本研究之目的在探討，上期對本期所做之盈餘預測與本期實際盈餘間誤差所產生之未預期盈餘，對於管理階層在本期預測下期盈餘以及財務分析師針對該預測所作之預測修正，即對於該兩者的攸關性是否會隨著34號公報之實施而提高，也就是說，在34號公報實施之後，未預期盈餘對於管理當局盈餘預測以及分析師預測修正之影響，是否會更加顯著相關。 實證結果顯示，不論34號公報適用前後，管理當局盈餘預測與未預期盈餘之間皆具有攸關性，但在34號公報適用之後，兩者之間的顯著性並未增強；而另一方面，在34號公報適用前後，財務分析師盈餘預測修正與未預期盈餘之間皆具有攸關性，且在34號公報適用之後，兩者之間的顯著性有增強。 / This thesis examines whether the issuance of SFAS No.34 can heighten the association between the unexpected earnings for current period and the management earnings forecast for the next period. This research also examines if the issuance of SFAS No.34 will heighten the relationship between the unexpected earnings for current period and the analysts’ revision of the management earnings forecast for the next period. The unexpected earnings mean the difference between the earnings forecast for current period and the actual earnings in current period This thesis finds that there is a negative association between management earnings forecast and the error of the expected earnings whether SFAS No.34 has been issued or not, but the issuance of SFAS No.34 doesn’t heighten the association between the management earnings forecast and the error of the expected earnings. Besides, the result of the research shows that there is a positive relationship between the analyst’s revision of the management earnings forecast and the error of the expected earnings. Furthermore, the relationship is heightened by the issuance of SFAS No.34.

隨著國際化的發展，企業為降低財務報表重編的相關成本，採用全球統一的財務會計準則已成趨勢。近年來，我國之財務會計準則委員會陸續修訂了若干公報，其中之一為第十號公報。該公報修訂至生效時期，正值全球金融風暴。因此，政府對實施該公報的時機決策反覆，而企業界、會計界及媒體皆對該公報相當關注。 本研究旨在探討新十號公報對整體市場、各產業及不同特性公司之影響。本研究採用事件研究法，以似乎不相關迴歸模式，分析我國公司在該公報修訂期間及政府實施決策期間之股票累積平均異常報酬率。 研究結果指出，在新十號公報修訂期間，市場對該公報的反應較為負面；在政府政策反覆期間，市場反應則有正有負。各產業部份，電子業於該公報修訂初期受影響較大，推論原因為電子業固定成本高、毛利較低之緣故；而在該公報政府實施決策階段則受影響較小，推論原因為大部分電子業公司均做好因應措施。公司特性部分，大公司對該公報愈持正面態度；老公司則較排斥該公報；前三年度虧損的公司，受該公報影響較小；而成長機會較多之公司，在該公報制定初期受影響較大，但於政府實施決策階段反而受影響較小。 / To pursue globalization, it has been a trend for firms to gradually adopt the International Accounting Standards; that would help reduce the costs related to cross-border restatement of financial reports. To converge with the International Accounting Standards, the Financial Accounting Standards of Taiwan has been revised in recent years. One of the revised standards is the new SFAS No. 10. That revision took place amid the financial crisis. Before the new standard became effective, the government in Taiwan swung on the timing issue of formal adoption. As a result, firms, practitioners, and the media all paid close attention to the new SFAS No. 10. This study aims to examine the revision and adoption decision effects of the new SFAS No. 10 on the stock market, industries, and firms. Firm characteristics that could be factors of the reaction were also examined. This research is an event study using seemingly unrelated regression to analyze the accumulated average abnormal returns of stocks of listed companies in Taiwan. The empirical results are as follows. First, the whole market mostly reacted negatively in the standard revision period and in either way during the standard adoption decision period. Next, in the standard revision period, the electronic industry also reacted negatively, as it would be more affected because of its higher fixed cost and lower gross profit. Yet, in the adoption decision period, the electronic industry was less affected likely because most electronics firms were ready for adoption. Thirdly, as to firm characteristics, bigger firms were willing to adopt the new standard, but older firms were not so. In addition, firms that had losses in the previous three years were less affected by the new standard. Finally, firms that had greater growth opportunities were more affected in the early period of standard revision but became less affected in the adoption decision period.

有鑑於國內非營利組織財務報表未公開，資源提供者、主管機關無法透過財務報表監督管理當局是否將資源作有效的運用，亦無法判斷非營利組織營運成果良窳及持續營運的能力。因此國內亟需制訂財務會計準則以公開財務報表，遂引發本研究參考美國非營利組織一般公認會計原則之第一項動機，國內非營利組織目前無一般公認會計原則，而由各主管機關制訂會計制度，或組織自訂會計制度，甚至無任何制度，國內私立大專院校由教育部定有會計制度規範，但其實施至今尚有多項疑義，究竟與美國之規範有何不同，遂成為本研究第二項研究動機。 本研究分成兩部分，第一部份整理美國非營利組織一般公認會計原則，並介紹美國財務會計準則委員會針對非營利組織訂定四號公報—第93號、第116號、第117號及第124號。第二部份為將國內私立大專院校會計制度與美國私立大專院校會計制度所遵守之一般公認會計原則作一整理、分析與比較，以了解國內私立大專院校會計處理的現況與可能存在的問題，並透過問卷來彙整私立大專院校可能存在的問題。 由整理非營利組織一般公認會計原則可得到三項啟示：（1）非營利組織財務會計理論為制訂財務會計準則的基礎，（2）非營利組織會計原則有三項來源，第一個來源為一般會計處理，大部分與營利組織適用相同的會計處理準則，第二個來源為財務會計準則委員會針對特定會計處理制訂之會計準則，第三個來源為資產負債表、損益表與作業活動表應適用的會計原則，（3）為增進財務報表作為績效評估工具的用途，而引進服務努力成就指標的觀念。 本研究問卷對象為會計主任、會計師與教育部官員，其中會計主任發出85份，問卷回收率為37.64％，會計師發出67份，問卷回收率為34.32％，而教育部官員發出59份，問卷回收率為33.9％，因此整體回收率為35.55％。 實證結果彙總如下：（1）受試者皆贊成固定資產應平時提列折舊，（2）目前受限於學校施行細則第43條之規定，投資之會計處理無法採行成本與市價孰低法或市價法，（3）財務報表表達資訊品質三者看法不一致，（4）非營利組織亟需制定一般公認會計原則，（5）教育部應建立成本會計制度以計算學生單位成本。 根據實證結果與美國非營利組織一般公認會計原則之整理，本研究建議（1）參考美國制訂一般公認會計準則的模式訂定國內非營利組織一般公認會計原則，（2）改進財務報表表達方式，（3）私立大專院校會計相關法令合理性探討，（4）國內會計人員與資訊使用者重視非營利組織財務資訊。