The flourishing city of East London has received but scant attention from historians. Its importance has been overshadowed by that of Cape Town, Durban and Port Elizabeth, each with a foundation bordering on the romantic. The introduction to this thesis indicates traces of the existence of primitive man in these parts. The historical survey will commence with notices taken of the region by nautical and land expeditions in search of either shipwrecked sailors, or news of native races. The first serious notice of East London taken by the white people came in the time of Sir Benjamin D'Urban who sought a seaport for his new province of Queen Adelaide. Our port was opened in 1836 under the appellation of Port Rex, but faded into temporary insignificance, almost oblivion, with the reversal of Sir. B. D'Urban's frontier policy by Lord Glenelg and the abandonment of the new province in 1837. It was not destined to remain forgotten, for Sir Harry Smith at the end of 1847, saw in the mouth of the Buffalo River the same possibilities as had struck the advisers of Sir B. D'Urban. To him it was the future London of the East, and the connecting link between British Kaffraria and the world outside. From that time East London has grown steadily, and of recent years very rapidly. It is not proposed to carry this survey much beyond 1866 in which year British Kaffraria was annexed to the Cape Colony.

Les développements récents des systèmes hyperfréquences conduisent à des contraintes drastiques sur la taille et le coût des composants, et en particulier sur les Filtres Passe-Bande (BPF). L’objectif de cette thèse était d’apporter des solutions innovantes pour du filtrage large-bande compact en basses fréquences. Nous avons proposé deux solutions topologiques de compacité.La première solution est axée sur l’amélioration de la compacité des résonateurs grâce au résonateur multi-sections. Cette topologie a été théorisée et modélisée afin de l’optimiser. La compacité apportée par le résonateur multi-sections a été démontrée à travers la réalisation de filtres interdigité. La deuxième solution est une nouvelle topologie du filtre combline appelée filtre combline à couplage électrique (ECC). Nous avons également montré que ces solutions topologiques sont compatibles avec d’autres solutions technologiques de compacité (multicouche…).Ces solutions permettent de résoudre les problèmes d’encombrement et d’intégration des filtres actuels tout en gardant des performances électriques équivalentes. / Recent developments in microwave systems lead to drastic constraints on the size and cost of components, and in particularly on Passband Filters (BPF). The aim of this thesis was to provide innovative solutions for low band compact broadband filtering. We proposed two topological solutions of compactness.The first solution focuses on improving the compactness of the resonator thanks to the multisections resonator. This topology has been theorized and modeled to optimize it. The compactness provided by the multi-sections resonator has been shown by the realization of interdigital filters. The second solution is a new topology of the combline filter, electrical coupling combline filter (ECC).We have also shown that these topological solutions are compatible with other technological solutions of compactness (multilayer ...).These solutions solve the size and integration problems of current filters with equivalentelectrical performance.

Les sphères diplomatique et culturelle sont souvent créditées de liens étroits. Nombreuses sont les monographies consacrées à des figures de diplomates écrivains, artistes ou savants, en particulier pour l’Époque moderne. L’objet de cette thèse est d’interroger cette association et de la mettre en doute, comme fondée sur des approximations et un refus de considérer les milieux diplomatiques aussi bien dans leur globalité à une date donnée, que dans leurs spécificités temporelles et géographiques, pour se focaliser sur quelques éléments brillants, mais finalement peu représentatifs. Le choix a été fait de recentrer la réflexion au sein d’un cadre culturel de référence à l’Époque moderne, celui de la République des Lettres, et de se saisir de l’ensemble d’un réseau d’information diplomatique qui puisse servir de témoin, en l’espèce celui qu’organisa depuis Whitehall Sir Joseph Williamson, entre 1660 et 1680.Cet exemple de Williamson a paru particulièrement judicieux, car il incarne l’un des principaux diplomates britanniques de la fin du XVIIe siècle, mais aussi un savant à part entière. Enfin, l’historiographie l’a souvent noté comme le grand organisateur d’un système de renseignement au profit de l’Angleterre de la Restauration, et les archives découlant de ses activités ont été remarquablement bien conservées.Après avoir présenté et justifié les sources, cette étude s’attache à la reconstitution du système d’information diplomatique de Williamson. Loin de s’y presser en grand nombre, les savants s’y révèlent finalement plutôt rares. De plus, lorsqu’ils sont présents, leur participation survient à la faveur de circonstances spécifiques, que nous entreprenons d’expliciter. / Diplomatic and cultural spheres are often regarded as being very close, especially in Early Modern Europe. Many biographies are devoted to diplomats who were also authors, artists or scholars. The purpose of this PhD is to question this association, and to argue that it results from inaccurate observations, and from a refusal to consider diplomatic structures globally at a given date, so that brilliant individuals tend to attract all attention, even if they are exceptions.In order to draw a more accurate picture of the actual relations between diplomatic and cultural spheres, I decided to focus on the Republic of Letters, as the prominent cultural structure of Early Modern Europe, and on a specific diplomatic network of informants: the international network which was developed by Sir Joseph Williamson between 1660 and 1680. This case is particularly appealing, because Williamson was one of the major British diplomats of the time, and also an accomplished scholar. Finally, his extensive records have been remarkably well preserved. Thanks to these materials, it has been possible to reconstitute Williamson’s network of informants, and to establish that few of them were men of letters, most of whom only appear in specific circumstances, which are depicted and discussed in this work.

This thesis examines the practice of forensic medicine in Scotland in the period 1914 to 1939. This was a time of significant dynamism for the discipline, in which it enjoyed a high public profile and played an important role in the investigation of crime. The project focuses in particular on medico-legal practice at an elite level, based in specialist departments in the universities of Edinburgh and Glasgow. As well as producing a significant amount of research and textbook material, and thus constituting authorities within the discipline, representatives of these institutions gave expert evidence in a number of high-profile trials. Thus, an examination of their work can show how medico-legal knowledge was constructed, presented and challenged. To this end, four main areas of forensic medical practice are analysed, including the post-mortem examination, the laboratory analysis of trace evidence, the investigation of shootings and the use of photography. The development of the techniques contained within these categories is charted, as is the range of situations to which they were applied and the various ways in which their use was challenged in court by hostile legal counsel. Sources including textbooks and journal articles, medical case reports, photograph albums and trial transcripts are used. A fifth section explores an area of the public face of the discipline, specifically the popular output of two of its most famous practitioners, Sydney Smith and John Glaister Jr. Both produced memoirs and newspaper serials after retirement. These are used to explore the ways they reflected on their careers and spun their legacies, portraying themselves as impartial servants of science and justice. The thesis argues that the place of forensic medicine in wider institutional, investigative and geographical networks was central to its existence. The discipline collaborated extensively, both with representatives of other areas of the medical profession and with external authorities, professions and trades. Means of communication, such as written reports and samples taken at autopsy, allowed experts in the universities to lend their expertise to the non-specialists in peripheries by providing expert opinions based on materials sent to them. The scrutiny of post-mortem reports produced by peripheral generalists allowed medico-legists’ expertise to be spread over a wide geographical area. The thesis also reflects on the ways in which medico-legists guarded against error. Techniques derived from other areas of medicine and science were not adopted for use in court until their reliability could be demonstrated satisfactorily, and controls and standards were built in to procedures.

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Актуальность темы магистерской диссертации заключается в ее тесной связи с глобальной пандемией нового коронавируса, при этом особое внимание уделяется распространению эпидемии и борьбе с ней. Целью исследования является предоставление научной и научно обоснованной поддержки путем разработки моделей и симуляций политики профилактики эпидемий в сообществе. Основная цель диссертационной работы – оценить факторы, влияющие на эффективность стратегий профилактики и контроля, а также раскрыть ключевые факторы и механизмы передачи эпидемии. Посредством симуляционных экспериментов, анализа и сравнения результатов создается исчерпывающая информация, которая поможет лицам, принимающим решения, формулировать и осуществлять более эффективную политику профилактики эпидемий на уровне сообщества. Целью данного исследования является изучение влияния мобильности населения и планировки жилого массива на передачу заболеваний и эффективность стратегий профилактики эпидемий. Предметом исследования является разработка системы моделирования и симуляции политики предотвращения эпидемий на уровне сообщества с использованием модели SIR и сети «малого мира» в жилом сообществе с численностью населения 500 человек. Научная новизна данного исследования заключается в сочетании классической модели SIR с сетевой моделью маленького мира, а также в использовании агентной модели и программного обеспечения NetLogo для моделирования. Этот инновационный подход учитывает взаимодействие и связи между людьми в сообществе, позволяя более точно моделировать распространение болезней и оценивать эффекты различных стратегий профилактики эпидемий. Практическая значимость исследования заключается в обеспечении научной основы и руководства для лиц, принимающих решения. Путем проведения симуляционных экспериментов и анализа результатов исследование оптимизирует разработку и реализацию политики профилактики эпидемий на уровне сообщества, эффективно контролируя распространение заболеваний, защищая здоровье населения и решая проблемы, связанные с инфекционными заболеваниями. / The relevance of the master's thesis topic lies in its close connection to the global novel coronavirus pandemic, specifically focusing on the spread and control of the epidemic. The research aims to provide scientific and evidence-based support by developing community epidemic prevention policy models and simulations. The main goal of the thesis is to evaluate the factors influencing the effectiveness of prevention and control strategies and uncover the key factors and mechanisms of epidemic transmission. Through simulation experiments, analysis, and comparison of results, comprehensive information is generated to assist decision makers in formulating and implementing more effective community epidemic prevention policies. The objective of this study is to examine the influence of population mobility and the layout of a residential community on disease transmission and the effectiveness of epidemic prevention strategies. The subject of research focuses on developing a modeling and simulation framework for community epidemic prevention policies using the SIR model and small-world network in a residential community with a population size of 500 individuals. The scientific novelty of this study lies in the combination of the classic SIR model with the small-world network model, along with the introduction of the agent model and NetLogo software for simulation. This innovative approach considers the interactions and connections between individuals in a community, enabling a more accurate modeling of disease spread and evaluation of the effects of different epidemic prevention policies. The practical significance of the research lies in its provision of scientific basis and guidance to decision makers. By conducting simulation experiments and analyzing the results, the study optimizes the formulation and implementation of community epidemic prevention policies, effectively controlling the spread of diseases, protecting public health, and addressing the challenges posed by infectious diseases.

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Thesis (BEd)--Stellenbosch University, 1939. / INLEIDING: Die onderwys in Suid-Afrika het baie langsaam vooruitgegaan. Die Engelse Goeweneurs aan die Kaap was oor die algemeen onbekwaam en was buitendien so besig met politieke aangeleenthede dat hulle nouliks aandag kon gee a an die opvoeding. Daarom is dit dadelik opvallend wanneer ons 'n Goewaneur kry wat ook vir die geestelike belange van die bevolking 'n ope oog gehad het. So 'n Goeweneur was Sir George Grey, 'n man wat besonder bevoeg was en wat in alle rigtings baie vir Suid-Afrika gedoen het.