Drop impacts play a key role in many industrial applications, from spray coating of surfaces, to splashing of fuel-droplets within combustion chambers. Splashing, or break-up during ink-jet printing, can cross-contaminate biological assays, or degrade the quality of ink-jet printed products. Crime scene studies of blood splatter can give vital clues for the police. Spreading of plant diseases between nearby leaves by splashing depends on the velocity and trajectory of secondary droplets. In this dissertation, I study the early dynamics of splashing and the dynamics of ejecta sheets under extreme impact conditions, using ultra-high-speed video imaging at up to 5 million fps. In the first part, I show the effect of the surface tension differences on the break-up of the Edgerton crown, I verify that individual droplets hit the crown wall and generated Marangoni holes, thereby causing the crown wall to rupture at multiple locations. In the second part, I investigate the splashing of a drop impacting onto a solid substrate with high impact velocity, I show that for sufficiently high Re, splashing can no longer be suppressed by only reducing the surrounding air pressure. Furthermore, I tracked the earliest splashed spray droplets to catch their maximum velocity. Surprisingly, the splashed droplets can travel at extremely high speed of up to 1 km/s, which is 50 times faster than the impact speed. The influence of viscosity on the lamellar spreading along the substrate was investigated. I find that the intact lamella, following the fine spray, spreads as R(t) ~〖 t〗^(1/3) , while the maximum spreading radius of the drop was shown to be a strong function of viscosity, scaling as β_max∝〖Re〗^0.175. The data did not show a strong effect of surface tension on β_max over a wide range. Therefore, I concluded that surface tension at this parameter space does not play a major role in both splashing nor spreading. In the third part, I study extreme splashing dynamics of the Ejecta sheet when a drop impacts on a thin liquid film with very large impact velocities using the same device, at up to ~ 22 m/s. For this purpose, we have constructed a novel experimental device consisting of a 26-m-tall vacuum tube. I investigate the interplay between viscosity, the surrounding ambient air pressure, and surface tension, on the ejecta shapes and break-up. I show how the bending of the ejecta sheet is primarily produced by air-resistance. This is supported by an analytical and numerical model to quantify the effect of the surrounding air pressure on the sheet bending and touch-down.

archives@tulane.edu / For decades, histopathology and cytology have provided the reference standard for cancer diagnosis, prognosis prediction and treatment decisions. However, they are limited to 2D slices, which are created via cutting and/or smearing, thus not faithfully representing the true 3D structures of the cellular or tissue material. Multiple imaging methods have been utilized for non-destructive histologic imaging of tissues, but are usually limited by varying combinations of low resolution, low penetration depth, or a relatively slow imaging speed, and all suffer from anisotropic resolution, which could distort 3D tissue architectural renderings and thus hinder new work to analyze and quantify 3D tissue microarchitecture. Therefore, there is a clear need for a non-destructive imaging tool that can accurately represent the 3D structures of the tissue or cellular architecture, with comparable qualities and features as traditional histopathology. In this work, dual-view inverted selective plane illumination microscopy (diSPIM) has been customized and optimized for fast, 3D imaging of large biospecimens. Imaging contrast of highly scattering samples has been further improved by adding confocal detection and/or structured illumination (SI) as additional optional imaging modes. A pipeline of dual-view imaging and processing has also been developed to achieve more isotropic 3D resolution, specifically on DRAQ5 and eosin (D&E) stained large (millimeter to centimeter size) biopsies. To determine the impact of 3D, high-resolution imaging on clinical diagnostic endpoints, multiple prostate cancer (PCa) biopsies have been collected, imaged with diSPIM, and evaluated by pathologists. It has been found that the pathologist is “equally” confident on the PCa diagnosis from viewing 3D volumes and 2D slices, and the diagnostic agreement between 3D volumes is significantly higher than 2D slices. The high-resolution and large-volume coverage of diSPIM may also help verify results from other lower-resolution modalities by serving as a 3D histology surrogate. Tissue correlations have been found between images acquired by diSPIM and photo-acoustic imaging, or by diSPIM and biodynamic imaging, proving diSPIM as a useful tool to aid in validation of lower-resolution imaging tools. The potential of diSPIM imaging has also been demonstrated in other applications, such as in the study of in-vitro neural models. / 1 / Bihe Hu

QC 20100707

Según información publicada por la Superintendencia de Banca, Seguros y AFP en su Memoria Anual del 2016 (SBS: 2016), el saldo de los créditos directos del sistema financiero ascendió a S/ 271 672 000,00 que corresponde al 40% del Producto Bruto Interno (PBI) nacional correspondiente a tal ejercicio anual, monto que se deriva de las actividades desarrolladas por las 59 empresas de servicios múltiples que operan en el Sistema Financiero Nacional; cuya cartera crediticia estuvo compuesta de la siguiente manera: 64,9% se destinó a financiar actividades empresariales, 20,3% correspondió al segmento de consumo y 14,8% a créditos hipotecarios. Gran parte de las operaciones crediticias anteriores cuentan con garantías reales, siendo la hipoteca una de las más requeridas por la seguridad que brinda su permanencia y, por la posibilidad de utilizarla de manera amplia, considerando la costumbre de otorgar una cobertura general destinada a respaldar el conjunto de obligaciones contratadas. Sin embargo, diversas modificaciones legislativas han generado incertidumbre jurídica respecto de la contratación de hipotecas “sábana” destinadas a respaldar de manera general las obligaciones bancarias, cuya contratación fue tradicionalmente aceptada tal como funciona ordinariamente en otros sistemas legales. El presente trabajo es uno estrictamente jurídico, sobre la base de información bibliográfica, que analizará los antecedentes de la garantía hipotecaria, contrastará su utilización con ordenamientos jurídicos extranjeros y culminará sugiriendo una modificación legislativa que ordene los criterios para la aplicación de la denominada hipoteca “sábana”, con algunos añadidos que harían segura su utilización, en resguardo del cliente bancario. / According to information published by the Superintendency of Banking, Insurance and AFP in its Annual Report of 2016 (SBS: 2016), the balance of the credits of the financial system amounted to S / 271 672 000.00 corresponding to 40% of the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) ) corresponding to the annual year, amount that derives from the activities developed by the 59 multiple service companies that operate in the National Financial System; whose credit portfolio was composed as follows: 64.9% went to finance business activities, 20.3% corresponded to the consumer segment and 14.8% to mortgage loans. A large part of the previous credit operations with a real guarantee, being the mortgage one of the most required for the security offered by its permanence and the possibility of using it in a broad manner, considering the custom of granting a general coverage destined to support the group of obligations contracted. However, several legislative amendments have been created by the current legislation on the contracting of "sheet" mortgages, which is traditionally accepted as it usually operates in other legal systems. This work is a strictly legal, based on bibliographic information, which analyzes the background of the mortgage guarantee, contrast its use with foreign legal systems and culminate in suggesting a legislative amendment that the criteria for the application of mortgage mortgage ", With some additions that would make its use safe, in the safeguard of the banking client. / Trabajo de investigación

No description available.

The ecology of bighorn sheep in Canyonlands National Park, Utah was investigated between July 1974 and December 1975. Primary objectives of this study were: (1) to determine the distribution and abundance of bighorn sheep in the Park; (2) to examine the effects of human encroachment, and (3) to determine key habitat factors in relation to bighorn sheep movements. Data were collected by ground and aerial surveys. There were between 60 and 100 bighorn sheep in the Island in the Sky District and between 20 and 30 in the Needles District. Bighorn sheep distribution was closely related to the history of livestock grazing and landform characteristics of the canyons. Human activities have restricted bighorn ewe distribution more than ram distribution. Bighorn ewes were observed in canyons which were not used by domestic livestock or where much of the canyon was isolated from domestic livestock. Deer and bighorn sheep demonstrated different landform preferences. Deer occupied large level areas, washes, and river bottoms. Bighorn sheep remained on the more rugged terrain, moving to level areas to feed. In canyons which were completely isolated from deer and livestock, bighorn sheep preferred t he broad level areas and washes. Bighorn ewes did not demonstrate seasonal movements, whereas rams had definite movement patterns. In the southern portion of the Island in the Sky District , rams formed small bands and remained in a series of four canyons throughout the late winter and spring . In June, these rams dispersed individually or in pairs to higher elevations. During October they returned to the canyons below the White Rim to search for ewes. In the eastern portion of the Island in the Sky District, mature rams remained below the White Rim only during the rut, dispersing to higher elevations for the rest of the year. Physical barriers may minimize the impact of tourism upon bighorn sheep. If bighorn sheep were above or unable to see the source of disturbance , the impact was not as great as when bighorn were able to see the source. This may explain the tendency for bighorn ewes to quickly retreat when vehicles approached them on the White Rim Road where few physical barriers are present. Human encroachment also decreases the energy intake and increases the energy output of bighorn sheep. Bighorn sheep appear to be at equilibrium with the current range they inhabit. The National Park Service should monitor the use of the White Rim Road to evaluate effects on the bighorn sheep and restrict hiking below the White Rim to minimize stress on the bighorn sheep within this range. Studies should be initiated to investigate the bighorn sheep expansion of its range within the Park as a result of the cessation of lives tock grazing, and the role tourism plays in limiting it.

Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI) / A broad range of samples were collected from the Huron-Erie Lobe, Lake Michigan Lobe, Saginaw Lobe, and Tipton Till Plain of northern Indiana to determine the provenance of Laurentide Ice Sheet till in the Midwest U.S. during the Illinoian and Wisconsinan glaciations. U-Pb age distributions from approximately 300 detrital zircons (DZ) were used as provenance indicators for each till sample. Till from the Lake Michigan Lobe and was found to be largely homogenized. The distinct lobe DZ age distributions are the Lake Michigan Lobe till with a dominant ~1465 Ma peak, the northern Huron-Erie Lobe till with a dominant ~1060 Ma and a secondary peak at ~1450 Ma, the southern Huron-Erie Lobe till with nearly equal peaks at ~1435 Ma, ~1175 Ma, and ~1065 Ma, and the southern Saginaw Lobe till with a dominant peak at ~1095 Ma. Those four DZ age distributions were treated as endmembers in a nonlinear least-squares mixing model to calculate the contribution of each lobe to till in the Tipton Till Plain. Huron-Erie and Saginaw lobe tills were found to be the primary components of the Tipton Till Plain, and Lake Michigan Lobe till was only found in the western Tipton Till Plain. Zircons from the Saginaw Lobe till increased 39 % in the eastern Tipton Till Plain between the Illinoisan and Wisconsinan glaciations. The mixing model was also applied to relate the DZ age distributions of the lobes to bedrock within and near their flow paths. When comparing nearby bedrock to each lobe’s till, mixing model results, yield an approximate maximum transport distance between 500 and 630 kilometers for the matrix vii fraction of till in the Lake Michigan, Huron-Erie, and Saginaw lobes. Samples for the southern Huron-Erie Lobe indicate that the most of the zircon ages within the southern Huron-Erie Lobe till in Indiana were specifically entrained between Niagara County, New York and east-central Indiana. Within the model’s error, 93 – 100 % of the detrital zircons in each of the three lobes are relatable to nearby Paleozoic and Precambrian sedimentary and metamorphic bedrock formations.

The diploma thesis focuses on estimating the value of a construction company. The theoretical part describes the basic concepts, methods and analyses used in the valuation. In the case study, these analyses are applied to a specific construction company. The outcome of the thesis is the valuation of the construction company using selected methods of valuation.

A dissertation submitted to the Faculty of Engineering and the Built Environment, University of the Witwatersrand, in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Engineering Johannesburg, 2016 / This dissertation presents a parametric study conducted on the dimensions of an inverted box rib (IBR) sheet. The objectives of the study were (i) to obtain the optimum dimensions that would be used to simulate new IBR profiles made from standard sheet input coils whilst meeting the stiffness criterion; and (ii) to perform a cost analysis to determine the most economic simulated profile. The dimensions which were varied in the parametric study were rib-height, rib-width, sheet thickness and the number of pans per 686 mm cover width of a single IBR 686 sheet. Numerical experiments were conducted using the Finite Elements Method and Abaqus/CAE software. The results were compared to the predictions obtained from Euler-Bernoulli beam theory. The outputs from the experiments were the sheet deflection from which stiffness was determined, and eigenvalues from which the profiles’ stability and buckling modes were calculated. This study found that sheet stiffness increased as the rib-height, sheet thickness and number of pans per 686 mm cover width increased. In contrast, the rib-width had little effect on the sheet stiffness. Hence, it was concluded that, for any IBR sheet profile, the rib-width should be kept at approximately 23 mm to avoid using more material in the sheet. The optimum dimensions found were rib-height of 34 mm, rib-width of 23 mm and four pans per 686 mm cover width. The commercially available IBR 686 sheet is made up of four pans and has a rib-height and a rib-width of 37 and 33 mm, respectively. It is manufactured from an input sheet coil of 925 mm. Reducing the rib-height from 37 mm to 34 mm and the rib-width from 33 mm to 23 mm resulted in increasing the cover width by 8 %. The optimum dimensions were further used to simulate profiles made from the 925, 940, 1000, 1175, 1219, 1225, 1250 and 1320 mm standard sheet coils in order to find the most economic IBR profiles that met the stiffness criterion. The 1250 mm coil yielded the most economical IBR profile, which has six 97 mm wide pans, and a 996 mm cover width. This profile resulted in a 10 % cost saving compared with the next closest profile. / MT2017

In many systems, in vitro or in vivo, it has become important to experimentally obtain dynamical information at many different positions simultaneously. This is a challenge as conventionally, dynamic information in biological systems is probed with a confocal microscope to perform either fluorescence correlation spectroscopy (FCS) or fluorescence recovery after photobleaching (FRAP), which can be damaging due to phototoxicity, and yields information at a single position. Advances in camera sensors have allowed their use in place of single point detectors and the implement of imaging FCS by way of single plane illumination microscopy (SPIM). In this modality, a light sheet with a thickness of only a few microns illuminates the sample and the fluorescence is projected orthogonally onto the camera chip. By imaging small regions of interest at a very high frame rate, we can determine dynamic parameters such as diffusion coefficients and local concentrations in a 2D array of pixels. In this thesis, I discuss the theoretical background, hardware setup, design and characterization of a SPIM which I have built in order to perform imaging FCS. / Thesis / Master of Science (MSc)