (46.7%) and nymphs (39.5%) were most often found in woodlands, whereas most larval clusters were found in valley-side marshes (39%). Amblyomma cajennense, Anocentor nitens, Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus and Rhipicephalus sanguineus ticks were found on domestic animals from neighboring properties. Search for Rickettsia in the hemolymph of 497 A. cajennense and one A. dubitatum ticks yielded negative results. Results confirmed earlier reports on the overwhelming prevalence of A. cajennense ticks in the Cerrado biome of Brazil and added information to habitat preferences of this tick species, a major vector in Brazil of the Rocky Mountain spotted fever. / Doutor