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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Sequentially Optimized Meshfree Approximation as a New Computation Fluid Dynamics Method

Wilkinson, Matthew 06 September 2012 (has links)
This thesis presents the Sequentially Optimized Meshfree Approximation (SOMA) method, a new and powerful Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) solver. While standard computational methods can be faster and cheaper that physical experimentation, both in cost and work time, these methods do have some time and user interaction overhead which SOMA eliminates. As a meshfree method which could use adaptive domain refinement methods, SOMA avoids the need for user generated and/or analyzed grids, volumes, and meshes. Incremental building of a feed-forward artificial neural network through machine learning to solve the flow problem significantly reduces user interaction and reduces computational cost. This is done by avoiding the creation and inversion of possibly dense block diagonal matrices and by focusing computational work on regions where the flow changes and ignoring regions where no changes occur.
2

Design of Statistically and Energy Efficient Accelerated Life Tests

Zhang, Dan January 2014 (has links)
Because of the needs for producing highly reliable products and reducing product development time, Accelerated Life Testing (ALT) has been widely used in new product development as an alternative to traditional testing methods. The basic idea of ALT is to expose a limited number of test units of a product to harsher-than-normal operating conditions to expedite failures. Based on the failure time data collected in a short time period, an ALT model incorporating the underlying failure time distribution and life-stress relationship can be developed to predict the product reliability under the normal operating condition. However, ALT experiments often consume significant amount of energy due to the harsher-than-normal operating conditions created and controlled by the test equipment used in the experiments. This challenge may obstruct successful implementations of ALT in practice. In this dissertation, a new ALT design methodology is developed to improve the reliability estimation precision and the efficiency of energy utilization in ALT. This methodology involves two types of ALT design procedures - the sequential optimization approach and the simultaneous optimization alternative with a fully integrated double-loop design architecture. Using the sequential optimum ALT design procedure, the statistical estimation precision of the ALT experiment will be improved first followed by energy minimization through the optimum design of controller for the test equipment. On the other hand, we can optimize the statistical estimation precision and energy consumption of an ALT plan simultaneously by solving a multi-objective optimization problem using a controlled elitist genetic algorithm. When implementing either of the methods, the resulting statistically and energy efficient ALT plan depends not only on the reliability of the product to be evaluated but also on the physical characteristics of the test equipment and its controller. Particularly, the statistical efficiency of each candidate ALT plan needs to be evaluated and the corresponding controller capable of providing the required stress loadings must be designed and simulated in order to evaluate the total energy consumption of the ALT plan. Moreover, the realistic physical constraints and tracking performance of the test equipment are also addressed in the proposed methods for improving the accuracy of test environment. In this dissertation, mathematical formulations, computational algorithms and simulation tools are provided to handle such complex experimental design problems. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first methodological investigation on experimental design of statistically precise and energy efficient ALT. The new experimental design methodology is different from most of the previous work on planning ALT in that (1) the energy consumption of an ALT experiment, depending on both the designed stress loadings and controllers, cannot be expressed as a simple function of the related decision variables; (2) the associated optimum experimental design procedure involves tuning the parameters of the controller and evaluating the objective function via computer experiment (simulation). Our numerical examples demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed methodology in improving the reliability estimation precision while minimizing the total energy consumption in ALT. The robustness of the sequential optimization method is also verified through sensitivity analysis.
3

Sequential stopping under different environments of weak information

Dendievel, Rémi 10 November 2016 (has links) (PDF)
Notre thèse s’articule autour du thème de l’utilisation optimale de l’information contenue dans un modèle probabiliste flexible. Dans le premier chapitre, nous couvrons des résultats bien connus des martingales comme le théorème de convergence dit L1 des martingales et le théorème d’arrêt. Nous discutons de problèmes ouverts similaires au «last arrival problem» (Bruss et Yor, 2012) qui sont des vrais défis du point de vue théorique et nous ne pouvons que conjecturer la stratégie optimale.Dans les chapitres suivants, nous résolvons des extensions de problèmes d’arrêt optimal proposés par R. R. Weber (U. Cambridge), basés sur le «théorème des odds» (Bruss, 2000). En résumé, il s’agit d’effectuer une seule action (un seul arrêt) lorsque deux suites d’observations indépendantes sont observées simultanément. Nous donnons la solution à ces problèmes pour un nombre (fixé) choisi de processus.Le chapitre suivant passe en revue la plupart des développements récents (depuis 2000) réalisés autour du «théorème des odds» (Bruss, 2000). Le matériel présenté fut publié (2013), il a donc été mis à jour dans cette thèse pour inclure les derniers résultats depuis cette date.Puis nous réservons un chapitre pour une solution explicite pour un cas particulier du Problème d’arrêt optimal de Robbins. Ce chapitre est basé sur un article publié par l’auteur en collaboration avec le professeur Swan (Université de Liège). Ce chapitre offre une belle illustration des difficultés rencontrées lorsque trop d’information sur les variables est contenue dans le modèle. La solution optimale de ce problème dans le cas général n’est pas connue. Par contre, contre-intuitivement, dans le «last arrival problem» mentionné plus haut, moins d’information permet, comme nous le montrons, de trouver en effet la solution optimale.La thèse contient un dernier chapitre sur un problème de nature plus combinatoire que nous pouvons lier à la théorie des graphes dans une certaine mesure. Nous étudions le processus de création d’un graphe aléatoire particulier et les propriétés des cycles créés par celui-ci. Le problème est séquentiel et permet d’envisager des problèmes d’arrêt intéressants. Cette étude a des conséquences en théorie des graphes, en analyse combinatoire ainsi qu’en science de la chimie combinatoire pour les applications. Un de nos résultats est analogue au résultat de Janson (1987) relatif au premier cycle créé pendant la création de graphes aléatoires. / Doctorat en Sciences / info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished

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