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Thesis (LLM. (Labour Law)) -- University of Limpopo, 2022 / Sexual harassment remains an issue in the workplace as result of ineffective legislative and other measures that fail to recognise sexual harassment as a form of discrimination that is gender orientated. Gender inequality is credited as one of the contributors of sexual harassment, as more women than men suffer sexual harassment in the workplace. Moreover, sexual harassment has adverse effects on the individual who is on the receiving end of it, which are psychological in nature. This alone may lead to the abuse of substances as a form of coping mechanism, to arriving late to work or quitting which also affects productivity. In an attempt to confront the issue of sexual harassment, laws were created over the years, both at national and international level. Although some countries show efficiency in the creation of these laws by responding with urgency, some countries have had a more difficult time formulating appropriate and effective laws, with some countries having very little laws aimed at combatting sexual harassment in the workplace. At the same time workplace sexual harassment policies have proven to be an effective weapon against the gendered inequality that is sexual harassment if implemented effectively.

This study examined changes between 1950 and 1970 in women's aggregate occupational position in 168 Standard Metropolitan Statistical Areas. Specifically, the research was designed to study three aspects of women's occupational position. First, women's distribution across occupational categories (absolute position) was examined. Absolute position was defined as the percent of working women in professional and managerial occupations. Second, women's occupational position compared to men (relative position) was examined. This involved women's share of the total jobs in each occupational category. Third, the statistical relationship between women's occupational position and their labor force participation rate was investigated using zero-order correlations.

published_or_final_version / Social Work / Master / Master of Social Work

This research report set out to provide an evaluation of the progress made by the Department of Justice and Constitutional Development with respect to affirmative action and employment equity, and particularly with respect to the promotion of greater gender equity in employment, especially at the management levels.

Changes in income and representation in managerial occupations is explored separately for women and men among the United States' eight largest race/ethnic minority groups for each decennial census of 1960, 1970, 1980 and 1990 to determine how much change has occurred between 1960 and 1990 in race and ethnic inequality, and in gender inequality within each race/ethnic group. Insights from gender theory are applied to minority group inequality and insights from minority group theory are applied to gender inequality with some degree of success. Economic change is uneven among the groups, with the largest specific change being the movement of women into managerial jobs. A clear pattern also emerged indicating that the higher the average representation of a minority group in managerial jobs, the greater the gap between women and men. The income of all persons with income, however, did not exhibit such a clear pattern across the different groups.

Thesis (MTech (Business Administration))--Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2017. / This literature-based case study investigated the influence of gender differences and cultural values on women’s promotion prospects in the public sector of three sub-Saharan countries, namely: the Democratic Republic of Congo, Nigeria and Sudan and provided a framework designed to facilitate the implementation of women’s promotion prospects in the public sector. Worldwide, women employed in the public sector are stereotyped and discriminated against by being by-passed for high-level positions by men who consider themselves more capable employees. As such, women are overlooked for promotion and encounter the ‘glass ceiling’, which hampers their efforts at accomplishing their career goals. Equality in promotion will improve women’s living conditions and benefit society. While studies have been conducted on several women’s issues, none has focused on how gender differences and cultural values affect women’s promotion in sub-Saharan Africa. This gap needs to be addressed. The design of the study was qualitative as it provides insights into the phenomenon studied. The data collection method was desk research, owing to financial constraints that did not allow for travelling to collect primary data. The study found that gender discrimination exists in both society and the public sector workplaces in the Democratic Republic of Congo, Nigeria and Sudan as a consequence of multi-ethnicity, religion (Sharia law) and war in the Sudan, particularly. The effects of cultural values on promotion and employment in these countries are palpable. The process of how women are promoted to leadership in the public sector is, however, unclear. The study also revealed that in a country like Rwanda, where equal gender opportunities exist socio-economically, fast economic growth and enhanced societal living conditions have been realised. Women’s promotion and well-being is strongly related to the elimination of poverty and the enhancement of living conditions such as reduced child starvation and death. Equality and empowerment of women is now globally accepted as a core human right that needs to be sustained. In this direction, a comprehensive framework for the implementation of gender policies on women’s promotion prospects was developed.

Submitted by Filipe dos Santos (fsantos@pucsp.br) on 2017-10-27T12:27:51Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Andréa Peres Mendes.pdf: 800144 bytes, checksum: ef4421aa0ed669787f38704dc20b7433 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-10-27T12:27:51Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Andréa Peres Mendes.pdf: 800144 bytes, checksum: ef4421aa0ed669787f38704dc20b7433 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-09-19 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / The achievements of women's struggle for equal rights in the last decades are undeniable, however, there are still a number of discriminatory barriers, mainlly in the workplace that limit the achievement of the goals of contemporary western women as a worker and income-earner. This dissertation describes the most common obstacles, how they arise and if it is possible to overcome them. Motherhood appears in this study as a dubious and complex obstacle because for some women at the same time as it is a personal fulfillment it is also a personal collection that resonates in its development and makes it have to choose between a successful career (according to her point of view of what success is in the second decade of the 21st century) and being a good mother (according to concepts founded and disseminated in the last century). For this analysis I was used the concept Crystal Labyrinth, developed by the researchers Alice Eagly & Linda Carli (2007). Since this enlarges the idea of Glass Ceiling, concept created in the 1970s to describe the invisible barrier that prevented the growth of women's careers. The Crystal Labyrinth understands that developing a successful career as a woman is possible, but the path is slow, tortuous, and complex because of the numerous discriminatory barriers women have to deal with at every stage of the development of their work life And not just with regard to job promotions in the workplace / São inegáveis as conquistas resultantes da luta das mulheres por direitos iguais nas últimas décadas, no entanto, ainda existem uma série de barreiras discriminatórias, especialmente no mercado de trabalho, que limitam a realização dos objetivos da mulher contemporânea ocidental, enquanto trabalhadora e geradora de renda. Esta dissertação descreve os entraves mais comuns, como eles surgem e se é possível superá-los. A maternidade aparece nesse estudo como um obstáculo dúbio e complexo porque para algumas mulheres ao mesmo tempo em que ela é uma realização pessoal também é uma cobrança pessoal que ressoa em seu desenvolvimento e a faz ter que optar entre uma carreira bem-sucedida (de acordo com a visão do que é ter sucesso na segunda década do século XXI) e ser uma boa mãe (segundo conceitos fundamentados e disseminados no século passado). Para esta análise foi utilizado o conceito Labirinto de Cristal, desenvolvido pelas pesquisadoras Alice Eagly & Linda Carli (2007). Uma vez que este amplia a ideia de Teto de Vidro, conceito criado na década de 1970 para descrever a barreira invisível que impedia o crescimento das carreiras femininas. O Labirinto de Cristal entende que desenvolver uma carreira bem-sucedida sendo mulher é possível, mas o caminho é lento, tortuoso e complexo devido às inúmeras barreiras discriminatórias com as quais as mulheres têm que lidar em todas as etapas do desenvolvimento de sua vida no trabalho e não apenas no que se refere às promoções de cargo no ambiente laboral

Thesis (LLM. (Labour Law)) -- University of Limpopo, 2014 / The discussion looks at the history of commercial sex and how it has evolved in South Africa. The discussion evaluates the challenges that commercial sex workers face in South Africa and argues that the dignity of sex workers as citizens of South Africa are infringed and it would seem that less is being done to protect these workers due to nature of their work. It is argued that sex workers are still entitled to the rights enshrined in the Constitution despite the illegality of sex work. This discussion argues further that sex work continues to exist in South Africa despite its illegality and it would be prudent to address the challenges that encourage sex work because the criminalization of this type of work does not seem to minimize sex work. The discussion further looks at the case of Kylie v CCMA which has been subject to much debate recently. The discussion also makes a comparative study with Germany and determines the lessons which South Africa can learn from this country regarding decriminalization of sex work.

Thesis (LLM. (Labour Law)) -- University of Limpopo, 2014 / The discussion looks at the history of commercial sex and how it has evolved in South Africa. The discussion evaluates the challenges that commercial sex workers face in South Africa and argues that the dignity of sex workers as citizens of South Africa are infringed and it would seem that less is being done to protect these workers due to nature of their work. It is argued that sex workers are still entitled to the rights enshrined in the Constitution despite the illegality of sex work. This discussion argues further that sex work continues to exist in South Africa despite its illegality and it would be prudent to address the challenges that encourage sex work because the criminalization of this type of work does not seem to minimize sex work. The discussion further looks at the case of Kylie v CCMA which has been subject to much debate recently. The discussion also makes a comparative study with Germany and determines the lessons which South Africa can learn from this country regarding decriminalization of sex work.