Le préjudice de l'actionnaire est un sujet encore peu étudié en France alors qu'il soulève de nombreuses interrogations. A l'inverse de nombre de solutions reçues dans les droits étrangers, le droit français n'admet que peu sa réparation tant il reste lié à la distinction jurisprudentielle fondamentale entre préjudice purement personnel (réparable) et préjudice simple corollaire du préjudice social (non réparable). Pourtant, cette distinction n'est pas des plus satisfaisantes ni sur le plan théorique, ni sur le plan pratique. Elle est en outre remise partiellement en cause dès lors que le préjudice trouve sa source dans une infraction pénale, telle que la communication d'informations mensongères. Par ailleurs, l'internationalisation des mouvements de capitaux soulève de plus en plus fréquemment la question de la loi applicable ou du juge compétent (judiciaire ou arbitral également) relativement aux actions en justice des actionnaires. Cette étude se propose dès lors de fournir une appréciation critique du droit positif afin de tenter l'élaboration d'un droit prospectif. Les solutions existantes peuvent-elles et doivent-elles changer ? Pour adopter quel type de solutions ? / The subject of shareholder damages has seldom been studied in France. Nonetheless, it is a topic of much discussion and debate in legal circles. Unlike under some foreign laws, French law rarely permits the direct compensation of shareholder damages because of the summa divisio between the personal damage (recoverable) and the damage of the company (not recoverable). However, this distinction is not relevant both in terms of theory and practice. More doubt is cast on this distinction where the potential damage arises from an infringement of the penal law, such as the use of false or misleading information to induce shareholder reliance or action. Furthermore, the internationalisation of capital introduces conflicts of law and jurisdictional questions, asking the courts to first determine whether they are the proper authority to hear a shareholder’s case, and which nation’s laws to apply.This study presents a critical analysis of the positive law and proposes avenues of reforming French laws concerning shareholder damages. Should the existing remedies be changed ? Which remedies should be adopted to reverse the strict trends in French law against adequately compensating shareholders’ losses ?

Submitted by Vitor Cavaliere Machado (vitorcavaliere@gmail.com) on 2017-12-19T13:58:11Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertation Final Version.pdf: 1024233 bytes, checksum: 843f4707f12f7d42ff5d5f1a1fba5c39 (MD5) / Rejected by Janete de Oliveira Feitosa (janete.feitosa@fgv.br), reason: Sr. Vitor, bom dia. Não estamos conseguindo visualizar a submissão digital da sua Dissertação. Favor fazer nova submissão. Aguardamos seu contato quando o senhor realizar essa nova submissão. Não será necessário trazer outro impresso. cordialmente. on 2017-12-27T12:34:46Z (GMT) / Submitted by Vitor Cavaliere Machado (vitorcavaliere@gmail.com) on 2017-12-27T14:23:07Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertation Final Version.pdf: 1024233 bytes, checksum: 843f4707f12f7d42ff5d5f1a1fba5c39 (MD5) / Rejected by Janete de Oliveira Feitosa (janete.feitosa@fgv.br), reason: Sr. Vitor. O arquivo que o senhor está submetendo à Biblioteca Digital, não está deixando que visualizemos as primeiras páginas (01 à 20). Por favor, peço que faca uma verificação no seu arquivo e proceda com nova submissão. Cordialmente, on 2017-12-27T16:00:31Z (GMT) / Submitted by Vitor Cavaliere Machado (vitorcavaliere@gmail.com) on 2018-01-02T11:39:14Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertation Final Version.pdf: 1024233 bytes, checksum: a5d5c7681101a55ac00c268a5e21c448 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Janete de Oliveira Feitosa (janete.feitosa@fgv.br) on 2018-01-02T12:44:39Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertation Final Version.pdf: 1024233 bytes, checksum: a5d5c7681101a55ac00c268a5e21c448 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-01-09T16:37:33Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertation Final Version.pdf: 1024233 bytes, checksum: a5d5c7681101a55ac00c268a5e21c448 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-11-23 / É de grande relevância, tanto no meio acadêmico como para a sociedade como um todo a questão da fraude, um problema recorrente que atinge empresas e governos em diversas partes do mundo. Muitos casos recentes chamam a atenção para este assunto, porém, um em especial, o esquema de corrupção envolvendo práticas ilegais, como pagamentos de propina dentro da Petrobras e outras empresas brasileiras, descoberto após a deflagração da “Operação Lava-Jato”, conduzida pela Polícia Federal e pelo Ministério Público. Após a descoberta desse esquema, muitos envolvidos foram presos, alguns já investigados e condenados pela justiça brasileira. Porém, além dos desdobramentos na esfera criminal de pessoa-física, as práticas de corrupção tiveram outros desdobramentos jurídicos e financeiros no âmbito empresarial, principalmente relacionados a ações judiciais propostas por acionistas da empresa que alegam ter sofrido perdas em seus investimentos. Nesse sentido, dadas as questões financeiras e legais enfrentadas pela Petrobras e demais empresas brasileiras, propomos, através desta pesquisa, determinar como a detecção da fraude impacta no valor das empresas. Para atingir o objetivo final desta pesquisa, usei a metodologia de estudo do evento, proposta por MacKinlay (1997). A amostra deste estudo incluiu as cinco empresas brasileiras listadas na “New York Securities Exchange” (NYSE), que estavam sujeitas a ações de classe nos EUA, até o final de 2016. Os resultados gerais dos testes suportam a hipótese de que a fraude, uma vez divulgada ao mercado, gera reações negativas nos preços das ações, em linha com a literatura existente sobre a influência da fraude no valor das empresas e com a Teoria da Eficiência de Mercado. Nesse sentido, este estudo é capaz de contribuir de maneira significativa para aprofundar a discussão acadêmica relacionada à fraude no Brasil e incentivar as empresas brasileiras de capital aberto a se preocuparem cada vez mais com suas práticas de conformidade e combate à corrupção e se prevenirem em relação aos seus possíveis riscos, desdobramentos e impactos jurídico-financeiros. Além disso, esta pesquisa serve de insumo, não apenas para a gestão de patrimônio dos investidores dos EUA, mas também como um incentivo para aumentar o poder de barganha dos investidores pessoa-física no Brasil / It is of great importance, either for academia or society as a whole, the issue of fraud, a recurring problem that affects companies and governments around the world. Many recent cases draw attention to this issue, but one in particular: the corruption scheme involving illegal practices such as bribery payments inside Petrobras and other Brazilian firms, discovered after the outbreak of the so-called "Operação Lava-Jato" and “Operação Zelotes”, conducted by the Brazilian Federal Police and Federal Public Prosecutor. After the scheme became public, over a hundred people were arrested and many already investigated and condemned by the Brazilian justice, including some of the firm’s former and current employees. In addition to the developments on individual employee´s criminal sphere, once detected, the abovementioned corrupt practices have caused other legal and financial impacts to the firms, mainly related to lawsuits filled by shareholders who claim to have suffered losses on their investments. In this sense, given the financial and legal issues faced by Petrobras and the other Brazilian firms, we propose through this research to determine how disclosed fraud could have an impact on the value of firms. In order to achieve its final goals, this research uses the event study methodology, proposed by MacKinlay (1997). Firm sample includes the five Brazilian firms listed in the New York Securities Exchange (NYSE), which were subject to securities class action lawsuits in the US, as of the end of 2016. Overall test results support the hypothesis that fraud, once disclosed to the market, provides negative stock price reactions, in line with the existing literature on the influence of fraud on firms’ valuation and the Market Efficiency Theory. In this sense, this study is able to provide significant contribution to deepen the academic discussion related to fraud in Brazil and encourage Brazilian firms to increase their concerns about anticorruption and compliance practices and prevent themselves in relation to eventual legal and financial impacts of fraud. In addition, this research contributes, not only to U.S investors wealth management, but also as an incentive to increase the bargain power of individual investors in Brazil

En droits français et italien des sociétés il est difficile d'affirmer l'existence "d'un" droit à réparation en particulier lorsqu'il s'agit du préjudice social, sa réparation étant freinée par le manque d'effectivité de l'action sociale, et du préjudice individuel de l'associé, sa reconnaissance au fond étant limitée. Il est également difficile pour les victimes d'affirmer l'existence "du" droit à réparation, en raison d' obstacles de nature procédurale et financière rencontrés dans la mise en oeuvre de leur droit jusqu'à l'éventuelle condamnation. Les difficultés rencontrées par les victimes révèlent le manque d'effectivité de la réparation des dommages causés par le dirigeant et, par là même, le manque d'effectivité de la responsabilité personnelle de ce dernier. L'étude de certaines dispositions nouvelles des deux pays, en particulier du droit italien, nous invite cependant à réfléchir sur les perspectives d'évolutions. / .