Pour modéliser de la dépendance entre plusieurs variables peut s'appuyer soit sur la corrélation entre les variables, soit sur d'autres mesures, qui déterminent la dépendance des queues de distributions.Dans cette thèse, nous nous intéressons à la dépendance des queues de distributions, en présentant quelques propriétés et résultats.Dans un premier temps, nous obtenons le coefficient de dépendance de queue pour la loi hyperbolique généralisée selon les différentes valeurs de paramètres de cette loi.Ensuite, nous exposons des propriétés et résultats du coefficient de dépendance extrémale dans le cas où les variables aléatoires suivent une loi de Fréchet unitaire.Finalement, nous présentons un des systèmes de gestion de bases de données temps réel (SGBDTR). Le but étant de proposer des modèles probabilistes pour étudier le comportement des transactions temps réel, afin d'optimiser ses performances. / The modeling of the dependence between several variables can focus either on the positive or negative correlation between the variables, or on other more effective ways, which determine the tails dependence of distributions.In this thesis, we are interested in the tail dependence of distributions, by presenting some properties and results. Firstly, we obtain the limit tail dependence coefficient for the generalized hyperbolic law according to different parameter values of this law. Then, we exhibit some properties and results of die extremal dependence coefficient in the case where the random variables follow a unitary Fréchet law.Finally, we present a Real Time Database ManagementSystems (RDBMS). The goal is to propose probabilistic models to study thebehavior of real-time transactions, in order to optimize its performance.

O presente trabalho ocupa-se no desenvolvimento de um sistema computacional de gerenciamento da informação para auxiliar os estudos científicos sobre o sistema nervoso de chagásicos crônicos não-cardíacos. O objetivo é desenvolver o sistema requerido, pelo pressuposto de praticidade nas análises decorrentes da investigação. O método utilizado para desenvolver este sistema computacional, dedicado ao gerenciamento das informações da pesquisa sobre as alterações neurológicas de seus sujeitos, foi; compor o arquétipo de metas e a matriz de levantamento de requisitos das variantes do sistema; listar os atributos, domínios e qualificações das suas variáveis; elaborar o quadro de escolha de equipamentos e aplicativos necessários para sua implantação física e lógica e; implantá-lo mediante uma modelagem de base de dados, e uma programação lógica de algoritmos. Como resultado o sistema foi desenvolvido. A discussão de análise é; a saber, que a informatização pode tornar mais eficaz as operações de cadastro, consulta e validação de campo, além da formatação e exportação de tabelas pré-tratadas para análises estatísticas, atuando assim como uma ferramenta do método científico. Ora, a argumentação lógica é que a confiabilidade das informações computacionalmente registradas é aumentada porque o erro humano é diminuído na maioria dos processamentos. Como discussão de cerramento, estudos dotados de razoável volume de variáveis e sujeitos de pesquisa são mais bem geridos caso possuam um sistema dedicado ao gerenciamento de suas informações. / This is the development of a computer information management system to support scientific studies about the nervous system of non-cardiac chronic chagasic patients. The goal is to develop the required system, by assumption of the convenience in the analysis of research results. The method used to develop this computer system, dedicated to information management of research about the neurological disorders of their human subject research, were; compose the archetypal matrix of targets and requirements elicitation of the system variants; list the attributes, qualifications and domains of its variables; draw up the choice framework of equipment and required applications for its physical and logic implementation, and; deploying it through a data modeling, an adapted entity-relationship diagram and programmable logic algorithms. As a result the required system was developed. The analytical discussion is that the computerization makes the data processing faster and safer. The more practical information management processes are: the operations of registration, queries and fields\' validations, as well as the advanced and basic queries of records, in addition to table formatting and exporting of pre-treated for statistical analysis. The logical argument is that the reliability of the recorded computationally information is increased because is insured that bias of human error is absent from most of the steps, including several the data processing operations. As end discussion, scientific studies with reasonable amount of variables and research subjects are better managed if they have a dedicated system to managing their information.

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Le problème de conception dans le domaine du bâtiment est pluridisciplinaire. Plusieurs experts (architectes, ingénieurs, techniciens, ...) doivent coopérer et négocier afin de produire un résultat cohérent. Pour développer un outil informatique d'aide à la conception en bâtiment, on utilise un environnement avancé d'intelligence artificielle alliant une puissante représentation orientée objet à des mécanismes d'organisation et de contrôle du raisonnement. Le travail porte surtout sur le couplage de systèmes experts à base de connaissance en bâtiment (pour le raisonnement) avec des outils de CAO (pour la saisie et l'interaction graphique). La thèse consiste en une contribution à la spécification des éléments de base d'un prototype de cet outil. La spécification est concrétisée par une maquette logicielle.

O presente trabalho ocupa-se no desenvolvimento de um sistema computacional de gerenciamento da informação para auxiliar os estudos científicos sobre o sistema nervoso de chagásicos crônicos não-cardíacos. O objetivo é desenvolver o sistema requerido, pelo pressuposto de praticidade nas análises decorrentes da investigação. O método utilizado para desenvolver este sistema computacional, dedicado ao gerenciamento das informações da pesquisa sobre as alterações neurológicas de seus sujeitos, foi; compor o arquétipo de metas e a matriz de levantamento de requisitos das variantes do sistema; listar os atributos, domínios e qualificações das suas variáveis; elaborar o quadro de escolha de equipamentos e aplicativos necessários para sua implantação física e lógica e; implantá-lo mediante uma modelagem de base de dados, e uma programação lógica de algoritmos. Como resultado o sistema foi desenvolvido. A discussão de análise é; a saber, que a informatização pode tornar mais eficaz as operações de cadastro, consulta e validação de campo, além da formatação e exportação de tabelas pré-tratadas para análises estatísticas, atuando assim como uma ferramenta do método científico. Ora, a argumentação lógica é que a confiabilidade das informações computacionalmente registradas é aumentada porque o erro humano é diminuído na maioria dos processamentos. Como discussão de cerramento, estudos dotados de razoável volume de variáveis e sujeitos de pesquisa são mais bem geridos caso possuam um sistema dedicado ao gerenciamento de suas informações. / This is the development of a computer information management system to support scientific studies about the nervous system of non-cardiac chronic chagasic patients. The goal is to develop the required system, by assumption of the convenience in the analysis of research results. The method used to develop this computer system, dedicated to information management of research about the neurological disorders of their human subject research, were; compose the archetypal matrix of targets and requirements elicitation of the system variants; list the attributes, qualifications and domains of its variables; draw up the choice framework of equipment and required applications for its physical and logic implementation, and; deploying it through a data modeling, an adapted entity-relationship diagram and programmable logic algorithms. As a result the required system was developed. The analytical discussion is that the computerization makes the data processing faster and safer. The more practical information management processes are: the operations of registration, queries and fields\' validations, as well as the advanced and basic queries of records, in addition to table formatting and exporting of pre-treated for statistical analysis. The logical argument is that the reliability of the recorded computationally information is increased because is insured that bias of human error is absent from most of the steps, including several the data processing operations. As end discussion, scientific studies with reasonable amount of variables and research subjects are better managed if they have a dedicated system to managing their information.

L’irrigation a connu de grands changements dans le bassin du Rhône français durant les trente dernières années du vingtième siècle. La mise en œuvre d’un Système d’Information sur le bassin du Rhône (SIR) montre l’existence de quatre grands systèmes d’irrigation qui s’individualisent au sein de plusieurs « régions d’irrigation ». Ces dernières révèlent des dynamiques contrastées, mettant à mal l’idée que l’irrigation aurait connu une expansion continue et homogène, même si les superficies irriguées augmentent globalement. Ces dynamiques spatiales s’expliquent par les profondes transformations d’une pratique modernisée, utilisant des techniques toujours plus économes en eau. C’est d’ailleurs le deuxième enseignement de la recherche : l’accroissement général des superficies irriguées n’a pas entraîné une augmentation des demandes en eau. Celles-ci ont plutôt tendance à diminuer, de l’ordre de 30 % en trente ans. Sous l’impulsion des gestionnaires, les irrigants font un usage de plus en plus raisonné des ressources en eau et, à terme, il ne faut certainement pas considérer l’irrigation comme une menace généralisée pour les équilibres environnementaux... Le mémoire de thèse s’accompagne d’un système de gestion de l’information géographique et d’un atlas en version électronique. / Over the last thirty years of the twentieth century, irrigation in the French basin of the Rhône river has undergone substantial change. The implementation of a Geographic Information System on the Rhône basin (SIR) demonstrates the existence of four main irrigation systems individualized within several “irrigation regions.” These reveal in turn a series of contrasted dynamics, putting into question the idea that irrigation expansion had been both continuous and homogeneous, even though the total surface area irrigated actually increased. These spatial dynamics can be accounted for by the deep transformations due to a modernised practice that relies on techniques ever more sparing with water. This is in fact the second lesson one can draw from this study : the general increase in irrigated surface areas did not lead to an increase in water demand. On the contrary, water demand has tended to diminish, in the order of 30% over thirty years. Driven by management, the cultivators’ use of water resources is more and more reasoned, so that in the long run irrigation is surely no global threat to environmental balance. The thesis includes a system for managing geographic information as well as an electronic atlas.