Thesis (M.S.)--Ohio University, November, 2006. / Title from PDF t.p. Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Ohio State University, 2007. / Title from first page of PDF file. Includes bibliographical references (p. 88-93).

The aim of this study was to provide an account of the power relations that are implicit in the experience of clients who initially withhold but eventually disclose a sensitive issue in the psychotherapeutic dialogue. Mainstream psychotherapeutic literature has maintained that clients who withhold sensitive material implicitly express a psychological powerlessness. The literature review also turned attention to an alternative view, not arising from within the psychotherapeutic literature. Specific reference was made to the work of Foucault who suggests that although clients may appear to be empowered through self-disclosure, they are in fact constrained, since disclosing themselves constitutes. an appropriation of selfunderstanding which forecloses openness to other forms of self-understanding. The tension between these conflicting accounts about the relation of self-disclosure to empowerment was discussed as an issue requiring further exploration through clinical research. A phenomenologically orientated research method was used to describe the experiences of five clients who withheld and subsequently disclosed sensitive issues in psychotherapy. These descriptions yielded a thematically differentiated process of psychological change. The structure of client inhibition and self-disclosure was seen to correspond to the concepts of powerlessness and empowerment outlined in the psychotherapeutic literature. The apparent empowerment of clients during self-disclosure casts doubt on Foucault's perspective. However, on further reflection and through a review of the research method, it became apparent that the lack of support for Foucault's perspective was a consequence of the particular research method used rather than an indication of the non-existence of constraint. Ricoeur's hermeneutic phenomenology was used to develop the above methodological critique. Using this alternative approach the researcher critically evaluated the findings of the phenomenological study. This facilitated a reinterpretation of the clinical material. It emerged that the experience of empowerment represents a particular form of selfunderstanding, and it was shown, in relation to the clinical material, how this can indeed as Foucault suggests (because of its very specificity) constrain the client from understanding him/herself in alternative ways. It was revealed that the experience of empowerment is a necessary but limited component of successful client disclosure. This does not, however, go far enough. It was suggested that ideally, critical reflection on the constraints of self-understanding, rather than self-disclosure per se, should be regarded as the destination of the urge to self-disclosure.

Självexponering (self-disclosure) är en process där man delar med sigav sina tankar, känslor och berättar saker om sig själv till en annanperson av egen vilja. Syftet med studien var att undersöka vadungdomar berättar och inte berättar till sina föräldrar och undersökavilka strategier de använder. Ungdomar i årskurs åtta i en stadbelägen i Mellansverige blev intervjuade i grupp. Totalt 53respondenter ställde upp på intervjuerna, varav 26 var flickor och 27pojkar. En tematisk analys genomfördes och materialet struktureradesin i fem olika teman: positiva upplevelser, negativa upplevelser, närarelationer, fritidsaktiviteter och filtreringsstrategier. Ungdomar valdeoftast att strategiskt dölja information då de kände att föräldrarnakunde bli upprörda, vilket var något de ville undvika. Undanhållandetav information kunde även kopplas till rädsla och ängslan över attbehöva ha djupa samtal med föräldrarna. Utlämnandet av informationberodde på hur bra relationen var mellan förälder och barn. / Self-disclosure is a process of sharing your thoughts, feelings andsharing information about yourself to another person. The purpose ofthis study was to examine what adolescents disclose and what theydon't disclose to their parents as well as how they withholdinformation from their parents. A total of 53 adolescents consisting of26 females and 27 males in the 8th grade participated in groupinterviewsin this study. In a thematic analysis of interviews, it wasfound five different themes: positive experiences, negativeexperiences, close relationships, leisure activities and strategies forwithholding information. The results showed that adolescents chose towithhold information from their parents when they felt that theirparents could get upset. Adolescents feared the consequences andwanted to avoid conversations with their parents where they had toexplain themselves. Disclosure of information depended often on howstrong the relationship was between parent and child.

This study explores the relationship between classroom disclosure of political views and opinions by professors and student perceptions. A sample of students (N = 158) chose to participate in a survey asking questions about their perceptions of the amount, depth, and inappropriateness of teacher political disclosure, as well as whether or not they agreed with their professor's disclosed political ideology. The questionnaire also measured student perceptions of the teacher's subsequent competence, goodwill, trustworthiness, student state motivation, and student affective learning (content and teacher). The data revealed negative relationships between perceived inappropriateness of political disclosure and perceived competence and goodwill of the professor. Another finding of this study was that students who disagreed with their professors' disclosed political views tended to perceive those professors as less competent and trustworthy, and reported lower state motivation and affective learning.

No description available.

Organizations often take trust for granted or ignore it, although trust is important for organizational learning and performance. Organizations must continuously learn if they are to survive, and trust facilitates individual and organizational learning. However, many authors either mention the importance of trust, or assume trust is present, and then discuss other topics as if little can be done to better understand the antecedents of trust or to improve trust in an organization. In particular, prior to this study, researchers had not explored the influence of adult attachment and disclosiveness on organizational trust. Human resources development professionals can play a vital role by helping leaders in their organizations attain strategic goals, however, no research study done previously has focused on how trust in an organization is influenced by adult attachment and disclosiveness. There is a need to better understand organizational trust because in today's global economy, an organization's ability to survive may depend in part on individual and organizational learning facilitated by trust. This study focused on a main research question "What portion of the variance in employees' perceptions of organizational trust do employees' adult attachment and disclosiveness explain?" During this research, a revised instrument for measuring organizational trust was developed. The findings of this study showed that disclosiveness did not have a statistically significant influence on organizational trust. In contrast, fearful attachment, in particular was shown to have a modest, statistically significant, and negative influence on organizational trust. / Ph. D.

The purpose of this research was to explore what women who are, or have been, in therapy for an eating disorder find helpful about that therapy. Since the perspectives and voices of women in therapy are largely absent from the treatment literature, participants were asked to talk about their experiences in therapy, particularly those aspects they identified as helping them change in desirable ways. In-depth interviews were conducted with nine women and one therapist who treated each of them individually. Qualitative methods of analysis were employed that privileged the voices of participants and used the therapist's comments to add depth to the understanding of the results. The results of this research are organized to help clinicians arrange their thinking about how to work with clients who have eating problems. Five categories, or aspects, of helpfulness were created: relationship aspects, self of therapist aspects, within therapy aspects, outside therapy but related to treatment aspects, and having nothing to do with therapy aspects. Participants' voices are used to add depth and details to each of these aspects. Suggestions for therapists are included. / Ph. D.

This study is a 2 X 4 factorial design investigating the effects of (1) four levels of symbolic environmental manipulation (artwork) and (2) two conditions of therapist demand characteristic (claiming or disclaiming of the artwork as reflective of personal taste) on the self disclosing behavior of 80 female college freshmen in an intake interview-analogue. The artwork manipulation consists of (1) an erotic art condition with four prints, (2) a mixed-content condition with one thematic print in each of the areas of sexuality, aggression, family concerns, and achievement, (3) an abstract art control condition with four prints, and (4) a no-art control condition. Dependent measures include: (1) the scaled intimacy value of the questions selected by the subjects, (2) the duration of actual self-disclosure, and (3) an intimacy/breadth rating of transcripts of taped actual disclosure. A main effect of artwork on self-disclosure was predicted specifically for sexual disclosure in the erotic artwork condition and generally for disclosure on all topics in the mixed-content condition, as a result of the cueing effect of the artwork stimuli. An interaction of artwork and therapist demand characteristic was predicted also as an interactive result of cueing and reciprocity of non-verbal disclosure by the interviewer, through the claimed personal symbolic artwork. In addition, in conditions in which artwork cues are present, subjects were predicted to be more comfortable disclosing and more likely to attribute their disclosure externally, a main effect of artwork on attribution and comfort. An interaction of artwork and therapist demand was also predicted such that subjects with relevant artwork claimed by the interviewer would report ·maximum comfort and external attribution. The hypotheses were not confirmed, and no significant results were found. Subjects apparently found the interviewer herself more salient than environmental cues. Subject comfort was correlated with perceived comfort of the interviewer and external attribution of self-disclosing behavior to interviewer traits. / Ph. D.

No description available.