No description available.

The observed physiological dynamics of an infant receiving intensive care contain a great deal of information about factors which cannot be examined directly, including the state of health of the infant and the operation of the monitoring equipment. This type of data tends to contain both common, recognisable patterns (e.g. as caused by certain clinical operations or artifacts) and some which are rare and harder to interpret. The problem of identifying the presence of these patterns using prior knowledge is clinically significant, and one which is naturally described in terms of statistical machine learning. In this thesis I develop probabilistic dynamical models which are capable of making useful inferences from neonatal intensive care unit monitoring data. The Factorial Switching Kalman Filter (FSKF) in particular is adopted as a suitable framework for monitoring the condition of an infant. The main contributions are as follows: (1) the application of the FSKF for inferring common factors in physiological monitoring data, which includes finding parameterisations of linear dynamical models to represent common physiological and artifactual conditions, and adapting parameter estimation and inference techniques for the purpose; (2) the formulation of a model for novel physiological dynamics, used to infer the times in which something is happening which is not described by any of the known patterns. EM updates are derived for the latter model in order to estimate parameters. Experimental results are given which show the developed methods to be effective on genuine monitoring data.

No description available.

A research report submitted to the Faculty of Engineering and the Built Environment, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Engineering. Johannesburg, 2016 / Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO) radar is a more general form of phased array radar, where each antenna in the array transmits linearly independent or mutually orthogonal signals. Sustained growth in computational power as well as the decline in the cost of integrated radio frequency (RF) components has made MIMO more viable than in the past. The potential emergence of practical MIMO radar has prompted an investigation into the detectability of MIMO radar signals using existing conventional Electronic warfare Support (ES) receivers such as the Crystal Video Receiver (CVR) and a specific type of superheterodyne receiver (superhet) known as the Zero IF Receiver (ZIFR). Literature on the detectability of MIMO radar signals is extremely scarce and this investigation aims to offer insights into the detectability of MIMO radar signals by means of computer simulations. The fundamental theory necessary for this research includes phased array radar theory, MIMO array radar theory and ES receiver signal detection theory. The detection of MIMO radar signals is compared to a reference phased array case to provide relative context. This investigation focusses on co-located Uniform Linear Arrays (ULA) based radar systems. The result of interest is the relative Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR) at which each type of radar can be detected by the ES receiver. Therefore, a lossless transmission, without loss of generality, is assumed. Constraints such as the equal transmit power over all antenna elements in the arrays, are used for a fair comparison. Many different array simulation setups are simulated. These setups are achieved by varying the number of elements in the array and the inter-element spacing. The phased array radar transmitted complex linear chirp signals, and the MIMO radar transmitted Hadamard sequences, interpolated using a Constant Envelope Linear-Route-of-Unity (CE-LRU) technique. The CVR and ZIFR detection thresholds were determined for a Probability of False Alarm (PFA) of 10-4. For all of the setups, the phased array radar was found to be more detectable than the MIMO radar at values of Probability of Detection (PD) below 0.6. The in phase coherent combination of phased array radar signals in its main beam resulted in a signal gain caused by the constructive addition of the signals. This gain thus increases with the number of antenna elements. In contrast, the MIMO signals also add coherently, but the instantaneous phase for each signal is a function of the transmitted signal as well as the direction of propagation relative to the array face. The set of orthogonal signals thus add constructively and destructively, resulting in the average signal power remaining approximately constant despite the number of antenna elements increasing. The difference in detectability of the phased array radar over MIMO radar therefore increases as the number of antenna elements is increased, due to the fact that each element is constrained to transmit a fixed power. Comparing the performance of the ZIFR and CVR, the ZIFR outperforms the CVR. This is due to the fact that the ZIFR implements a quadrature ES receiver, and was able to detect both types of radar signals at a lower SNR than the CVR. However, both ES receivers struggle to detect MIMO radar signals in comparison to detecting phased array radar signals and this performance margin widens as the number of transmitting elements is increased. This result suggests that research into dedicated techniques for the detection of MIMO radar signals using ES receivers may be necessary should the need arise to detect MIMO radar signals in future. This is the first quantitative analysis of the detectability of MIMO radar signals using conventional ES receivers that the author is aware of. / MT2017

This thesis describes and discusses design and implementation of digital filters inembedded systems. Digital filters provide great flexibility where an interchangeablefilter is needed and real valued components are limited. Common sampling problemssuch as aliasing and reconstruction are discussed and solved using analog filters.A circuitry is constructed to interact with the embedded system according to itsspecifications. Digital filter theory is reviewed and applied in both IIR (Infinite ImpulseResponse) and FIR (Finite Impulse Response) filters. Design methods used arewindow method for the FIR filter and zero-pole placement for the IIR filter. Thefilters are implemented in c code on an embedded system named UC3-A3 AVR-boardfrom Atmel. The complete system is effectively used to filter a music piece fromunwanted interference and noise with real-time computing.

by Leung Pak Ming. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1980. / Bibliography: leaves 199-206.

This thesis provides a framework for describing a canonical evolutionary system. Populations of individuals are envisaged as traversing a search space structured by genetic and developmental operators under the influence of selection. Selection acts on individuals' phenotypic expressions, guiding the population over an evaluation landscape, which describes an idealised evaluation surface over the phenotypic space. The corresponding valuation landscape describes evaluations over the genotypic space and may be transformed by within generation adaptive (learning) or maladaptive (fault induction) local search. Populations subjected to particular genetic and selection operators are claimed to evolve towards a region of the valuation landscape with a characteristic local ruggedness, as given by the runtime operator correlation coefficient. This corresponds to the view of evolution discovering an evolutionarily stable population, or quasi-species, held in a state of dynamic equilibrium by the operator set and evaluation function. This is demonstrated by genetic algorithm experiments using the NK landscapes and a novel, evolvable evaluation function, The Tower of Babel. In fluctuating environments of varying temporal ruggedness, different operator sets are correspondingly more or less adapted. Quantitative genetics analyses of populations in sinusoidally fluctuating conditions are shown to describe certain well known electronic filters. This observation suggests the notion of Evolutionary Signal Processing. Genetic algorithm experiments in which a population tracks a sinusoidally fluctuating optimum support this view. Using a self-adaptive mutation rate, it is possible to tune the evolutionary filter to the environmental frequency. For a time varying frequency, the mutation rate reacts accordingly. With local search, the valuation landscape is transformed through temporal smoothing. By coevolving modifier genes for individual learning and the rate at which the benefits may be directly transmitted to the next generation, the relative adaptedness of individual learning and cultural inheritance according to the rate of environmental change is demonstrated.

by Wai-kuen Lai. / Thesis (Ph.D.)--Chinese University of Hong kong, 1997. / Includes bibliographical references. / Electronic reproduction. Hong Kong : Chinese University of Hong Kong, [2012] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Mode of access: World Wide Web.

by Yeung Wai Leung. / Thesis (Ph.D.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1997. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 248-[259]). / Electronic reproduction. Hong Kong : Chinese University of Hong Kong, [2012] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Mode of access: World Wide Web.

In this thesis, we also investigated various conversion techniques concerning how to improve the performance of multiplierless fast 1-D DCT, and row column 2-D DCT fast algorithms. We have explored a number of choices of conversion techniques having an impact on the performance of multiplierless fast DCT algorithms. Based on our analytical analysis, and experiment results, we have the following findings: (1) a transform based on a reversible inverse generally performs better than a version based on a traditional inverse; (2) a transform with a delayed uniform normalization step can achieve a much better performance; (3) a lifting structure transform can usually achieve better performance than its non-lifting structure version; (4) using an optimized configuration of non-zero digits to approximate the coefficients can help to achieve a much better performance than using a non-optimized configuration. / This thesis proposes effective methods to convert fast DCT algorithms, including 1-D DCT, row column 2-D DCT, and direct 2-D DCT, into their multiplierless versions. The basic conversion techniques used include: (1) to convert any butterfly structures in a DCT algorithm into lifting steps; (2) to use an optimized configuration of non-zero digits to approximate the coefficients so that multiplications can be converted into shift and add operations. We devised an effective algorithm based on the remainder theorem for finding an MSD representation, with minimum wordlength, of any float constant. As the approximation errors of different coefficients often affect the MSE of an approximated fast DCT algorithm differently, we developed an efficient search algorithm for finding an optimized configuration of non-zero digits for approximating each of the coefficients with an appropriate number of non-zero signed digits so that the approximated algorithm could achieve a minimum MSE. / When compared to those multiplierless fast 1-D DCT algorithms developed by others, the multiplierless 1-D DCT fast algorithms developed via our proposed conversion method can achieve similar or better performance in terms of MSE and PSNR. While the published methods were use to approximate only the kernels of the 1-D DCT fast algorithms with butterfly structures, our proposed methods can approximate both the kernels and the normalization steps of any 1-D DCT, row column 2-D DCT, and direct 2-D DCT fast algorithms. / Chan, Kwong Wing Raymond. / "February 2007." / Adviser: Lee Moon Chuen. / Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 68-09, Section: B, page: 6172. / Thesis (Ph.D.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2007. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 110-117). / Electronic reproduction. Hong Kong : Chinese University of Hong Kong, [2012] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Electronic reproduction. [Ann Arbor, MI] : ProQuest Information and Learning, [200-] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Abstract in English and Chinese. / School code: 1307.