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Static authentication, where user identity is checked once at login time, can be circumvented no matter how strong the authentication mechanism is. Through attacks such as man-in-the-middle and its variants, an authenticated session can be hijacked later after the initial login process has been completed. In the last decade, continuous authentication (CA) using biometrics has emerged as a possible remedy against session hijacking. CA consists of testing the authenticity of the user repeatedly throughout the authenticated session as data becomes available. CA is expected to be carried out unobtrusively, due to its repetitive nature, which means that the authentication information must be collectible without any active involvement of the user and without using any special purpose hardware devices (e.g. biometric readers). Stylometry analysis, which consists of checking whether a target document was written or not by a specific individual, could potentially be used for CA. Although stylometric techniques can achieve high accuracy rates for long documents, it is still challenging to identify an author for short documents, in particular when dealing with large author populations. In this dissertation, we propose a new framework for continuous authentication using authorship verification based on the writing style. Authorship verification can be checked using stylometric techniques through the analysis of linguistic styles and writing characteristics of the authors. Different from traditional authorship verification that focuses on long texts, we tackle the use of short messages. Shorter authentication delay (i.e. smaller data sample) is essential to reduce the window size of the re-authentication period in CA. We validate our method using different block sizes, including 140, 280, and 500 characters, and investigate shallow and deep learning architectures for machine learning classification. Experimental evaluation of the proposed authorship verification approach based on the Enron emails dataset with 76 authors yields an Equal Error Rate (EER) of 8.21% and Twitter dataset with 100 authors yields an EER of 10.08%. The evaluation of the approach using relatively smaller forgery samples with 10 authors yields an EER of 5.48%. / Graduate

The aim of the research was to explore the relationship between the use of SMS communication by adolescents and their perceived feelings of loneliness. The SMS seems to be the new communication medium for young people as they are most comfortable with and enthusiastic about this technology and its applications. The adolescent stage is characterised by the building of own social networks, the definition of boundaries between themselves and parents, self-presentation constructed on a social stage in relation to others and characterised by the development of romantic attachments, feelings of anxiety, self-esteem development and maintenance which may result in feelings of isolation and loneliness. Loneliness can be defined as an emotional and cognitive reaction to having fewer and less satisfying relationships than one desires. This includes the absence or self-perceived absence of satisfying social relationships and the unpleasant experience that occurs when a person's network of social relations is deficient in some important way. The motivation for this research was to get insight into the relationship between the use of SMS communication and loneliness in the South African context. An internet search on the 13th February 2006 indicated that no research has yet been done on the relationship between the use of the SMS and loneliness of adolescents in South Africa. An availability sample was used. One hundred and seventeen Grade 11 and 12 learners from two schools in the North West Province participated in the research project. An explanatory cross-sectional survey design with features of qualitative data analysis was used in this investigation. Three methods were used to obtain data, namely the UCLA Loneliness Scale (Version 3), Satisfaction with Life Scale as well as a self-compiled questionnaire. After scoring the UCLA scale the researcher determined which of the participants had the highest level of loneliness and the lowest level of loneliness. Two groups were chosen, each consisting or 15 learners, according to the highest and lowest scores on the loneliness scale respectively. These two groups represented the top and bottom 14% of the sample. The data obtained from the self-compiled questionnaire and Satisfaction with Life scale were qualitatively compared. Analysis of the data indicated that there might be a relationship between the experience of loneliness and the following: gender; number of siblings; involvement in romantic relationships; amount of money spent on bill (financial constraints); quantity of SMS messages sent and received; need to stay in contact with friends over the weekend; reasons for sending SMS messages; feelings regarding sending or receiving SMS messages; feelings regarding no response to SMS messages; feeling with regard to not receiving SMS messages from a friend for a long time; initiating of friendships via cellphone and the SMS rather than face-to-face communication. Suggestions for future research projects were made. / Thesis (M.A. (Clinical Psychology))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2007

Thesis (M.A. (Clinical Psychology))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2007.

Abstract This study explores the feasibility of applying mobile phone¡¦s value-added services in attracting adolenscents¡¦ participation in local festival. In recent years, Taiwan¡¦s local governments have been considering how to effectively enhance cultural identities and promote cultural tourism through conducting various kinds of festivals. Against this backdrop, the introduction of using mobile phone for festival marketing is seriously considered. Although adolescents are the group most in need of cultivation of local culture, previous marketing effort proved to be fruitless. Traditional festivals continue attracting visitors from the so-called cultural tourists ¡V those already with cultural knowledge of the tourist site (known as tourist gaze). Usually it was in the ccasion of family tour that adolescents would participate in festivals. Therefore, it has been an issue regarding how to attract adolescents in attending festivals. While adolescents are characterised by the nature of social grouping, plus high flexibility of adopting new technologies, the auther is most interested in how to use mobile phones as a effective means for attracting them to festival places. By conducting a survey of 738 valid samples, generally aged 14-16, from Kaohsiung¡¦s public high schools, the author uses factor analysis to sort out perceiveably the most favorable marketing tools. Short message service (SMS) stands out as the first choice. They also favour value-added services that adds with local culture taste. Particularly they would welcome value-added services that can incorporate role models, favourite products, and group activities into festival marketing. Using adolescents¡¦ familiar jargons will touch their heart as well. This study would contribute to the understanding of Kaohsiung¡¦s adolescents in adopting and using information and communications technologies (ICTs) in general, and whether they would accept mobile marketing for promoting festivals in particular. Hopefully by using this findings as an clue or a guide, local governments and telecommunications operators can design a better-planned and effective festival marketing arrangement which can further help constructs adolescents¡¦ local cultural identity. Keywords: mobile phone, value-added services, festival, marketing, short message, service (SMS)

Abstract Wireless communication and monitoring have been applied in military and other related engineering for couples of year. The application concept of this technology is now initiating in family life and the power monitoring of home scale combined with network and wireless communication will be setup in this study. This thesis is based on the use of PIC 16F877 microprocessor as main unit to catch the equipment information and treat the process of state control. The interchange control between information and main computer will be employed by RF wireless modulus. The drawing-type interface of human/machine is designed by using the software of Labview. The internet obeying agreements of TCP/IP communication combined with global movable communication of GSM will be built up to carry out the wireless remote control for safety-management system of power equipment by fast information transfer. This system was approved to meet the define requirements through the processes of analysis¡Bdesign¡Bmanufacturing and test.

The aim of the research was to explore the relationship between the use of SMS communication by adolescents and their perceived feelings of loneliness. The SMS seems to be the new communication medium for young people as they are most comfortable with and enthusiastic about this technology and its applications. The adolescent stage is characterised by the building of own social networks, the definition of boundaries between themselves and parents, self-presentation constructed on a social stage in relation to others and characterised by the development of romantic attachments, feelings of anxiety, self-esteem development and maintenance which may result in feelings of isolation and loneliness. Loneliness can be defined as an emotional and cognitive reaction to having fewer and less satisfying relationships than one desires. This includes the absence or self-perceived absence of satisfying social relationships and the unpleasant experience that occurs when a person's network of social relations is deficient in some important way. The motivation for this research was to get insight into the relationship between the use of SMS communication and loneliness in the South African context. An internet search on the 13th February 2006 indicated that no research has yet been done on the relationship between the use of the SMS and loneliness of adolescents in South Africa. An availability sample was used. One hundred and seventeen Grade 11 and 12 learners from two schools in the North West Province participated in the research project. An explanatory cross-sectional survey design with features of qualitative data analysis was used in this investigation. Three methods were used to obtain data, namely the UCLA Loneliness Scale (Version 3), Satisfaction with Life Scale as well as a self-compiled questionnaire. After scoring the UCLA scale the researcher determined which of the participants had the highest level of loneliness and the lowest level of loneliness. Two groups were chosen, each consisting or 15 learners, according to the highest and lowest scores on the loneliness scale respectively. These two groups represented the top and bottom 14% of the sample. The data obtained from the self-compiled questionnaire and Satisfaction with Life scale were qualitatively compared. Analysis of the data indicated that there might be a relationship between the experience of loneliness and the following: gender; number of siblings; involvement in romantic relationships; amount of money spent on bill (financial constraints); quantity of SMS messages sent and received; need to stay in contact with friends over the weekend; reasons for sending SMS messages; feelings regarding sending or receiving SMS messages; feelings regarding no response to SMS messages; feeling with regard to not receiving SMS messages from a friend for a long time; initiating of friendships via cellphone and the SMS rather than face-to-face communication. Suggestions for future research projects were made. / Thesis (M.A. (Clinical Psychology))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2007

Health applications are usually complicated and low end devices do not benefit from them. The focus of this thesis is on expandable health services platform for low end cell phones. Large number of mobile phones in the world are incapable using web or modern operating systems and pre-installed SMS application is the preferred communication medium. Moreover, SMS does not require a stable connection so text-based health information can still be available even during natural disasters. Although our platform is accessible through communication forms other than SMS. We propose a scalable platform for light weight health applications, providing novel and proactive client communication. Using cloud we assure the scalability, elasticity and reliability of the server side. Our multi-layered architecture provides separation of concerns and decoupling of communication and business logic. Furthermore, plug-ins can expand and customize functionalities.

Introdução: A mortalidade materna é aquela resultante de complicações diretas e indiretas da gravidez, parto ou puerpério, e um indicador de saúde da mulher bem como do desempenho dos sistemas de atenção à saúde. O Planejamento Familiar é considerado fundamental na diminuição das taxas de mortalidade materna. A implantação de estratégias efetivas de planejamento familiar no pós-parto (PFPP) poderia contribuir na diminuição das taxas de morbidade e mortalidade materna e infantil, bem como do número de gestações não planejadas e abortos inseguros. O uso de Tecnologias de Informação e Comunicação (TIC) em uma intervenção educativa em saúde de PFPP poderia ser considerado uma ferramenta complementar útil na atenção pós-natal. Objetivo: Determinar se o envio de mensagens de texto via Short Message Service (SMS) sobre PFPP, é um complemento útil para o acompanhamento pós-natal, incentivando o uso de anticoncepcional no pós-parto e o retorno à consulta de puerpério. Métodos: Ensaio clínico aleatorizado controlado por grupo . Realizado entre fevereiro de 2015 e junho de 2016 em Ribeirão Preto. Com 420 mulheres, 326 mulheres do grupo de controle e 94 mulheres do grupo com intervenção, cada grupo estava composto por 10 Unidades Básicas e Distritais de Saúde. Mulheres do grupo com intervenção, com idade igual ou superior a 18 anos e com idade gestacional inferior a 20 semanas, foram convidadas a cadastrar-se no programa, após o aceite de participação, foi enviado o primeiro grupo de mensagens com informações referentes ao parto e gravidez, este envio terminava após o parto. Dentro das primeiras 48 horas pós-parto a mulher era entrevistada na maternidade, sendo coletados dados sociodemográficos, e do histórico sexual e reprodutivo, quatro dias após o parto as mulheres do grupo com intervenção que aceitaram receber as mensagens após o parto, receberam o segundo grupo de mensagens durante oito semanas com informações sobre contracepção no pós-parto. No terceiro mês após o parto foram entrevistadas as 420 no domicílio, o uso de anticoncepcional no pós-parto e assistência à consulta puerperal foram avaliados como desfechos principais. Todas as mulheres assinaram o Termo de Consentimento Livre e Esclarecido. Resultados: A taxa total de uso de anticoncepcional foi de 92% no terceiro mês após o parto, 89% foram anticoncepcionais hormonais. Em relação á consulta puerperal, 76% das mulheres compareceram à consulta. 7 Conclusões: Não houve diferencia estatisticamente significante entre os grupos, talvez o impacto deste tipo de intervenção educativa pode ser diferente em outros contextos e regiões brasileiras onde a informação em saúde é mais defasada e as mulheres têm mais dificuldades no acesso ao serviço de saúde. Este foi o primeiro estudo da literatura que avaliou o impacto de mensagens educativas via SMS sobre uso de contraceptivos após três meses do parto. Além de promover informação através de SMS, numa linguagem de fácil entendimento para as mulheres sobre saúde reprodutiva, a proposta deste estudo possibilitou a participação ativa dessas mulheres, por possuir um sistema de mensagem de texto bidirecional. / Introduction: Maternal mortality is the result of direct and indirect complications of pregnancy, childbirth or puerperium, and an indicator of women\'s health as well as the performance of health care systems. Family Planning is considered to be crucial in reducing maternal mortality rates. The implementation of effective family planning strategies in the postpartum period (FPPP) could contribute to the reduction of rates of maternal and infant morbidity and mortality, as well as the number of unplanned pregnancies and unsafe abortions. The use of Information and Communication Technologies (CIT) in a FPPP health education intervention could be considered a useful complementary tool in postnatal care. Objective: To determine if the sending of text messages via Short Message Service (SMS) on FPPP is a useful complement to postnatal follow-up, encouraging postpartum contraceptive use and the return to puerperal consultation. Methods: Conglomerate-controlled randomized clinical trial. Held between February 2015 and June 2016 in Ribeirão Preto. With 420 women, 326 women from the conglomerate control and 94 women from the conglomerate with intervention, each conglomerate was composed of 10 Basic and District Health Units. Women of the conglomerate with intervention, aged 18 years or above and with gestational age less than 20 weeks, were invited to join the program, after accepting participation, was sent the first group of messages with information regarding delivery and pregnancy, this shipment ended after delivery. Within the first 48 hours postpartum, the woman was interviewed in the maternity ward, and socio-demographic data and sexual and reproductive history were collected. Four days after delivery, women from the conglomerate with intervention who accepted to receive postpartum messages received the second group of messages for eight weeks with information on postpartum contraception. In the third month after delivery, the 420 women were interviewed at home, postpartum contraceptive use and puerperal consultation were evaluated as the main outcomes. All the women signed the Free and Informed Consent Form. Results: The total contraceptive use rate was 92% in the third month after delivery, 89% were hormonal contraceptives. Regarding the puerperal consultation, 76% of the women attended the consultation. Conclusions: There was no statistically significant 9 difference between groups, perhaps the impact of this type of educational intervention may be different in other Brazilian contexts and regions where health information is more lagged and women have more difficulties in accessing the health service. This was the first study in the literature that evaluated the impact of educational messages via SMS on contraceptive use after three months of childbirth. In addition to promoting information through SMS, in a language that women can easily understand about reproductive health, the proposal of this study made possible the active participation of these women, because it has a two-way text message system.

Introdução: A mortalidade materna é aquela resultante de complicações diretas e indiretas da gravidez, parto ou puerpério, e um indicador de saúde da mulher bem como do desempenho dos sistemas de atenção à saúde. O Planejamento Familiar é considerado fundamental na diminuição das taxas de mortalidade materna. A implantação de estratégias efetivas de planejamento familiar no pós-parto (PFPP) poderia contribuir na diminuição das taxas de morbidade e mortalidade materna e infantil, bem como do número de gestações não planejadas e abortos inseguros. O uso de Tecnologias de Informação e Comunicação (TIC) em uma intervenção educativa em saúde de PFPP poderia ser considerado uma ferramenta complementar útil na atenção pós-natal. Objetivo: Determinar se o envio de mensagens de texto via Short Message Service (SMS) sobre PFPP, é um complemento útil para o acompanhamento pós-natal, incentivando o uso de anticoncepcional no pós-parto e o retorno à consulta de puerpério. Métodos: Ensaio clínico aleatorizado controlado por grupo . Realizado entre fevereiro de 2015 e junho de 2016 em Ribeirão Preto. Com 420 mulheres, 326 mulheres do grupo de controle e 94 mulheres do grupo com intervenção, cada grupo estava composto por 10 Unidades Básicas e Distritais de Saúde. Mulheres do grupo com intervenção, com idade igual ou superior a 18 anos e com idade gestacional inferior a 20 semanas, foram convidadas a cadastrar-se no programa, após o aceite de participação, foi enviado o primeiro grupo de mensagens com informações referentes ao parto e gravidez, este envio terminava após o parto. Dentro das primeiras 48 horas pós-parto a mulher era entrevistada na maternidade, sendo coletados dados sociodemográficos, e do histórico sexual e reprodutivo, quatro dias após o parto as mulheres do grupo com intervenção que aceitaram receber as mensagens após o parto, receberam o segundo grupo de mensagens durante oito semanas com informações sobre contracepção no pós-parto. No terceiro mês após o parto foram entrevistadas as 420 no domicílio, o uso de anticoncepcional no pós-parto e assistência à consulta puerperal foram avaliados como desfechos principais. Todas as mulheres assinaram o Termo de Consentimento Livre e Esclarecido. Resultados: A taxa total de uso de anticoncepcional foi de 92% no terceiro mês após o parto, 89% foram anticoncepcionais hormonais. Em relação á consulta puerperal, 76% das mulheres compareceram à consulta. 7 Conclusões: Não houve diferencia estatisticamente significante entre os grupos, talvez o impacto deste tipo de intervenção educativa pode ser diferente em outros contextos e regiões brasileiras onde a informação em saúde é mais defasada e as mulheres têm mais dificuldades no acesso ao serviço de saúde. Este foi o primeiro estudo da literatura que avaliou o impacto de mensagens educativas via SMS sobre uso de contraceptivos após três meses do parto. Além de promover informação através de SMS, numa linguagem de fácil entendimento para as mulheres sobre saúde reprodutiva, a proposta deste estudo possibilitou a participação ativa dessas mulheres, por possuir um sistema de mensagem de texto bidirecional. / Introduction: Maternal mortality is the result of direct and indirect complications of pregnancy, childbirth or puerperium, and an indicator of women\'s health as well as the performance of health care systems. Family Planning is considered to be crucial in reducing maternal mortality rates. The implementation of effective family planning strategies in the postpartum period (FPPP) could contribute to the reduction of rates of maternal and infant morbidity and mortality, as well as the number of unplanned pregnancies and unsafe abortions. The use of Information and Communication Technologies (CIT) in a FPPP health education intervention could be considered a useful complementary tool in postnatal care. Objective: To determine if the sending of text messages via Short Message Service (SMS) on FPPP is a useful complement to postnatal follow-up, encouraging postpartum contraceptive use and the return to puerperal consultation. Methods: Conglomerate-controlled randomized clinical trial. Held between February 2015 and June 2016 in Ribeirão Preto. With 420 women, 326 women from the conglomerate control and 94 women from the conglomerate with intervention, each conglomerate was composed of 10 Basic and District Health Units. Women of the conglomerate with intervention, aged 18 years or above and with gestational age less than 20 weeks, were invited to join the program, after accepting participation, was sent the first group of messages with information regarding delivery and pregnancy, this shipment ended after delivery. Within the first 48 hours postpartum, the woman was interviewed in the maternity ward, and socio-demographic data and sexual and reproductive history were collected. Four days after delivery, women from the conglomerate with intervention who accepted to receive postpartum messages received the second group of messages for eight weeks with information on postpartum contraception. In the third month after delivery, the 420 women were interviewed at home, postpartum contraceptive use and puerperal consultation were evaluated as the main outcomes. All the women signed the Free and Informed Consent Form. Results: The total contraceptive use rate was 92% in the third month after delivery, 89% were hormonal contraceptives. Regarding the puerperal consultation, 76% of the women attended the consultation. Conclusions: There was no statistically significant 9 difference between groups, perhaps the impact of this type of educational intervention may be different in other Brazilian contexts and regions where health information is more lagged and women have more difficulties in accessing the health service. This was the first study in the literature that evaluated the impact of educational messages via SMS on contraceptive use after three months of childbirth. In addition to promoting information through SMS, in a language that women can easily understand about reproductive health, the proposal of this study made possible the active participation of these women, because it has a two-way text message system.