Thesis (M.A.)--University of Canterbury, 2009. / Typescript (photocopy). Includes bibliographical references (p. 167-178). Also available via the World Wide Web.

Thesis, PlanB (M.S.)--University of Wisconsin--Stout, 2006. / Includes bibliographical references.

Overqualification is a concern for both individuals and organizations in today's workforce. It has been shown to relate to job attitudes, performance, well-being, and withdrawal. While plenty of research has been done on overqualification in the workplace, there is still a gap in the literature when it pertains to the contingent workforce, especially seasonal workers. These workers do not have secure employment and research has shown that they have distinct outcomes compared to full-time workers. Findings from past research about the relationship between overqualification and job withdrawal have been mixed, and this study aims to further the understanding of this relationship by taking a self-regulatory approach and examining disposition-related and context-related motivational processes that may drive overqualified employees to engage in withdrawal. Drawing on self-determination theory and regulatory focus theory I propose that employees' intrinsic motivation mediates the relationship between perceived overqualification and withdrawal. Additionally, supervisor and coworker support are hypothesized to buffer the overqualification-intrinsic motivation relationship, whereas prevention focus is hypothesized to worsen it. Participants were 66 seasonal workers from an organization in the Western United States. Results did not support the hypothesized relationships, however prevention focus was a marginally-significant moderator of the overqualification-intrinsic motivation relationship in the unexpected direction. I also tested several nonhypothesized relationships and found that promotion focus significantly moderated the overqualification-intrinsic motivation relationship. Implications, limitations and future research directions are discussed.

Unknown questions remain concerning the health of migrant farm workers, seasonal farm workers, and other rural poor people. The objectives of this study were to determine the demographic profile of a sample from a Community and Migrant Health Center; to determine the prevalence of disease in migrant farm workers, seasonal farm workers and other clients; and to determine if differences existed in the prevalence of disease between the three occupational groups. Information from medical records for clients who visited an Oregon Community and Migrant Health Center during 1993 was abstracted to determine whether differences existed in demographic characteristics and in health status between migrant farm workers, seasonal farm workers, and other clients. A random sample of 600 medical charts was selected from the three occupational groups stratified by sex. The sample included adults and children classified as migrant or seasonal farm workers and other clients. Data abstracted from charts included socio-demographic information, physiologic measurements, biochemical testing results, and disease prevalence. Clients in this sample represented Latino (85.17%), Russian (4.8%), and Anglo (10%) cultures. Female clients who were not migrant or seasonal farm workers had a mean age of 27.42 years which was significantly different from the mean age of female migrant farm workers of 18.95 years, and of female seasonal farm workers of 20.35 years. Females who were not migrant or seasonal farm workers had significantly higher mean body mass indexes, and systolic and diastolic blood pressures. Female children classified as migrant farm worker had significantly higher blood lead levels than female children whose parents were not migrant or seasonal farm workers. Glucose levels for migrant farm workers was significantly higher than either of the other two occupational groups. Findings of the study indicated that common diagnoses included upper respiratory infection, otitis media, intestinal parasites or pathogens, dermatitis, and urinary tract infection. The most commonly reported injuries were due to lacerations and motor vehicle accidents. Additionally, 31.57% of PAP tests were abnormal, and violence against girls and women was reported. Diagnoses of chronic diseases included diabetes, hypertension, AIDS, cancer, and heart disease. / Graduation date: 1996

Die vorliegende Arbeit basiert auf Forschungen in den Jahren 2007-2009. Sie betrachtet die saisonale Arbeitsmigration aus der polnischen Region Konin, wo die Arbeitsmigration aus ökonomischen Gründen, wie auch in ähnlich strukturierten Gebieten Polens, eine lange Tradition hat, die bis ins 19. Jahrhundert zurückgeht. Sie wird die saisonale Migration ins Ausland mit den ökonomischen, sozialen und räumlichen Auswirkungen aus der Perspektive des Einzelnen und seiner unmittelbaren Umgebung, aber auch der Gesellschaft und Herkunftsgebiet der Migranten betrachtet. / Mobility for economic reasons is treated in science primarily from the perspective of permanent resettlement. However, other varieties of migration are more and more often studied. This paper deals with the seasonal migration for economic reasons, which is an important area of migration undertaken for economic reasons. Seasonal migration, which leads to crossing the country borders, in the literature is called the Transnational Migration. Unlike international migration, which is usually connected with a permanent settling in the target area, the concept of Transnational migration describes the situation, in which migrants return to their place of origin and do not give it up as their main residence, but every time they travel to another country to get employed. As a research area of this work, the Konin region was chosen, because - in comparison with other regions in Poland - the phenomenon of a very high level of seasonal migration was observed there. Seasonal labor migration is a long tradition that goes back to 19. century here and in other Polish regions with similar structure. From the results of conducted in 2007−2009 research, some general facts can be drawn. Due to the seasonal work abroad, a seasonal migrant can increase their and their family’s standard of living. If the cost of living in the place of seasonal work is higher than in the place of origin, the profit of such visits is obviously higher if the family of a seasonal worker remains in the place of origin. This leads to the geographic division bet389 ween the place of working and place of permanent residence. Higher wages can be determined at the level of benefits to both personal and societal level. On the other hand, both forprofit workers and society in dealing with this phenomenon, costs cannot be ignored. This paper considers the pros and cons of seasonal paid work, both from the perspective of individuals and their surroundings, and the consequences for society and region of origin of the employee. This paper is considering economic, social and spatial consequences, each time at the macro and micro levels. The study was based primarily on interviews with several respondents and experts in the subject of Polish and German migrations for profit.

Orientador: Ligia Maria Osorio Silva / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Economia / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-15T12:21:11Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Tessari_ClaudiaAlessandra_D.pdf: 5631201 bytes, checksum: 02387857389f9cd1221569fffa0e6648 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010 / Resumo: Este trabalho tem como eixo central a relação entre as exigências sazonais de mão de obra e o padrão de demanda por trabalho na agricultura do Oeste paulista entre 1890 e 1915. Busca recolocar a questão da importância do trabalho temporário para a estruturação da atividade econômica já no momento de formação do mercado de trabalho. Com isso, busca também recolocar em outros termos a importância do trabalhador nacional, o trabalhador temporário por excelência. Ao verificarmos que o padrão de demanda por mão de obra era em sua maior parte inconstante e intermitente, pudemos relativizar alguns dos estereótipos constitutivos da identidade do trabalhador brasileiro, tais como sua instabilidade e sua tendência à vadiagem. Defendemos a ideia de que o sistema de trabalho que se seguiu à escravidão nas fazendas de café em São Paulo deve ser pensado como uma associação entre colonato e trabalho temporário sazonal sendo este último também importante para estruturar a atividade produtiva e não uma categoria de trabalho marginal, como boa parte da bibliografia costuma classificá-lo. Esse arranjo permitiu que a empresa rural cafeeira driblasse o problema da rigidez da mão de obra, característica da escravidão, garantindo possibilidade de flexibilidade dos fatores de produção e dos custos com trabalho, permitindo uma gestão nos moldes capitalistas. No entanto, apesar de proporcionar maior flexibilidade, o arranjo colonato + trabalho temporário ainda apresentava limites. Estes somente seriam rompidos na década de 1960, quando a oferta fortemente elástica de mão de obra permitiria que o trabalho temporário se tornasse majoritário, sob a forma do trabalho volante / Abstract: The purpose of this thesis is the relationship between the seasonal demand of workforce and the work demand pattern for farming in the West of São Paulo from 1890 to 1915. It poses the question of the importance of the temporary work in structuring the economic activity during the development of the labor market. With this approach, it highlights the importance of the national worker, the true temporary worker. By validating that the demand pattern for workforce was ostly intermittent and not consistent, we were able to reassess some stereotypes that make up the Brazilian worker identity, such as its instability and sluggishness. We support the idea that the work system that followed the slavery in Sao Paulo's Coffee plantations should be thought of an association between colonato and seasonal temporary work. The latter is also important to structure the economic activity and not a marginal job category as most of the literature refers to. This arrangement allowed the rural coffee enterprise to avoid the strictness of the workforce (signature of slavery), guaranteeing the flexibility of the production factors and cost of labor, typical of capitalist management. Even though it allows greater flexibility, the arrangement "colonato + temporary worker" still showed limitations. Those limitations would only be overcome in the 1960s, when the highly elastic workforce supply would allow the temporary worker to become majority in the form of "volante" work / Doutorado / Historia Economica / Doutor em Desenvolvimento Economico

While skilled labour shortages are common in many countries, including South Africa, mainly due to a skills mismatch, the undersupply of unskilled labour was less expected, especially in developing countries with high unemployment. The thesis utilises data on perceived worker undersupply on selected citrus farms in the Sundays River Valley (SRV), located in the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa, collected in 2013, to analyse why unemployed residents, surprisingly, do not fill up vacancies on farms. In contrast to other labour markets, farm employment is not restricted by educational levels and as workers reported, with little training the various job tasks and skills required are easy and quick to grasp. At a time the government is trying to find ways of reducing unemployment, and the SRV Municipality (2012:29) reported approximately 42% unemployment, the question arises as to why the relatively low educated residents do not take advantage of the employment opportunities on farms. According to local workers and unemployed residents, the farm job was unattractive largely because of a combination of two factors: perceived relatively low salaries partly caused by the availability of migrant seasonal workers accepting lower remuneration and poor non-wage working conditions. The survey also found that farmers preferred migrant workers because they were more productive compared to their local counterparts who were, reportedly, characterised by high absenteeism and laziness, caused mainly by a reliance on social grants and alcohol abuse. Other reasons given for the unattractiveness of the farm job included the seasonal nature of farm employment, which left workers with no source of income in the offseason, the redundancy associated with farm tasks, perceived poor treatment of workers and lack of information on UIF and Provident funds to farm workers. To address problems associated with the dislike of farm work, seasonality of on-farm employment and the reportedly relatively low income, farm managers, the local municipality and the Labour Department could possibly be involved in creating more communal agricultural projects and help provide local community members to venture into supporting alternative careers within the Hospitality, Ecotourism and Conservation Industries through training programmes. Farm managers may need to consider improving their working relationship with workers in communication and when assigning tasks. Farmers and the local municipality could also consider investing in training programmes for the unemployed residents to equip them with technical skills that can improve their chances of finding jobs.