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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Development of the Uterine Shell Glands During the Preovulatory and Early Gestation Periods in Oviparous and Viviparous Lacerta Vivipara

Heulin, Benoit, Stewart, James R., Surget-Groba, Yann, Bellaud, Patricia, Jouan, Florence, Lancien, Gérard, Deunff, Jean 01 October 2005 (has links)
The evolutionary process leading to the emergence of viviparity in Squamata consists of lengthening the period of egg retention in utero coupled with marked reduction in the thickness of the eggshell. We used light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy to study uterine structure during the reproductive cycle of oviparous and viviparous females of the reproductively bimodal Lacerta vivipara. We compared the structure of the uterine shell glands, which secrete components of the eggshell, during preovulatory and early gestation phases of the reproductive cycle and also compared histochemistry of the eggshells. The uterine glands of both reproductive forms undergo considerable growth within a period of a few weeks during folliculogenesis and vitellogenesis preceding ovulation. The majority of the proteinaceous fibers of the shell membrane are secreted early in embryonic development and the uterine glands regress shortly thereafter. This supports previous observations indicating that, in Squamata, secretion of the shell membrane occurs very rapidly after ovulation. The most striking differences between reproductive modes were larger uterine glands at late vitellogenesis in oviparous females, 101 μm compared to 60 μm in viviparous females, and greater thickness of the shell membrane during early gestation in oviparous females (52-73 μm) compared to viviparous females (4-8 μm). Our intraspecific comparison supports the conclusions of previous studies that, prior to ovulation, the uterine glandular layer is less developed in viviparous than in oviparous species, and that this is the main factor accounting for differences in the thickness of the shell membrane of the two reproductive forms of squamates.
2

Seasonal Changes in the Morphology of the Uterus of the Oviparous Lizard <em>Saproscincus mustelinus</em> and the Reproductively Bimodal Lizard <em>Saiphos equalis</em>.

Mathieson, Ashley Nicole 19 August 2009 (has links)
Among vertebrates, oviparity, a condition in which young at least partially develop outside the mother's body and are supported by yolk, is the ancestral state to viviparity, the reproductive mode in which embryos are fully developed at birth. Viviparity in reptiles is found only in the squamates. Among the more than 100 origins of viviparity in squamates, many have occurred fairly recently and as a result some species contain populations of both reproductive modes, i.e., are reproductively bimodal. The evolution of viviparity is associated with many changes including an increase in oviductal egg retention times, a decrease in thickness of the eggshell and a decrease in secretion of the uterine shell glands that are responsible for eggshell secretion. The uterine morphology of the oviparous Saproscincus mustelinus and the reproductively bimodal Saiphos equalis were compared to study the uterine shell gland cycle.
3

Evolução da viviparidade nas serpentes da tribo Hydropsini / Evolution of viviparity in snakes of the tribe Hydropsini

Braz, Henrique Bartolomeu Pereira 29 August 2013 (has links)
A oviparidade é o modo reprodutivo ancestral dos répteis e a viviparidade surgiu diversas vezes independentemente nos Squamata. O cenário evolutivo mais aceito para a evolução da viviparidade em répteis Squamata propõe que ela é uma adaptação a baixas temperaturas e que resulta de aumentos graduais e progressivos na quantidade de desenvolvimento embrionário ocorrendo dentro do útero antes da postura dos ovos. Essa transição é frequentemente tida como irreversível. No presente trabalho as cobras-dágua da tribo Hydropsini foram utilizadas como modelo para testar de forma comparativa diversas predições derivadas desse cenário. Especificamente, foi avaliado se a evolução da viviparidade na tribo (1) seria um fenômeno irreversível, (2) se ela seria associada a modificações na morfologia uterina e na espessura da casca do ovo e (3) se ela seria correlacionada a regiões de climas frios. Diferentes métodos de análise não corroboram a suposta irreversibilidade da viviparidade e sugerem que a oviparidade em algumas espécies possa ser resultado de reversões. A aquisição da viviparidade em Hydropsini foi acompanhada de modificações importantes na morfologia uterina que incluem a diminuição das dimensões das glândulas uterinas que secretam o material que compõe a casca de ovo. A hipótese de que os aumentos na retenção uterina são acompanhados por diminuição na espessura da casca do ovo não foi corroborada. Por fim, o teste das predições da hipótese do clima frio não obteve suporte para baixas temperaturas como pressão seletiva favorecendo a origem da viviparidade nos Hydropsini. Hipóteses alternativas para explicar a origem da viviparidade na tribo são exploradas. / Oviparity is the ancestral reproductive mode of reptiles and viviparity evolved multiple times independently in Squamata. The most accepted evolutionary scenario for the evolution of viviparity in squamate reptiles suggests that it is an adaptation to low temperatures and that it arises from progressive and gradual increases in the amount of intrauterine embryonic development before egg-laying. In this study, the water snakes of the tribe Hydropsini were used as model system to test, within a comparative framework, several predictions derived from the gradualist scenario for the evolution of viviparity in Squamata. Specifically, it was evaluated if the evolution of viviparity in the tribe (1) is an irreversible phenomenon, (2) if it is associated with changes in uterine morphology and eggshell thickness and (3) if it is correlated to cold climates. The different analytical methods used did not corroborate the irreversibility of viviparity and suggest that oviparity may be revolved in some species. The evolutionary acquisition of viviparity in Hydropsini was accompanied by important uterine changes, including the reduction of the glands that secrete the shell components. The hypothesis that the increases in egg retention are accompanied by decreasing eggshell thickness was not corroborated. Finally, it was not found support for the test of the predictions derived from the cold climate hypothesis for the evolution of viviparity in Hydropsini. Alternative hypothesis explaining this reproductive mode in the group were explored.
4

Evolução da viviparidade nas serpentes da tribo Hydropsini / Evolution of viviparity in snakes of the tribe Hydropsini

Henrique Bartolomeu Pereira Braz 29 August 2013 (has links)
A oviparidade é o modo reprodutivo ancestral dos répteis e a viviparidade surgiu diversas vezes independentemente nos Squamata. O cenário evolutivo mais aceito para a evolução da viviparidade em répteis Squamata propõe que ela é uma adaptação a baixas temperaturas e que resulta de aumentos graduais e progressivos na quantidade de desenvolvimento embrionário ocorrendo dentro do útero antes da postura dos ovos. Essa transição é frequentemente tida como irreversível. No presente trabalho as cobras-dágua da tribo Hydropsini foram utilizadas como modelo para testar de forma comparativa diversas predições derivadas desse cenário. Especificamente, foi avaliado se a evolução da viviparidade na tribo (1) seria um fenômeno irreversível, (2) se ela seria associada a modificações na morfologia uterina e na espessura da casca do ovo e (3) se ela seria correlacionada a regiões de climas frios. Diferentes métodos de análise não corroboram a suposta irreversibilidade da viviparidade e sugerem que a oviparidade em algumas espécies possa ser resultado de reversões. A aquisição da viviparidade em Hydropsini foi acompanhada de modificações importantes na morfologia uterina que incluem a diminuição das dimensões das glândulas uterinas que secretam o material que compõe a casca de ovo. A hipótese de que os aumentos na retenção uterina são acompanhados por diminuição na espessura da casca do ovo não foi corroborada. Por fim, o teste das predições da hipótese do clima frio não obteve suporte para baixas temperaturas como pressão seletiva favorecendo a origem da viviparidade nos Hydropsini. Hipóteses alternativas para explicar a origem da viviparidade na tribo são exploradas. / Oviparity is the ancestral reproductive mode of reptiles and viviparity evolved multiple times independently in Squamata. The most accepted evolutionary scenario for the evolution of viviparity in squamate reptiles suggests that it is an adaptation to low temperatures and that it arises from progressive and gradual increases in the amount of intrauterine embryonic development before egg-laying. In this study, the water snakes of the tribe Hydropsini were used as model system to test, within a comparative framework, several predictions derived from the gradualist scenario for the evolution of viviparity in Squamata. Specifically, it was evaluated if the evolution of viviparity in the tribe (1) is an irreversible phenomenon, (2) if it is associated with changes in uterine morphology and eggshell thickness and (3) if it is correlated to cold climates. The different analytical methods used did not corroborate the irreversibility of viviparity and suggest that oviparity may be revolved in some species. The evolutionary acquisition of viviparity in Hydropsini was accompanied by important uterine changes, including the reduction of the glands that secrete the shell components. The hypothesis that the increases in egg retention are accompanied by decreasing eggshell thickness was not corroborated. Finally, it was not found support for the test of the predictions derived from the cold climate hypothesis for the evolution of viviparity in Hydropsini. Alternative hypothesis explaining this reproductive mode in the group were explored.

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