L’enjeu actuel autour de la gestion des MIDND est de valoriser, dans la mesure du possible, les mâchefers sur les chantiers routiers à maîtrise d’ouvrage publique ou privée, tout en tenant compte de la réglementation en vigueur et en réalisant un suivi rigoureux dès l’élaboration jusqu’à leur mise en place. Un des freins de la valorisation des MIDND est relatif aux critères de qualité de plus en plus contraignants. Parmi les polluants potentiels qui peuvent entrainer des restrictions environnementales d’utilisation, les éléments trace métalliques (ETM), dont le comportement en fonction des paramètres que sont la maturation et la granulométrie reste peu connu, sont des plus préoccupants. Dans cette thèse, l’approche développée a permis de définir les conditions favorables au relargage des ETM suivants : Cu, Cr, Pb, Sb, Ni et Zn. La démarche scientifique s’articule autour de trois grands axes : Le premier axe concerne le développement d’une méthode de caractérisation pertinente des MIDND (notamment de la fraction organique et de la fraction minérale polluante) afin de pouvoir mieux juger de leurs qualités. La matrice initiale d’étude prélevée sur un site industriel ainsi que ses fractions granulométriques, ont été finement analysée, tant d’un point de vue physico-chimique qu’en ce qui concerne leur comportement environnemental. La modélisation géochimique basée sur ces données physicochimiques et de lixiviation permet d’identifier des phases majoritaires et de simuler le comportement du matériau dans la perspective de prévoir l’évolution du MIDND en conditions spécifiques de stockage ou de valorisation. Le deuxième axe décrit l’impact des conditions de maturation, et du fractionnement granulométrique sur l’évolution de la qualité des MIDND. Trois différentes conditions de maturation (naturelle sur plate-forme; accélérée sur petit tas; forcée) ont été étudiées. Les résultats montrent que les changements dans la composition chimique et minéralogique des MIDND étudiés et de leurs fractions granulométriques sont plus significatifs lorsque la maturation progresse. La maturation naturelle accélérée et la carbonatation forcée limite la lixiviation du Cu, du Pb et du Zn. Au contraire, la lixiviation du Cr, de Sb, des Cl- et des SO42- augmente lorsque le pH diminue. Le troisième axe est dédié à l’étude de l’utilisation des MIDND comme matière première secondaire dans un scénario de valorisation alternatif aux utilisations en sous-couches routières classiquement pratiquées. Le scénario consiste à incorporer les MIDND dans un coulis auto-compactant utilisable pour l’élargissement de chaussées ou le comblement de fossés. Une formulation a pu être définie. La conformité des performances mécaniques, géotechniques et environnementales aux spécifications d’usage normalisées, est encourageante pour les potentiels utilisateurs des MIDND en technique routière. / Current challenge of Municipal Solid waste Incineration (MSWI) bottom ash management lays in its valorization, mainly to be used in road construction projects. The process must take into account environmental regulations and conduct rigorous monitoring from production to utilization. One constraint in the assessment of MSWI bottom ash is related to quality criteria which is becoming more restrictive. Among potential pollutants that can cause environmental use restrictions are metal trace elements (MTE), whose behavior based on weathering and grain size is not yet well known and represent one of greatest concern. In this thesis, the developed research approach defined the favorable conditions for Cu, Cr, Pb, Sb, Ni and Zn release. The aforementioned approach is based on three pillars: The first pillar focuses on the development of a pertinent characterization method for bottom ash (including the polluting organic and mineral fraction) aiming at a better assessment of its properties. The initial study matrix, taken from an industrial site, was carefully analyzed from both, physico-chemical and environmental performances. Geochemical modeling based on physico-chemical and leaching data, allowed to identify the main mineral phases and to simulate material behavior with the purpose of predicting the evolution of MSWI bottom ash in specific storage or valorization conditions. The second pillar describes the impact of weathering conditions and size partitioning on MSWI bottom ash quality evolution. Three different weathering conditions (natural on industrial scale heap; accelerated on small heap; and forced) were studied. The results showed that changes in the chemical and mineralogical composition of MSWI bottom ash as well as in its size fractions are more significant when the weathering proceed. The natural accelerated weathering and the forced carbonation limited the leaching of Cu, Pb and Zn, whereas, the leaching of Cr, Sb, Cl and the SO42- increased as pH decreased. The third pillar focuses on the study of MSWI bottom ash alternative utilization as secondary raw material for the typically practiced road sub-layers construction. It consisted of incorporating MSWI bottom ash in a self-compacting material used for pavement sub-layer or coated road shoulders structures. A formulated material was obtained by mixing MSWI bottom ash, water and cement as a hydraulic binder. The results of the mechanical, geotechnical and environmental assessment are promising for MISWI bottom ash potential use in road construction.

ABSTRACT This thesis deals with the development of silicate based reverse grouts for the purpose of rehabilitation of sewers. The work also examines the possibility of substitution of basic input raw materials with secondary raw materials, meaning replacements of both filler components and binder components. As secondary raw materials, we refer to wastes from the production process which, after the necessary treatment, are used in another production. The development and experimental verification of the functionality of the developed grout was focused mainly on the use of secondary raw materials as much as possible, while maintaining or even improving its physical and mechanical properties. Based on the results of the work, it can be stated that with a 100% replacement rate of filler components in combination with 20% replacement rate of binder components, it is possible to largely maintain the properties of the material, or even optimize them. The results of the thesis also point to the possibility of reducing the economic and environmental demands of production of building materials.

The disses thesis is focused on usage of secondary raw materials from the electric power industry, specifically fly ash as a component for the building industry, concentrated on concrete. Two main streams are covered, environmental and economical. Reasons, which led to focus on the selected subject are coming mainly from the scarcity and availability of high-quality mineral resources, environmental pressure for usage of industry byproduct, reducing emissions and economical pressure to reduce production cost, especially raw materials. The main purpose of the work was to verify the possibility of increasing the usability of fly ash as a mineral additive in the technology of concrete production with materials retrieved from coal fired power plants and applying mechanical activation of fly ash. The main goal of the experimental part of work was to demonstrate improvement of fresh and hardened concrete properties as a main condition to support economic efficiency of mechanical activated fly ash. Base on previous facts the methodology was covering two main areas, the experimental and the assessment. Relatively large sets of tests were performed, using a wide range of tested high temperature fly ash and fluidized bed combustion fly ash granulometrically treated, by mixing and grinding. Results of the testing confirmed focused parameters for concrete and mortar mechanical properties, total economical efficiency of the targeted solution and the subject of the dissertation. In the experiment section has been retrieved valuable findings contributing to the overall knowledge of the faculty, also for the practical application. The results of the tests confirmed the achievement of the planned target parameters, both in terms of physical and mechanical properties of experienced mortars and concretes, as well as the overall economic efficiency of the proposed design and the topic of the disses thesis. Within the experimental work, valuable professional knowledge and benefits w