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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Desenvolvimento de um mecanismo semi-supervisionado para segmentação de tumores em imagens de mamografia digital

CORDEIRO, Filipe Rolim 16 December 2015 (has links)
Submitted by Fabio Sobreira Campos da Costa (fabio.sobreira@ufpe.br) on 2016-07-01T12:22:19Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) Tese_Filipe_Cordeiro.pdf: 19608976 bytes, checksum: a0ff2fa1256af4323f10bfcbb3df974d (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-07-01T12:22:19Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) Tese_Filipe_Cordeiro.pdf: 19608976 bytes, checksum: a0ff2fa1256af4323f10bfcbb3df974d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-12-16 / De acordo com a Organização Mundial de Saúde, o câncer de mama é a forma mais comum de câncer entre as mulheres no mundo todo, sendo um dos tipos de câncer mais fatal. Estudos mostram que o diagnóstico precoce pode contribuir para a redução da taxa de mortalidade e aumentar as opções de tratamento. Apesar da existência de várias técnicas de obtenção de imagens no auxílio ao diagnóstico de câncer de mama, a mamografia digital é ainda a tecnologia mais eficaz e utilizada para esse fim. Consequentemente, a segmentação de imagens de mamografia é uma tarefa fundamental para auxiliar o diagnóstico, levando em consideração a forma da lesão mamária e suas bordas. No entanto, a segmentação de imagens de mamografia é uma tarefa complexa, uma vez que ela é muito dependente dos tipos de tecido mamário e da lesão. O algoritmo GrowCut é um método de segmentação de propósito geral baseado em autômatos celulares, capaz de realizar uma segmentação precisa através da seleção adequada de pontos internos e externos à região de interesse. Neste trabalho é apresentado um novo algoritmo semi-supervisionado baseado na modificação do algoritmo GrowCut para realizar segmentação de imagens de mamografia de forma semi-automática. No método proposto é utilizada uma função de pertinência fuzzy Gaussiana para modificar a regra de evolução do algoritmo GrowCut original, visando estimar as probabilidades de um pixel pertencer ao objeto ou fundo da imagem. Esse modelo permite uma maior flexibilidade na inicialização das sementes quando comparado à trabalhos no estado da arte, pois a marcação realizada pelo especialista é utilizada extraindo-se informação do conjunto de sementes, e não informações do posicionamento individual, como o presente no GrowCut clássico. Foi também desenvolvido uma etapa de geração automática de sementes, onde apenas pontos internos da região de interesse são selecionados, através do uso do método de otimização Evolução Diferencial. Além disso, foi desenvolvido um método de ajuste de parâmetros adaptativo, que a partir da extração de características da imagem ajusta os melhores parâmetros para o algoritmo. A abordagem desenvolvida é comparada qualitativamente e quantitativamente com técnicas de segmentação do estado da arte BEMD, BMCS, WAGA, Abordagem Topográfica e MCW, usando métricas relacionadas à forma das regiões segmentadas. As análises são avaliadas utilizando regiões de interesse da base IRMA, totalizando 1.165 mamogramas. Resultados mostram que o algoritmo proposto obteve melhores resultados, considerando similaridade com imagem ouro, para as métricas utilizadas. Para validar a proposta , foi construído um classificador de imagem usando o Perceptron Multicamadas clássico. Resultados mostraram que a técnica proposta obteve taxa de classificação de 94,77%, evidenciado a viabilidade do método proposto. / According to the World Health Organization, breast cancer is the most common cancer in women worldwide, becoming one of the most fatal types of cancer. Several studies show that the early diagnosis technologies can contribute to reduce the mortality rates and improve treatment options. Despite the existence of several imaging techniques to aid at the diagnosis of breast cancer, digital mammography is still the most used and effective imaging technology. Consequently, mammographic image segmentation is a fundamental task to support image diagnosis, considering shape analysis of mammary lesions and their borders. However, mammogram image segmentation is a hard task, once it is highly dependent on the types of mammary tissues. The GrowCut algorithm is a general-purpose segmentation method based on cellular automata, able to perform accurate segmentation through the adequate selection of internal and external points of the region of interest. Herein this work we present a new semi-supervised segmentation algorithm based on the modification of the GrowCut algorithm to perform semi-automatic mammographic image segmentation. In our proposal, we used a fuzzy Gaussian membership function to modify the evolution rule of the original GrowCut algorithm, in order to estimate the probabilities of a pixel being object or background. This model allows flexibility in the seeds initialization when compared to state of the art techniques, because the annotation executed by the specialist is used through the extraction of information of set os seeds, in opposite to the individual seeds information present in classical GrowCut .An automatic seed generation step was developed, where only the seeds internal to the region of interest are selected, using the Differential Evolution algorithm. Furthermore, we developed an adaptive parameter tuning method, which from the image characteristics it find the best parameters to the algorithm. The proposed approach was qualitatively and quantitatively compared with other state-of-the-art segmentation techniques BEMD, BMCS, WAGA, Topographic Approach and MCW, using metrics related to the shape of segmented regions. The analysis are evaluated using regions of interest from IRMA database, totaling 1.165 mammograms. Results show that the proposed algorithm achieved better results, considering similarity with ground truth, for the used metrics. In order to validate our proposal we built an image classifier using a classical Multilayer Perceptron. This analysis employed 1.165 mammograms from IRMA breast cancer database Results show that the proposed technique could achieve a classification rate of 94.77%, evidencing the feasibility of our approach.
2

Unraveling Complexity: Panoptic Segmentation in Cellular and Space Imagery

Emanuele Plebani (18403245) 03 June 2024 (has links)
<p dir="ltr">Advancements in machine learning, especially deep learning, have facilitated the creation of models capable of performing tasks previously thought impossible. This progress has opened new possibilities across diverse fields such as medical imaging and remote sensing. However, the performance of these models relies heavily on the availability of extensive labeled datasets.<br>Collecting large amounts of labeled data poses a significant financial burden, particularly in specialized fields like medical imaging and remote sensing, where annotation requires expert knowledge. To address this challenge, various methods have been developed to mitigate the necessity for labeled data or leverage information contained in unlabeled data. These encompass include self-supervised learning, few-shot learning, and semi-supervised learning. This dissertation centers on the application of semi-supervised learning in segmentation tasks.<br><br>We focus on panoptic segmentation, a task that combines semantic segmentation (assigning a class to each pixel) and instance segmentation (grouping pixels into different object instances). We choose two segmentation tasks in different domains: nerve segmentation in microscopic imaging and hyperspectral segmentation in satellite images from Mars.<br>Our study reveals that, while direct application of methods developed for natural images may yield low performance, targeted modifications or the development of robust models can provide satisfactory results, thereby unlocking new applications like machine-assisted annotation of new data.<br><br>This dissertation begins with a challenging panoptic segmentation problem in microscopic imaging, systematically exploring model architectures to improve generalization. Subsequently, it investigates how semi-supervised learning may mitigate the need for annotated data. It then moves to hyperspectral imaging, introducing a Hierarchical Bayesian model (HBM) to robustly classify single pixels. Key contributions of include developing a state-of-the-art U-Net model for nerve segmentation, improving the model's ability to segment different cellular structures, evaluating semi-supervised learning methods in the same setting, and proposing HBM for hyperspectral segmentation. <br>The dissertation also provides a dataset of labeled CRISM pixels and mineral detections, and a software toolbox implementing the full HBM pipeline, to facilitate the development of new models.</p>

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