Community participation has become an integral part of housing strategy for low income populations of the developing world. In the last three decades, it has gone beyond community involvement in cost recovery, sweat equity or participation in planning, to encompass a large agenda seeking simultaneous social, economic and physical community development. / Upgrading settlements of low income urban populations by in-situ infrastructure provision is aimed at bettering access to basic amenities and creation of sustainable living environments. However, evaluations of implemented projects indicate vast gaps between project aims and results, especially with regards to those components that are sensitive to local socioeconomic and political contexts, like community development. / Bearing this is in mind, an upgrading project in Indore, India, with a strong community development component was taken up for research. The study evaluated the effectiveness of community development in the improvement of living environments, by comparing project objectives with outcomes. Eight slums covered under the project were surveyed to determine community response to upgrading. The results indicated that inadequate attention was given to community development, despite its potential in improving living conditions in human settlements. Suggestions for improvement of future implementation and areas for further research have been identified.

By the year 2030, over half of the global population will reside in cities. The impacts of this trend are most notable among nations within the global south, which are experiencing rapid urbanization, due to forced displacement, political, economic and environmental conditions. The infrastructure deficit, caused by rapid urbanization, experienced by most nations in the global south has created slum conditions for many of their urban residents. All levels of government including international diplomatic bodies have encouraged urban renewal programs that seek to resolve the “slum issue” in the global south. These urban renewal programs have been the subject of much criticism given the methods of redevelopment. The focus on improving the physical environment of slum dwellers and the limited attention to the resulting social consequences of such programs. The Kenya Slum Upgrading Program is a case study by which the method of redevelopment included the use of a decanting site which facilitated the temporary displacement of residents of the Kibera slum, Soweto East Village to a pre-constructed high-rise estate, until the redevelopment of the Soweto East Village is complete. Using Stren and Polèse’s concept of Social sustainability as a framework, this research seeks to understand the impacts of the use of a decanting site on the targeted community. The decanting site offered a space to understand a community in transition and critically understand the impacts of this method. The research found that social sustainability was impacted both positively and negatively within the decanting site. In fact, decanting sites are an opportunity to build social sustainability for a displaced community, instead of seeking to sustain its previous manifestation in Soweto East. The research also found that the driver for this program were international benchmarks, which may have impeded the ability for all stakeholders, at all levels, to consider the impacts of social sustainability. As we move into a global post- 2015 development framework these findings must be understood as a starting point to understanding the impacts of methods used to support large scale redevelopment programs.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Melbourne, School of Anthropology,Geography and Environmental Studies, 2004. / Typescript (photocopy). Includes bibliographical references (leaves 213-233).

Thesis (Master)--İzmir Institute of Technology, İzmir, 2005 / Keywords:Uneven development, urban decline, urban deprivation, residential areas. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 98-101).

Thesis (M.A.)--Trinity Evangelical Divinity School, 1989. / Text in German. Abstract in English. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 139-145).

Thesis--University of San Carlos. / Bibliography: leaves 132-138.

Thesis (M. L. A.)--University of Hong Kong, 2009. / Includes special report study entitled: Analysis of vernacular landscape of ancient villages in anhui province. Includes bibliographical references. Also available in print.

Thesis (M.Phil.) - University of Queensland, 2006. / Includes bibliography.

O estudo de uma paisagem específica e sua interação com a cidade revela apropriações e representações de nosso tempo. O Jardim Jaqueline é analisado por meio de dados quantitativos, relativos a estatísticas, inserção urbana e políticas públicas, aliados ao processo de investigação qualitativa, que pretende entender as problemáticas relativas à paisagem por meio do cruzamento de olhares entre moradores e pesquisadora. Os dados revelados ao longo da pesquisa nos permitem traçar uma linha de investigação que foge de um conceito de paisagem ligado ao meio natural, relativo a uma representação dominante, adentrando um campo investigativo em que a paisagem é resultado de seu contexto histórico e cultural, configurando-se como forte símbolo de poder e apropriação cultural. A pesquisa sai do meio natural para voltar a ele, quando o caminho investigativo proposto nos auxilia na compreensão das possibilidades de intervenção na paisagem, com seus limites e potencialidades. / The research about a specific landscape and its interaction with the city reveals appropriations and representations of our time. The neighborhood of Jardim Jaqueline, in São Paulo, is analyzed through quantitative data concerning statistics, urban insertion and public policies, allied to a qualitative research process which aims to understand landscape issues through the intersection of perceptions between its inhabitants and the researcher. The data revealed throughout the research enable us to draw a line of investigation that escapes from a landscape concept linked to the natural environment and related to a dominant representation, and enters an investigative field where landscape is seen as the result of its historical and cultural context, thus representing a strong symbol of power and cultural appropriation. The research leaves the natural environment to return to it, when the proposed investigative process helps us to understand the possibilities of intervention in the landscape, with its limits and potentialities.

A estruturação urbana da Região Metropolitana de Belém (RMB) é estritamente relacionada à sua rede hídrica. A várzea dos rios e igarapés da região conforma um território classificado como baixada, conceituado por condicionantes físicas (cotas altimétricas suscetíveis à inundação) e socioeconômicas do sítio referentes ao perfil da população residente. Sob o contexto de desigualdades estruturais no país, observadas na concentração de renda e benefícios, incluindo o acesso à terra, as baixadas são a expressão local para favelas que se formaram como a alternativa viável para moradia da população migrante que se estabeleceu na capital entre os anos 1950 e 1970. A omissão do Estado na provisão de habitação de interesse social e de infraestrutura urbana básica, aliada a um padrão de rendimentos baixos fazem com que a RMB figure entre as metrópoles mais precárias do país. Dados censitários de 2010 a classificam como a metrópole brasileira com maior percentual de população vivendo em aglomerados subnormais (53,9%). Por outro lado, nos últimos 10 anos, houve uma inédita e vultosa provisão de investimentos para o desenvolvimento urbano da RMB, por meio do incentivo federal dado pelo Programa de Aceleração do Crescimento (PAC), em eixos voltados para a Urbanização de Assentamentos Precários e para a provisão de Saneamento Básico nas áreas de baixadas. Esta pesquisa pretende analisar, à luz da morfologia urbana e de conceitos compreensivos de soluções de drenagem, as seguintes intervenções do PAC em desenvolvimento em Belém: a Macrodrenagem e Urbanização da Bacia da Estrada Nova e a Urbanização da Comunidade Taboquinha. Busca-se identificar quais as alterações físico-urbanísticas previstas e qual padrão de soluções sanitárias e ambientais dado aos igarapés e canais das áreas em questão. Isso porque intervenções desta natureza na cidade partem, historicamente, de um padrão conservador e sanitarista que não alcança as melhorias pretendidas com projetos de urbanização de favelas. Pretende-se, portanto, contribuir na discussão sobre os modelos de intervenção desenvolvidos pelo PAC, identificando os avanços e limites que o programa apresenta para RMB. / The Metropolitan Region of Belém (RMB) urban structure is strictly related to its water bodies and hydrologic network. The rivers and streams floodplains in the region conforms a territory classified as lowlands, conceptualized by its physical (elevations susceptible to flooding) and socioeconomic constrains concerning the resident population profile. In the context of structural inequalities in the country, observed in the concentration of income and benefits, including access to land, lowlands are the slums local expression that were formed as a viable housing alternative to migrants who settled in the capital between 1950s and 1970s. The State\'s omission in providing social interest housing and basic urban infrastructure, combined with a low incomes standard means that the RMB is among the poorer cities in the country. This Brazilian city is classified by the 2010 census data as with the highest percentage of population living in subnormal settlements (53.9%). On the other hand, in the last 10 years there has been an unprecedented and massive provision of investments for RMB urban development, through federal incentive given by the Growth Acceleration Program (PAC), in axes focused on the Urbanization of Slums and for sanitation provision in the lowland areas. This research aims to examine, in the light of urban morphology and comprehensive concepts of drainage solutions, the following in progress interventions of PAC in Belém: the Macrodrainage and Urbanization of Estrada Nova Bacin and the Urbanization of Taboquinha Community. The aim is to identify the physical and urban expected changes and what standard of basic sanitation and environmental solutions is given to streams and drainage channels in question. That\'s because interventions of this nature in the city depart, historically, from a conservative and sanitary standard that does not reach the intended improvements in slums urbanization projects. It is intended, therefore, to contribute in the discussion of intervention models developed by the PAC and to identify the advances and limitations that the program provides for RMB.