As favelas possuem sua própria lógica de regulação da produção do espaço e suas regras têm origem nas práticas cotidianas da autoconstrução desses assentamentos. As categorias tradicionais do urbanismo e seus instrumentos de planejamento, contudo, encontram dificuldade de assimilar tais práticas, simplificando a visão sobre a produção das favelas a um mero problema da irregularidade e da cidade informal. A reflexão sobre as possibilidades de regulação urbanística desses territórios deve ter como base suas especificidades, a ação e a motivação dos atores envolvidos em sua promoção, assim como suas expectativas e formas de pactuação das regras comunitárias vigentes. Este trabalho busca construir uma perspectiva crítica sobre a informalidade urbana a partir da pesquisa empírica, demonstrando que o território das favelas tem sua própria lei e seu próprio modo de regrar a produção cotidiana dos espaço. A construção ideológica da cidade informal, taxativa quanto a sua condição irregular e ilegal, não permite a leitura da favela como um território repleto de formas e formalidades, as quais têm muito a dizer e contribuir para os instrumentos de planejamento e regulação da cidade. / Slums have their own regulation logic for the production of space and its rules are originated from the daily practices of self-construction. The traditional categories of urbanism and its territorial planning tools, however, find it difficult to assimilate such practices, simplifying the view on slum\'s production to an issue of land irregularity and informality. The pondering upon the possible ways for an urban regulation of those territories should be based on their specificities, on its social actors\' practices and motivations, their expectations as well as the agreement methods within the existing rules of the communities. The present dissertation seeks to shape a critical perspective on urban informality based on empirical research, demonstrating that there is law and a way to regulate the daily production of space in slums\' territories. The ideological construction of the informal city, limited to its irregular and illegal condition, does not allow the reading of slums as a territory full of forms and formalities, which have much to say and contribute to city planning and its regulation instruments.

As favelas possuem sua própria lógica de regulação da produção do espaço e suas regras têm origem nas práticas cotidianas da autoconstrução desses assentamentos. As categorias tradicionais do urbanismo e seus instrumentos de planejamento, contudo, encontram dificuldade de assimilar tais práticas, simplificando a visão sobre a produção das favelas a um mero problema da irregularidade e da cidade informal. A reflexão sobre as possibilidades de regulação urbanística desses territórios deve ter como base suas especificidades, a ação e a motivação dos atores envolvidos em sua promoção, assim como suas expectativas e formas de pactuação das regras comunitárias vigentes. Este trabalho busca construir uma perspectiva crítica sobre a informalidade urbana a partir da pesquisa empírica, demonstrando que o território das favelas tem sua própria lei e seu próprio modo de regrar a produção cotidiana dos espaço. A construção ideológica da cidade informal, taxativa quanto a sua condição irregular e ilegal, não permite a leitura da favela como um território repleto de formas e formalidades, as quais têm muito a dizer e contribuir para os instrumentos de planejamento e regulação da cidade. / Slums have their own regulation logic for the production of space and its rules are originated from the daily practices of self-construction. The traditional categories of urbanism and its territorial planning tools, however, find it difficult to assimilate such practices, simplifying the view on slum\'s production to an issue of land irregularity and informality. The pondering upon the possible ways for an urban regulation of those territories should be based on their specificities, on its social actors\' practices and motivations, their expectations as well as the agreement methods within the existing rules of the communities. The present dissertation seeks to shape a critical perspective on urban informality based on empirical research, demonstrating that there is law and a way to regulate the daily production of space in slums\' territories. The ideological construction of the informal city, limited to its irregular and illegal condition, does not allow the reading of slums as a territory full of forms and formalities, which have much to say and contribute to city planning and its regulation instruments.

The population of India is made up of an infinite variety of castes, religions and language groups which have lived side by side in an intricate division of labor for hundreds of years. Many customs and much of the social structure, historically isolated from modern technological and industrial developments, have remained essentially unchanged. Such deeply embedded ideologies and patterns of relationship and behaviour do not respond easily to change. The urban centers in India are a study in contrast between the old and the new, survival of the rural past and innovations from the West. The vast majority of the inhabitants in the cities are recent migrants from rural areas. Although the rate of urbanization is low, it nevertheless involves the movement of large numbers of people because of the high population base of the country. In 1971 the urban population was 108.8 million out of a total of 548 million. It has been estimated that if the present rate of rural-urban migration continues, millions more can be expected to be added to the already overcrowded urban areas. A result of this migration has been the continued growth of the urban slums which receive the bulk of in-migrants and provide them with the only available shelter. The migrant is ill-equipped to define his role in the largely alien urban environment; he has responses to his old culture of the village and conflicts and tensions within the new urban context. For him it is not only a physical survival but also a survival in the largely alien socio-economic and cultural environment. The government's neglect of these communities has led to their physical deterioration and social and cultural stagnation with the result that once a migrant has moved into the slum, he is forced by circumstances beyond his control to live out the rest of his urban life in it. This study examines the process and patterns of rural-urban migration. It outlines the social, cultural, economic and political effects of the urban environment on the migrants and illustrates their inability to have any control over the environment in which they must live. It describes the nature and problems of the Indian slum and points out the inadequacy of the existing government concepts and policies to ameliorate this situation and the necessity of designing the kind of environment that can cope with the high population and the scarcity of economic resources. It is the contention of this thesis that slums are an important feature of the Indian urban environment: they have provided the migrant with the only available shelter, have fostered group associations and have provided many of the essential ingredients necessary for the acculturation of the rural migrant into the urban environment. It is the purpose of this study to show that if the physical environment of the slum can be revitalized it then has the potential to serve as a cultural bridge between the urban centers and the traditional rural hinterland. In other words, urban slums are envisaged as communities which can function as ecological, sociological and cultural zones of transition between the urban environment and the rural areas. Proposals are made for revitalizing the slum environment and for creating a new organic community for the future migrants to the cities. There are seven basic conclusions of this study: the first is that rural-urban migration is not only an integral part of industrialization, urbanization and economic development but also a major means for achieving social change. The social and cultural differences between the urban centers and the rural areas can be bridged through the processes of the shuttle and reverse patterns of migration. The second conclusion is that under conditions of rapid modernization and urbanization, slums are functional and in this sense normal. The problem lies not in the existence of these settlements but in the fact that they are uncontrolled and that their forms are often distorted. The third conclusion is that existing government policies on low-income housing and slum clearance are clearly inadequate to deal with the problem. All prevailing ideas of slum clearance as a solution to the problem should be abandoned. The fourth conclusion is that any solution intended for the improvement in the standard of living of the slum dwellers must be commensurate with the limited economic resources of the country. The fifth conclusion is that any comprehensive program aimed at improving the environment of the slum must be based on the resources most readily available - the labor of the community dwellers themselves. The objective should be the encouragement and stimulation of local community participation. The sixth conclusion is that any housing program for the low income slum dwellers must benefit large numbers of people. It follows, therefore that for any slum housing program the total community living environment is the critical variable and NOT the individual housing unit. The seventh and final conclusion is that all possible housing stock in the slums must be preserved. Government policies must be directed towards expanding the total housing stock and NOT towards replacing slum housing with standard public housing. / Applied Science, Faculty of / Architecture and Landscape Architecture (SALA), School of / Graduate

An attempt has been made in this study to analyze, examine, and investigate the efforts of the city of Beaumont, Texas, through its comprehensive plan and its planning process, to alleviate or combat the blighted areas of the city and to determine to what extent the comprehensive plan document has been implemented.

Thesis (M.A.)--University of Hong Kong, 1981.

published_or_final_version / Comparative Asian Studies / Master / Master of Arts

Thesis (M.A.)--University of Hong Kong, 1981. / Also available in print.

Thesis (doctoral)--Freie Universität Berlin. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 323-340).

Thesis (M.S.)--University of Wisconsin. / Typescript (Photocopy). eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 58-60).

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