Esta dissertação tem como objetivo o estudo da distribuição ``slash\'\', considerando seus casos simétrico e assimétrico univariados. Serão apresentadas propriedades probabilísticas e inferenciais dessa distribuição, assim como peculiaridades e problemas. Para serem feitas inferências será considerado o enfoque clássico através do uso dos métodos dos momentos e máxima verossimilhança. São apresentados também os cálculos para a obtenção destes estimadores. Nos casos onde estes estimadores não podem ser obtidos algebricamente foram utilizados métodos computacionais, através da implementação do algoritmo EM. Para isto, foi utilizado o software R e os comandos estão no apêndice. No caso dos estimadores de máxima verossimilhança será implementado o método de Louis para estimar os elementos da matriz de informação de Fisher. Foram realizados estudos de simulação e aplicações para dados reais. Nas aplicações foi analisado o modelo de regressão linear simples, onde foi considerado que os erros seguem distribuição slash assimétrica. / This dissertation aims at studying the ``slash\'\' distribution considering its symmetric and asymmetric versions. We present probabilistic as well as inferential aspects of this distribution, including peculiarities and problems related to model fitting. The classical approach based on maximum likelihood estimation is used. Moments estimation is also considered as starting values for the maximum likelihood estimation. The implementation of the EM algorithm is developed for the implementation of the likelihood approach. For this implementation software R was used and codes required are presented in the Appendix. As a byproduct of the EM algorithm, Louis method is considered for estimating the Fisher information matrix which can be used for computing large sample intervals for model parameters. Extensions for a simple regression model is considered. Simulation studies are presented illustrating the performance of the estimation approach considered. Results of real data analysis indicate that the methodology can perform well in applied scenarios.

Esta dissertação tem como objetivo o estudo da distribuição ``slash\'\', considerando seus casos simétrico e assimétrico univariados. Serão apresentadas propriedades probabilísticas e inferenciais dessa distribuição, assim como peculiaridades e problemas. Para serem feitas inferências será considerado o enfoque clássico através do uso dos métodos dos momentos e máxima verossimilhança. São apresentados também os cálculos para a obtenção destes estimadores. Nos casos onde estes estimadores não podem ser obtidos algebricamente foram utilizados métodos computacionais, através da implementação do algoritmo EM. Para isto, foi utilizado o software R e os comandos estão no apêndice. No caso dos estimadores de máxima verossimilhança será implementado o método de Louis para estimar os elementos da matriz de informação de Fisher. Foram realizados estudos de simulação e aplicações para dados reais. Nas aplicações foi analisado o modelo de regressão linear simples, onde foi considerado que os erros seguem distribuição slash assimétrica. / This dissertation aims at studying the ``slash\'\' distribution considering its symmetric and asymmetric versions. We present probabilistic as well as inferential aspects of this distribution, including peculiarities and problems related to model fitting. The classical approach based on maximum likelihood estimation is used. Moments estimation is also considered as starting values for the maximum likelihood estimation. The implementation of the EM algorithm is developed for the implementation of the likelihood approach. For this implementation software R was used and codes required are presented in the Appendix. As a byproduct of the EM algorithm, Louis method is considered for estimating the Fisher information matrix which can be used for computing large sample intervals for model parameters. Extensions for a simple regression model is considered. Simulation studies are presented illustrating the performance of the estimation approach considered. Results of real data analysis indicate that the methodology can perform well in applied scenarios.

Thesis (M.S.)--Oregon State University, 1978. / Typescript (photocopy). Includes bibliographical references. Also available on the World Wide Web.

Thesis (M.S.)--University of South Florida, 2003. / Title from PDF of title page. Document formatted into pages; contains 78 pages. Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis--University of Florida. / Description based on print version record. Typescript. Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 123-132).

A study was carried out to investigate the effects of slashburning on the nutrient status of two Sub-Boreal Spruce zone ecosystems in the west central interior of British Columbia. The slash, forest floor and mineral soil (0-15 cm depth) in these ecosystems were sampled for mass and nutrient content before and after burning on a recently clearcut site. The forest floor and mineral soil were also sampled for nutrient concentrations nine months following burning. Average losses of organic matter, N, P, S, K, Ca, and Mg to the atmosphere due to slashburning were 11.1 kg/m² and 563, 55, 87, 60, 252, and 16 kg/ha, respectively, from the mesic ecosystems and 11.5 kg/m² and 345, 52, 74, 16, 289, and 177 kg/ha, respectively, from the subhygric/hygric ecosystems. These amounts corresponded to 51, 47, 41, 56, 40, 40 and 20%, respectively, of the total quantities of these nutrients in the slash and forest floor in the mesic ecosystems before burning, and 25, 9, 13, 14, 5, 6 and 17%, respectively, of the cjuantities in the subhygric/hygric ecosystems. There were substantial losses of organic matter from coarse (>8 cm diam.) and fine ≤ 1 cm diam.) slash and the forest floor components. However, nutrient losses were largely attributed to fine slash and forest floor consumption. Nutrient losses from the fine slash appeared to be independent of fire severity, although losses of most nutrients from the forest floor increased with fire severity; in plots in the mesic ecosystems which received moderate impact burns, and plots in the subhygric/hygric ecosystems which received low and moderate impact burns, net gains in forest floor Mg, K, and K and Ca content, respectively, were found. Nine months following burning there were significant increases in pH and total Mg concentrations and decreases in exchangeable K concentrations in the forest floor in the mesic ecosystems and S concentration in the forest floor in plots which had received low impact burns in both ecosystems. Effects of burning on some nutrient concentrations were confounded by the inherent seasonal variability in labile nutrient forms. There were no significant changes in mineral soil nutrient concentrations that could be attributed to burning. However, any such changes of small magnitude would have been difficult to detect due to the high spatial variation in soil nutrient concentrations. The survival and growth of interior spruce seedlings in the first season following outplanting was better in burned than in unburned areas in both ecosystems. However, seedling foliar N and P concentrations were lower in the burned areas. It is concluded that if slashburning is carried out in the mesic ecosystems, low to moderate severity fires should be prescribed to preserve the nutrient capital present in the forest floor. Slashburning would not substantially reduce the nutrient capital of subhygric/hygric ecosystems even with much higher fire severities than were observed in this study. / Forestry, Faculty of / Graduate

<p>The following study is a qualitative combination of textual analysis and interviews concerning the subject of<em> slashfiction</em>. Slash is a sub-category to <em>fanfiction, </em>which essentially means non-professionally authored short stories about already existing characters and environments, for example from TV-shows, movies or books. These stories are available on the internet. The main point is to pair two of the male characters together in a sexual relationship. According to previous studies, 90 percent of all fanfiction writers are female and this percentage is probably even higher when it comes to slash.</p><p>I have looked into what these stories can be an expression of, by analyzing the construction of gender, sexuality and relationships using the following three questions:</p><ul><li>Is slash a quest for an <em>ideal </em>equal and romantic relationship?</li><li>Do these stories represent a <em>resistance </em>against established norms regarding gender and sexuality?</li><li>What role does <em>transcendence of boundaries</em> play in slash? </li></ul><p>I have used stories that are derived from the American TV show <em>Supernatural,</em> which generally try to explore the relationship between its protagonists, the brothers Sam and Dean Winchester.  The result gives a somewhat divided picture of slash, as some stories clearly break with traditional gender norms while others seem to uphold them.</p>

Thesis (M.S.)--Oregon State University, 1973. / Typescript (photocopy). Includes bibliographical references. Also available on the World Wide Web.

The following study is a qualitative combination of textual analysis and interviews concerning the subject of slashfiction. Slash is a sub-category to fanfiction, which essentially means non-professionally authored short stories about already existing characters and environments, for example from TV-shows, movies or books. These stories are available on the internet. The main point is to pair two of the male characters together in a sexual relationship. According to previous studies, 90 percent of all fanfiction writers are female and this percentage is probably even higher when it comes to slash. I have looked into what these stories can be an expression of, by analyzing the construction of gender, sexuality and relationships using the following three questions: Is slash a quest for an ideal equal and romantic relationship? Do these stories represent a resistance against established norms regarding gender and sexuality? What role does transcendence of boundaries play in slash? I have used stories that are derived from the American TV show Supernatural, which generally try to explore the relationship between its protagonists, the brothers Sam and Dean Winchester.  The result gives a somewhat divided picture of slash, as some stories clearly break with traditional gender norms while others seem to uphold them.

These (Ph. D.)--University of Queensland, 2001. / Includes bibliographical references.