The main objective of this research was to evaluate the effects of chemical treatment and ultrasound processing (sonication) on the fiber composition and rumen degradability of date palm seeds (DPS). For this purpose, five trials were conducted. In the first trial, the effects of treating DPS with 4% sodium hydroxide (NaOH) at different temperatures (23, 50 and 100 0C) and for different times (30, 60 and 356 min) on seeds fiber content and ruminal degradability were evaluated. Relative to untreated seeds, treated seeds had lower (P<0.05) lignin and hemicellulose, and greater (P<0.05) neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF) and cellulose content, particularly at high temperatures. The degradability of seeds organic matter (OM) and NDF were greater (P<0.01) in the treated (41.79 and 35.44%) than untreated seeds (24.71 and 22.77; respectively), particularly when incubated at 23 0C. Treatment time, however, had no effect (P>0.01) on seeds OM and NDF degradability.

Plants are inhabited by diverse species of bacteria and fungi, which affect plant health and fitness. Endophytes are bacteria or fungi that live within plant host tissues without causing symptoms of disease, and mediate important plant traits in agriculture, such as nutrient acquisition, disease resistance, and abiotic stress tolerance. However, we know little about the general ecology of endophytes, including which factors determine their compositions within plants. Seedborne transmission may represent an important source of bacterial and fungal endophytes, which can significantly impact the plant microbiome and plant traits. However, seeds are also a vehicle for transmission of plant pathogens. Seeds are commonly treated to control against seedborne pathogens, and increasingly bacteria and fungi are inoculated onto seeds to serve as biological control against pathogens. My dissertation explores the theoretical and applied ecology of seedborne endophytes of maize, including their interactions with pathogenic Fusarium fungi, and with seed treatments designed to control Fusarium. In Chapter II, I examine factors that affect the transmission of seedborne fungal endophytes and Fusarium into maize seedlings, including the influence of soil microbiota, and the impact of disinfection and biological control seed treatments. In Chapter III, I determine the long-term effects of seed disinfection and biological control inoculants on maize bacterial and fungal endophytes and Fusarium pathogenicity across three different farms. In Chapter IV, I recruit maize seed growers across the Pacific Northwest and U.S. to participate in a broadscale study of seedborne endophytes. Across submitted seed samples, I find commonly occurring seedborne endophyte taxa, and delineate how maize varieties interact with environmental factors to affect the composition and diversity of seed-associated endophytes in seeds. Throughout these chapters, I explore the potential applications of seedborne endophytes in agriculture, particularly as a source for biological control against Fusarium in maize, and speculate how seed treatments can have significant, lasting impacts on the plant microbiome.

Orientador: Edvaldo Aparecido Amaral da Silva / Corientador: Fernando Augusto Henning / Banca: Renake Nogeura Teixeira / Banca: Liliane Marcia Mertz Henning / Resumo: A qualidade de sementes de soja é variável com potencial do genótipo e o ambiente de produção. Portanto a identificação de genótipos que apresentem alto desempenho agronômico, qualidade de sementes (germinação, vigor e longevidade) e que resista ou tolere as condições estressantes constitui forte objeto de pesquisa frente as grandes áreas de produção de soja possuírem ampla distribuição, estando suscetíveis as adversidades climáticas. Objetivou-se com este trabalho estudar a interação de genótipos de soja produzidos diferentes ambientes quanto aos componentes de produção, produtividade, qualidade de sementes e a incidência de sementes verdes. No experimento 1, utilizou-se oito genótipos produzidos em três ambientes distintos no estado do Paraná (Londrina, Ponta Grossa 1 e Ponta Grossa 2) enquanto no experimento 2 foram caracterizados 47 genótipos em ambiente suscetível a estresses ambientais (Londrina - PR). Genótipos produzidos em ambos ambientes de Ponta Grossa obtiveram resultados superiores quanto aos componentes de produção e maior longevidade, já quando produzidos em Londrina, maior qualidade de sementes (germinação, vigor e sanidade). O genótipo TMG7062 apresentou resultados superiores quanto aos componentes de produção e qualidade de sementes, contudo suscetibilidade à formação de sementes verdes (19,75 %) do mesmo modo que o genótipo BRS 1003 (13,5 %). Já os genótipos BMX LANÇA e 95Y52 não apresentaram sementes verdes independentemente do ambiente de produção (Experi... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: The quality of soybean seeds varies with the potential of the genotype and the production environment. Therefore, the identification of genotypes with high agronomic performance, seed quality (germination, vigor and longevity) and resistance or tolerance of stressful conditions constitute a strong object for research as the large areas of soybean production are widely distributed, and they are susceptible to climatic stresses. The objective of this research was to study the interaction of soybean genotypes produced in different environments regarding the production components, yield, seed quality and green seed incidence.In the experiment 1, eight genotypes were produced in three distinct environmental conditions in the state of Paraná (Londrina, Ponta Grossa 1 and Ponta Grossa 2), while in experiment 2, were characterized 47 genotypes in an environment susceptible to environmental stresses (Londrina-PR). Genotypes produced in both environmental condition of Ponta Grossa obtained higher results of yield components and high longevity, however when they were produced in Londrina, they reached the higher quality of seeds (germination, vigor and sanity). The genotype TMG7062 presented higher results of yield components and seed quality, but susceptibility to green seed formation (19.75%) in the same way as genotype BRS 1003 (13.5%). In contrast, the BMX LANÇA and 95Y52 genotypes showed no green seeds regardless of the production environment (Experiment 1). The genotypes, 96Y90 an... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Mestre

Planícies amazônicas alagáveis apresentam espécies arbóreas que estão sujeitas a um pulso de inundação proveniente das chuvas anuais. Muitas destas espécies apresentam estratégias de adaptação ao alagamento, germinando suas sementes e estabelecendo as plântulas antes do próximo período de cheia. Este é o caso de Macrolobium acaciifolium (Benth) Leguminosae (Caesalpinoideae), que ocorre nas cotas altitudinais mais altas das várzeas e igapós amazônicos. Neste trabalho, pela primeira vez foi caracterizado o sistema de mobilização de reservas ao longo do período de germinação e estabelecimento das plântulas de M. acaciifolium, com o objetivo de compreender os mecanismos fisiológicos e bioquímicos relacionados à sua estratégia em face à inundação. O experimento teve duração de 56 dias, nos quais foram realizadas coletas destrutivas e análises não-destrutivas de sementes e de diferentes partes das plântulas para análises de crescimento, fotossíntese, carboidratos não estruturais (frutose, glucose, sacarose e amido), xiloglucano de reserva e análises citoquímicas correspondentes à detecção de proteínas, amido e xiloglucano de reserva. Após análises citoquímicas e de açúcares, é reportado pela primeira vez na literatura científica, a existência de uma semente que acumula simultaneamente amido e xiloglucano de reserva na parede celular. Não foi observada a presença de corpos protéicos, que é uma característica comum de armazenamento de nitrogênio em sementes de Leguminosae, o que indica que a plântula provavelmente estabelece a assimilação de nitrogênio pelas raízes ao invés de armazenar e mobilizar reservas para isto. Nas sementes de M.acaciifolium xiloglucano e amido juntos perfazem 21,6% da massa da semente quiescente. No início da germinação, parte do amido é degradado e há um aumento concomitante de xiloglucano que leva a um equilíbrio entre as duas reservas. Dos 10 aos 14 dias após a embebição (DAE), o amido dos cotilédones é exaurido com concomitante desenvolvimento das raízes e do caule das plântulas. A partir de 20 DAE, o xiloglucano passa a ser degradado e a mobilização ocorre sem alterações na estrutura do polissacarídeo na parede celular e simultâneo acúmulo transitório de galactose, glucose, xilose e amido. Os produtos de degradação do xiloglucano levam à produção de folhas e ao estabelecimento da fotossíntese. As observações feitas neste trabalho sugerem que M. acaciifolium apresenta mecanismos de adaptação aos pulsos de inundação da Amazônia durante o processo de germinação e estabelecimento das plântulas / The Amazonian floodplains display tree species that are subjected to yearly inundation pulses. Several of these species colonize these regions are well adapted to the flood pulses, germinating their seeds and establishing seedlings before the next pulse comes. This is the case of Macrolobium acaciifolium (Benth) Leguminosae (Caesalpinoideae) that occur in the upper part of the riverbanks of the amazonian várzeas and igapós. In the present work, we characterized for the first time the system of storage mobilization along the period of seed germination and seedling establishment with the objective of understanding the physiological and biochemical mechanisms related to the strategy of M. Acaciifolim to face the next flooding season. The experiment was performed for 56 days in which destructive and non-destructive analyses of the seed and different parts of seedlings were performed for analyses of growth, photosynthesis, non-structural carbohydrates (fructose, glucose, sucrose, raffinose and starch), storage xyloglucan and corresponding cytochemical analyses to detect proteins, starch and storage xyloglucan in cotyledon tissues. After cytochemical and sugar analyses, it is reported for the first time in scientific literature the existence of a seed that accumulates starch and storage xyloglucan on the cell wall simultaneously. The presence of protein bodies, a common feature of seeds of the Leguminosae, was not observed, indicating that seedlings probably establish nitrogen assimilation very quickly through the newly formed roots instead of using a storage mobilization system for this reserve type. In seeds of M. Acaciifolium starch and xyloglucan correspond to 21,6% of the quiescent seed mass. At the beginning of germination, some starch is degraded with a concomitant increase in storage xyloglucan so that the yields of the two polymers become equal. From 10 to 14 days after imbibition (DAI), all starch is mobilized to support root and stem growth. From 20 DAI, xyloglucan is completely degraded without changes in its structure and with transient accumulation of galactose, glucose, xylose and starch. The products of degradation of storage xyloglucan lead to the production of leaves and photosynthesis establishment. The observations made in this work suggest that M. Acaciifolium show unique mechanisms of adaptation to the inundation pulses in the Amazon during the germination and seedlings establishment

Yip Mei-kuen. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2000. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 93-102). / Abstracts in English and Chinese. / Acknowledgments --- p.i / List of abbreviations --- p.ii / Abstract --- p.iii / Table of Contents --- p.vi / List of tables --- p.x / List of figures --- p.xii / Chapter 1. --- Introduction --- p.1 / Chapter 1.1 --- Plant of interest --- p.1 / Chapter 1.2 --- Literature review --- p.2 / Chapter 1.2.1 --- Anthocyanins-natural pigments in plants --- p.2 / Chapter 1.2.1.1 --- Sources and biosynthesis --- p.2 / Chapter 1.2.1.2 --- Chemical properties --- p.2 / Chapter 1.2.1.3 --- Biological effects --- p.3 / Chapter 1.2.2 --- Characterization of anthocyanins --- p.4 / Chapter 1.2.3 --- Plant tissue and cell cultures --- p.6 / Chapter 1.2.4 --- Induction of anthocyanins in plant tissue culture --- p.7 / Chapter 1.2.5 --- Factors affecting anthocyanin production --- p.8 / Chapter 1.2.5.1 --- Plant hormones --- p.8 / Chapter 1.2.5.2 --- Nutrients --- p.9 / Chapter 1.2.5.2.1 --- Phosphate --- p.9 / Chapter 1.2.5.2.2 --- Nitrogen --- p.9 / Chapter 1.2.5.3 --- Osmoticums --- p.10 / Chapter 1.2.5.3.1 --- Sucrose --- p.10 / Chapter 1.2.5.3.2 --- Other factors --- p.10 / Chapter 1.3 --- Research objectives --- p.12 / Chapter 2. --- Materials and methods --- p.16 / Chapter 2.1 --- Plant materials --- p.16 / Chapter 2.2 --- Study of pigment formation at different developmental stages --- p.16 / Chapter 2.2.1 --- Cultivation of Vigna sinensis --- p.16 / Chapter 2.2.2 --- Sample collection --- p.16 / Chapter 2.2.3 --- HPLC analysis of pigmented vegetative tissues --- p.16 / Chapter 2.2.4 --- HPLC analysis of seed coats at different developmental stages --- p.17 / Chapter 2.3 --- Characterization of seed coat pigments --- p.17 / Chapter 2.3.1 --- Extraction of seed coats pigments --- p.17 / Chapter 2.3.2 --- Acid hydrolysis of anthocyanins --- p.17 / Chapter 2.3.3 --- High performance liquid chromatography --- p.18 / Chapter 2.3.3.1 --- HPLC system --- p.18 / Chapter 2.3.3.2 --- Analytical conditions --- p.18 / Chapter 2.4 --- Establishment of tissue culture system --- p.19 / Chapter 2.4.1 --- Aseptic plant stocks --- p.19 / Chapter 2.4.2 --- Shoot-tip cultures --- p.19 / Chapter 2.4.3 --- Callus initiation --- p.19 / Chapter 2.4.3.1 --- From seed coats --- p.20 / Chapter 2.4.3.2 --- From vegetative tissues --- p.20 / Chapter 2.4.3.3 --- Light and dark --- p.20 / Chapter 2.4.4 --- Optimization of callus growth --- p.21 / Chapter 2.4.4.1 --- Basal medium --- p.21 / Chapter 2.4.4.2 --- Combination of various plant hormones --- p.21 / Chapter 2.4.4.3 --- Basal salt --- p.21 / Chapter 2.5 --- Studies of anthocyanin production in hypocotyl callus cultures --- p.22 / Chapter 2.5.1 --- Effects of nutrients --- p.22 / Chapter 2.5.1.1 --- Nitrogen --- p.22 / Chapter 2.5.1.2 --- Phosphate --- p.22 / Chapter 2.5.2 --- Osmotic stress --- p.22 / Chapter 2.5.2.1 --- Sucrose --- p.22 / Chapter 2.5.2.2 --- Mannitol --- p.23 / Chapter 2.5.2.3 --- Sodium chloride --- p.23 / Chapter 2.5.2.4 --- Polyethylene glycol --- p.23 / Chapter 2.6 --- Studies of anthocyanin production in cell suspension cultures --- p.23 / Chapter 2.6.1 --- Effects of nutrients --- p.24 / Chapter 2.6.1.1 --- Nitrogen --- p.24 / Chapter 2.6.1.2 --- Phosphate --- p.24 / Chapter 2.6.2 --- Osmotic stress --- p.25 / Chapter 2.6.2.1 --- Sucrose --- p.25 / Chapter 2.6.2.2 --- Polyethylene glycol --- p.25 / Chapter 2.6.3 --- Effects of other factors --- p.25 / Chapter 2.6.3.1 --- Riboflavin --- p.25 / Chapter 2.6.3.2 --- pH --- p.26 / Chapter 2.7 --- Measurement of cell growth --- p.26 / Chapter 2.8 --- Estimation of anthocyanins --- p.26 / Chapter 2.9 --- Statistical analysis --- p.27 / Chapter 3. --- Results --- p.30 / Chapter 3.1 --- Study of pigment formation at different developmental stages --- p.30 / Chapter 3.1.1 --- General description --- p.30 / Chapter 3.1.2 --- HPLC analysis of developing seed coats and other vegetative tissues --- p.30 / Chapter 3.1.3 --- The relationship between pigment formation and seed development --- p.30 / Chapter 3.2 --- Characterization of seed coat pigments --- p.31 / Chapter 3.3 --- Establishment of tissue culture system --- p.43 / Chapter 3.3.1 --- Callus initiations from seed coats --- p.43 / Chapter 3.3.2 --- Callus initiations from vegetative tissues --- p.43 / Chapter 3.3.3 --- Optimization of callus growth --- p.43 / Chapter 3.3.3.1 --- Effects of NAA and BA --- p.43 / Chapter 3.3.3.2 --- Effects of basal medium and combinations of plant hormones --- p.44 / Chapter 3.3.3.3 --- Effects of basal salt --- p.44 / Chapter 3.4 --- Studies of anthocyanin production in hypocotyl callus culture --- p.54 / Chapter 3.4.1 --- Effects of nutrients --- p.54 / Chapter 3.4.1.1 --- Effects of total nitrogen --- p.54 / Chapter 3.4.1.2 --- Effects of phosphate --- p.54 / Chapter 3.4.2 --- Effects of plant hormones --- p.55 / Chapter 3.4.3 --- Osmotic stress --- p.55 / Chapter 3.5 --- Establishment of suspension culture system --- p.64 / Chapter 3.6 --- Studies of anthocyanin production in seed coat suspension cultures --- p.64 / Chapter 3.6.1 --- Nutrient effects on suspension cultures --- p.64 / Chapter 3.6.2 --- Osmotic stress on suspension cultures --- p.65 / Chapter 3.6.3 --- Effects of phosphate with high nitrogen --- p.65 / Chapter 3.6.4 --- Effects of riboflavin with high nitrogen --- p.66 / Chapter 3.6.5 --- Influence of pH with high nitrogen --- p.66 / Chapter 4. --- Discussion --- p.79 / Chapter 4.1 --- Anthocyanin in vegetative tissues and seed coats of Vigna sinensis --- p.79 / Chapter 4.2 --- Factors affecting callus initiation in Vigna sinensis --- p.81 / Chapter 4.2.1 --- Explant types --- p.81 / Chapter 4.2.2 --- Plant hormones --- p.82 / Chapter 4.2.3 --- Basal medium --- p.82 / Chapter 4.3 --- Factors affecting anthocyanin production in callus cultures derived from hypocotyls --- p.83 / Chapter 4.3.1 --- Nutrients --- p.83 / Chapter 4.3.2 --- Osmotic stress --- p.85 / Chapter 4.4 --- Factors affecting anthocyanin production in suspension culture derived from seed coats --- p.86 / Chapter 4.4.1 --- Nutrients --- p.86 / Chapter 4.4.2 --- Osmotic stress --- p.87 / Chapter 4.5 --- Comparison of anthocyanin production from natural source and plant tissue cultures of V.sinensis --- p.89 / Chapter 4.6 --- Further studies --- p.89 / Chapter 5. --- Conclusions --- p.91 / References --- p.93

Most studies of plant hybridisation are concerned with documenting its occurrence in different plant groups. Many flowering plants are polyploids and seeds developed from crosses between individuals of different ploidies usually show abnormal features and often abort. The success or failure of interploidy crosses is very important to understanding the evolution of plants as well as to agriculture, but much remains to be learned about the nature of hybridisation barriers. Several mechanisms have been proposed to explain postzygotic barriers, including negative interactions between diverged sequences, global genome rearrangements, and widespread epigenetic reprogramming. Some recent advances in our understanding of the process of hybridisation are derived from different experimental studies on a series of A. thaliana ecotypes. Crosses between diploid (2x) and tetraploid (4x) individuals of the same ecotype can result in F1 lethality, and this dosage-sensitive incompatibility plays a major role in polyploidy speciation research. We have performed interploidy crosses between different diploid maternal A. thaliana ecotypes and tetraploid paternal Col-0 ecotype and identified a genetic variation in F1 lethality. We also found that maternal parents of some ecotypes such as Tsu-1 suppressed the F1 lethality caused by paternal-excess interploidy cross of Col-0 ecotype. A preliminary mapping exercise produced advanced backcross populations that are suitable for mapping maternal modifiers and for the identification of modifier genes. Furthermore, we studied the killer effect caused by Col-0 and identified three additive QTL that affect the rate of postzygotic lethality in F1 during interploidy crosses. This information will facilitate the identification of paternal genes that cause F1 lethality and contribute to reproductive isolation. The moa-1 (mosaic aneuploidy 1) mutant of A. thaliana was obtained in a screen of chemically (EMS) mutagenised seeds of Landsberg erecta (Ler). moa-1 has various phenotypic differences to wild type; the preliminary karyotype analysis showed that the cells of individual moa-1 mutant plants have a variable number of chromosomes (usually between 11-18). In contrast, the cells of wild type Arabidopsis plants and conventional aneuploids have a fixed number of chromosomes in each somatic cell. This data showed that all moa-1 plants have an abnormal number of chromosomes and thus they were termed as mosaic aneuploids.

Typescript (photocopy). / Digitized by Kansas Correctional Industries

Lau Wing-Sze. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2004. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 131-149). / Abstracts in English and Chinese. / Acknowledgements --- p.i / Abstract --- p.ii / Abstract (Chinese version) --- p.iv / Table of Contents --- p.vi / List of Tables --- p.x / List of Figures --- p.xii / List of Abbreviations --- p.xiv / Chapter Chapter One: --- An overview of Vigna sinensis seeds / Chapter 1.1 --- Introduction --- p.1 / Chapter 1.2 --- Food and functional food --- p.2 / Chapter 1.3 --- Edible legumes as an important food --- p.4 / Chapter 1.4 --- Nutritional an extra-nutritional values of V. sinensis seeds --- p.5 / Chapter Chapter Two: --- Purification of phenolic antioxidants from V. sinensis seeds / Chapter 2.1 --- Introduction --- p.11 / Chapter 2.1.1 --- Reactive oxygen species and antioxidants --- p.12 / Chapter 2.1.2 --- Phenolic flavonoids --- p.15 / Chapter 2.2 --- Materials and Methods / Chapter 2.2.1 --- Chemicals and reagents --- p.24 / Chapter 2.2.2 --- Plant material --- p.25 / Chapter 2.2.3 --- Optimization and extraction of V. sinensis seeds constituents --- p.25 / Chapter 2.2.4 --- Chromatographic separation of phenolic components --- p.26 / Chapter 2.2.5 --- Determination of phenolic contents --- p.27 / Chapter 2.2.6 --- Determination of free radical scavenging ability using trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC) assay --- p.28 / Chapter 2.2.7 --- Statistical analysis --- p.29 / Chapter 2.3 --- Results and Discussion / Chapter 2.3.1 --- Optimization on the extraction of V. sinensis seeds --- p.30 / Chapter 2.3.2 --- Extraction and fractionation of V. sinensis seeds constituents --- p.31 / Chapter 2.3.3 --- Yield of various V sinensis seed fractions --- p.31 / Chapter 2.3.4 --- Phenolic contents in various V. sinensis seed fractions --- p.32 / Chapter 2.3.5 --- Free radical scavenging abilities of various V sinensis seed fractions --- p.33 / Chapter Chapter Three: --- Effect of V. sinensis seed extract on high fat and cholesterol - feeding mice / Chapter 3.1 --- Introduction --- p.41 / Chapter 3.1.1 --- Cholesterol in bloodstream circulation --- p.42 / Chapter 3.1.2 --- "Relationship between LDL oxidation, atherosclerosis and coronary heart disease" --- p.43 / Chapter 3.1.3 --- Diet supplements with beneficial effects on preventing coronary heart disease --- p.44 / Chapter 3.2 --- Materials and Methods --- p.47 / Chapter 3.2.1 --- Chemicals and reagents --- p.47 / Chapter 3.2.2 --- Preparation of diets --- p.48 / Chapter 3.2.3 --- Animals --- p.48 / Chapter 3.2.4 --- Feeding experiments --- p.49 / Chapter 3.2.5 --- Post-feeding analysis --- p.50 / Chapter 3.2.5.1 --- Caecal content and health indices --- p.50 / Chapter 3.2.5.2 --- Serum triglycerides --- p.51 / Chapter 3.2.5.3 --- Serum total cholesterol --- p.52 / Chapter 3.2.5.4 --- High-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol --- p.53 / Chapter 3.2.5.5 --- Low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol --- p.54 / Chapter 3.2.5.6 --- Hepatic lipid and cholesterol --- p.55 / Chapter 3.2.6 --- Statistical analysis --- p.55 / Chapter 3.3 --- Results and Discussion --- p.56 / Chapter 3.3.1 --- Food intakes and body weights of animals --- p.56 / Chapter 3.3.2 --- Caecal contents and health indices --- p.56 / Chapter 3.3.3 --- Effects of V sinensis seed extract on serum and hepatic levels of triglycerides and cholesterol --- p.57 / Chapter Chapter Four: --- Antiproliferative activities of V. sinensis seed extracts / Chapter 4.1 --- Introduction --- p.66 / Chapter 4.1.1 --- Cancer and antioxidant --- p.67 / Chapter 4.1.2 --- Dietary cancer prevention agents --- p.68 / Chapter 4.2 --- Materials and Methods --- p.71 / Chapter 4.2.1 --- Chemicals and reagents --- p.71 / Chapter 4.2.2 --- Cell lines --- p.71 / Chapter 4.2.3 --- Maintenance of cell lines --- p.72 / Chapter 4.2.4 --- Antiproliferation assays --- p.73 / Chapter 4.2.4.1 --- MTT assay --- p.73 / Chapter 4.2.4.2 --- BrdU assay --- p.73 / Chapter 4.2.5 --- Cytotoxic activity determined by lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) assay --- p.77 / Chapter 4.2.6 --- Time-course assay --- p.79 / Chapter 4.2.7 --- Determination of IC50 --- p.79 / Chapter 4.2.8 --- Statistical analysis --- p.79 / Chapter 4.3 --- Results and Discussion --- p.80 / Chapter 4.3.1 --- Antiproliferative activities of V. sinensis seed extracts on HepG2 cells --- p.80 / Chapter 4.3.2 --- Cytotoxic activities of V. sinensis seed extracts on HepG2 cells --- p.82 / Chapter 4.3.3 --- Antiproliferative activities of phenolic fraction on MCF-7cells --- p.83 / Chapter 4.3.4 --- Cytotoxic activity of phenolic fraction on MCF-7 cells --- p.84 / Chapter 4.3.5 --- Time-course study of antiproliferative activities of phenolic fraction on cancer cells --- p.85 / Chapter 4.3.6 --- Effect of phenolic fraction on normal cells --- p.86 / Chapter Chapter Five: --- Antioxidant and antiproliferative activities of selected content flavonoids from V. sinensis seeds / Chapter 5.1 --- Introduction --- p.93 / Chapter 5.1.1 --- Cell cycle progression and regulation --- p.94 / Chapter 5.1.2 --- Bioavailability of plant flavonoids --- p.96 / Chapter 5.1.3 --- Characterization of flavonoids in V. sinensis seed --- p.98 / Chapter 5.2 --- Materials and Methods --- p.102 / Chapter 5.2.1 --- Chemicals and reagents --- p.102 / Chapter 5.2.2 --- Determination of free radical scavenging ability of identified flavonoids from V sinensis seeds using trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC) assay --- p.103 / Chapter 5.2.3 --- Antiproliferation assays --- p.104 / Chapter 5.2.4 --- Cytotoxicity assay --- p.104 / Chapter 5.2.5 --- Time-course assay --- p.104 / Chapter 5.2.6 --- Determination of cell cycle distribution by flow cytometry --- p.105 / Chapter 5.2.7 --- Statistical analysis --- p.106 / Chapter 5.3 --- Results and Discussion --- p.107 / Chapter 5.3.1 --- Free radical scavenging abilities of identified flavonoids from V sinensis seeds --- p.107 / Chapter 5.3.2 --- Antiproliferative activities of selected flavonoids on cancer cells --- p.109 / Chapter 5.3.3 --- Cytotoxic activities of selected flavonoids on cancer cells --- p.111 / Chapter 5.3.4 --- Time -course study of antiproliferative activities on cancer cells --- p.112 / Chapter 5.3.5 --- Cytotoxic activities of selected flavonoids on normal cells --- p.114 / Chapter 5.3.6 --- Determination of the effects of cyanidin on cancer cells by analyzing cell cycle pattern --- p.115 / Chapter Chapter Six: --- Conclusion --- p.128 / References --- p.131

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:22:17Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2013-07-31Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:28:27Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 silva_ta_me_botfca.pdf: 581274 bytes, checksum: 9c25fb110968c6ef98582d2dc60911c7 (MD5) / A cultura da soja apresenta importância comercial extremamente relevante, sendo hoje, o complexo soja considerado como a principal cadeia produtiva do agronegócio mundial. O condicionamento fisiológico das sementes é uma técnica de melhoraria da qualidade fisiológica de sementes, sobretudo daquelas submetidas a condições de estresse. Dentro desse contexto, a pesquisa teve como objetivo avaliar o comportamento agronômico em plantas oriundas de sementes de soja condicionado em diferentes potenciais osmóticos em função dos níveis de vigor, em condições de campo. Inicialmente, as sementes foram qualitativamente avaliadas em laboratório. A partir da caracterização qualitativa, as sementes, então consideradas de alto vigor, foram artificialmente envelhecidas para obtenção das sementes com médio e baixo vigor (36 e 48h). As amostras de sementes com médio e baixo vigor foram submetidas ao condicionamento osmótico, por um período de 12 horas, contados a partir da instalação do tratamento. O experimento foi disposto em blocos ao acaso, em esquema fatorial, 3x2+1, correspondendo a três potencias osmóticos (Testemunha (sementes envelhecidas não condicionadas), -1,0 e -1,2 MPa) e dois níveis de vigor... / The soybean has relevant commercial importance and is considered as the main agribusiness chain worldwide. Seed priming is a technique used to improve seed quality, especially those subjected to stress conditions. Thus, this research aimed at to evaluate the agronomic performance of soybean seeds “primed” under different osmotic potentials, from seed with different levels of vigor. Initially, the seeds quality was assessed in laboratory. Following, the seeds were artificially aged to obtain seeds with medium and low vigor (36 and 48h). Seeds were subjected to priming, for a period of 12 hours. The experiment was arranged in a randomized block design in a factorial scheme 3x2+1, corresponding to three osmotic potential, control, -1.0 and -1.2 MPa and two levels of vigor (medium and low), and a treatment corresponding to dry seeds of high vigor without conditioning. In the filed each experimental unit consisted of five rows of 3 m length each. For the evaluations were considered the three central lines, disregarding 0.50 m from each of its ends and a row on each side of the plot. We evaluated the components of soybean production and productivity. Priming influences the components of production, except for plant height, yield and weight of... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

Orientador: Massanori Takaki / Banca: João Domingos Rodrigues / Banca: Silvio Moure Cícero / Banca: José Marcos Barbosa / Banca: Márcia Balistiero Figliolia / Resumo: Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a relação entre a massa e características morfométricas de frutos e sementes de Tecoma stans, bem como relacionar a massa das sementes a suas características morfológicas, utilizando paquímetro e imagens de raios X, e fisiológicas, através da germinação, emergência e desenvolvimento inicial de suas plântulas, sob duas condições de luminosidade . a pleno sol e sombra. Além disso, também foram avaliados os efeitos de diferentes condições de temperatura e luz constantes, em laboratório, e em ambiente natural no sol e na sombra na germinação e emergência das plântulas. A massa dos frutos apresentou relações lineares significativas e positivas com suas características morfológicas e de produção de sementes. As relações entre a massa das sementes e suas características morfológicas foram positivas e significativas, porém na forma de uma função potência, sendo esta relação mais evidente com a largura do embrião. A massa das sementes também esteve relacionada a determinadas anomalias do desenvolvimento embrionário, observadas nas imagens de raios X. A germinação, a emergência e o desenvolvimento inicial das plântulas foram significativamente afetados pela massa das sementes, porém somente durante os três primeiros meses de desenvolvimento no ambiente de sol. A temperatura apresentou efeito na germinação e suas sementes germinaram tanto na luz quanto no escuro, contudo a emergência e sobrevivência das plântulas no ambiente de sol foi superior em relação ao observado na sombra. / Abstract: This study had the objective to evaluate the relationship between the mass and the morphometric characteristics of Tecoma stans fruits and seeds, as well as to relate the seed mass with its morphometric characteristics, utilizing caliper and X-ray images, and physiological characteristics, thought germination, emergency and seedlings initial development, under two conditions of light - at the sun and shade. More than, also were evaluated the effects of different conditions of constant temperature and light, under laboratory, and natural environment under sun and shade in the germination and emergency of the seedlings. The fruit mass presented positive, significative linear relationship with his morphological characteristics and with its seed production characteristics. The relationship between seed mass and its morphological characteristics were positive and significative, nevertheless with the model (shape) of power function, being the relationship more clear with the embryo width. The seed mass also was related to determinate anomalies of the embryo development that could be observed in the X-ray images. The germination, the seedling emergence and the initial seedling development were significative affected by seed mass, but only in the firth three months of development at the sun environment. The temperature affected Tecoma stans seed germination in both light and darkness environment, however the seedlings emergency and survival was greater at the sun environment than shade. / Doutor