No description available.

Master of Veterinary Biomedical Science / Department of Diagnostic Medicine/Pathobiology / Michael W. Dryden / Patricia A. Payne / Giardiasis is a common intestinal protozal parasitic infection of the pet dog and cat population. Veterinarians often have difficulty correctly diagnosing this parasite. Studies were conducted to compare the zinc sulfate double centrifuge fecal flotation to the SNAP (registered trademark) Giardia fecal ELISA test manufactured by IDEXX laboratories Inc. in purpose bred beagles and shelter and commercial kennel dogs. In these evaluations the zinc sulfate double centrifuge fecal flotation and fecal ELISA test performed similarly. Both tests performed better in the shelter and commercial kennel dog population than the chronically infected purpose bred beagles. There was an increase in number of positive animals identified when 3 consecutive daily samples were evaluated as compared to any one individual day for either test method. Post treatment evaluation of the diagnostic tests was performed in 23 laboratory beagles. Each beagle was treated for 3 consecutive days with Drontal plus and then bathed on the last day of treatment and fecal samples were collected from the treated dogs every other day starting one day post treatment for 21 days. It was found that all beagles were negative on zinc sulfate double centrifugation fecal flotation, fecal ELISA and IFA within 24 hours of treatment and nineteen (82.6%) of the beagles did not re-shed cysts during the 21 day post-treatment evaluation period. Four beagles returned to shedding cysts (Flotation or IFA positive) between days 17 and 21. These findings suggest that a positive test within a week of treatment is likely the result of inappropriate treatment. After the prepatent period, positive results may occur due to a return to shedding, reinfection or inappropriate treatment. Chronically infected laboratory beagles may not be a good model for acute Giardia infections as these dogs are rarely clinically ill and detection is more difficult.

No description available.

Food security is necessary for an active, healthy life, yet 14.0% of the nation’s households reported insecurity in 2014. Certain segments of the population which contain high proportions of noncitizens have greater than average rates of food insecurity. The rules of eligibility for the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) render some noncitizens ineligible possibly contributing to these high rates. Data in the Food Security Supplement of the December 2014 Current Population Survey show the rates of food insecurity differ among households of different citizenship status. When compared to households composed entirely of U.S. born citizens, households composed entirely of noncitizens and households including at least one citizen born in U.S. territories are more food insecure. Households composed entirely of naturalized citizens are less food insecure than the U.S. born. Length of residence of the foreign born was not found to be significant.

The problem of this study was to determine the effect mental practice, physical practice, and a combination of physical and mental practice had upon the accuracy of the football center snap for field goals and extra points after a touchdown.

Thèse numérisée par la Direction des bibliothèques de l'Université de Montréal.

OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study is to examine the association between food insecurity and untreated dental caries among U.S. children and adults and to investigate the effect of participating in the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) on dental caries among U.S. adults. METHODS: Our sample was derived from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) cycles 2011-2012 and 2013-2014. Food security was measured as overall food security status (full food secure/ food insecure) and household-level food security (full, marginal, low, and very low). SNAP participation in the past 12 months was self-reported (yes/ no). The main outcome variable was untreated dental caries (none vs. one or more). Descriptive, Bivariate and multiple logistic regression analyses were conducted to evaluate the relationship among food insecurity, SNAP participation, and untreated caries. RESULTS: Our results suggest that food insecure children were more likely to have untreated caries compared to full food secure counterparts, after controlling for potential confounders (OR: 1.38; 95% CI: 1.11-1.72). On household-level food security, children from marginal and very low food secure households had significantly higher odds of untreated caries compared to children from fully food secure households (OR: 1.48; 95% CI: 1.10-2.01 and OR: 1.59; 95% CI: 1.12-2.26 respectively). Moreover, our findings suggest significant association between overall food security status and dental caries among U.S. adults (OR: 1.35, 95% CI: 1.05-1.74). We also observed a significant association between the severity of household food insecurity and untreated caries among adults after adjusting for confounders (P=0.04). SNAP participants were more likely to have untreated caries compared to non-SNAP participants (OR: 1.5; 95% CI: 1.19-1.87). The interaction of food insecurity and SNAP participation was not significant. However, SNAP participants from all levels of food security had higher prevalence ratio of dental caries compared to non-SNAP participants, regardless of food security status. CONCLUSION: Food insecurity was negatively associated with dental caries among U.S. children and adults. In addition, SNAP participation had adverse association with dental caries among U.S. adults. Further research is needed to more comprehensively understand the impact of food insecurity and food assistance programs on oral health. / 2021-06-16T00:00:00Z

Submitted by Cristiane Chim (cristiane.chim@ucpel.edu.br) on 2016-11-11T11:14:08Z No. of bitstreams: 1 MARCO SALEH RIBEIRO.pdf: 1233321 bytes, checksum: aebd2e7f49d852825cab51345cf5eebc (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-11-11T11:14:08Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 MARCO SALEH RIBEIRO.pdf: 1233321 bytes, checksum: aebd2e7f49d852825cab51345cf5eebc (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-08-31 / Bipolar disorder is a psychiatric illness associated with alternate states of depression and mania/hypomania episodes. Glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK-3β) and synaptosomal-associated protein 25 (SNAP-25) are associated respectively, with the modulation of gene expression and neural plasticity in the pathogenesis of mood disorders. Curcumin, active compound extracted from Curcuma longa, has been described as a neuroprotective agent in neurodegenerative disorders, although their mechanisms of action are not completely elucidated. In this study we investigate the impact of ketamine-induced model of mania on GSK-3β and SNAP-25 immunocontent, and assess in this model the neuroprotective effect of Curcumin pretreatment. Rats received peanut oil (vehicle), curcumin 20 or 50 mg/kg (p.o.), once a day for 14 days. From the 8th to the 14th day the animals also received saline or ketamine (25 mg/kg i.p.), once a day. On the 15th day of treatment, the animals received a single injection of ketamine or saline and the locomotor activity was assessed in the open-field apparatus after 30 min. Immunodetection of the proteins pGSK-3β and SNAP-25 were evaluated by Western Blotting in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) and the hippocampus (HP). The administration of Curcumin in doses of 20 and 50 mg/kg prevented the hyperlocomotion induced by ketamine in the open-field test. In addition, both doses of Curcumin prevented the decrease in density of pGSK-3β and SNAP-25 ketamine-induced in PFC and HP. In conclusion, our results show that Curcumin prevents hyperlocomotion and presents a neuroprotective effect by restoring SNAP-25 density probably via modulation of GSK-3β. / O transtorno bipolar é uma doença psiquiátrica associada a estados alternados de episódios de depressão e mania / hipomania. O glicogênio sintase quinase 3β (GSK-3β) e proteína associada a sinaptossomas de 25 (SNAP-25) estão associados, respectivamente, com a modulação da expressão gênica e a plasticidade neural na patogênese de perturbações do humor. A curcumina, composto ativo extraído de Curcuma longa, tem sido descrito como um agente neuroprotetor em desordens neurodegenerativas, embora o seu mecanismo de ação não está completamente elucidado. Neste estudo foi investigado o impacto do modelo induzida por cetamina de mania em GSK-3β e SNAP-25, e avaliado neste modelo, o efeito neuroprotetor da curcumina pré-tratamento. Os ratos receberam óleo de amendoim (veículo), curcumina 20 ou 50 mg / kg (p.o.), uma vez por dia durante 14 dias. A partir do dia 8 ao dia 14 os animais também receberam solução salina ou cetamina (25 mg / kg i.p.), uma vez por dia. No 15º dia de tratamento, os animais receberam uma única injeção de cetamina ou uma solução salina e a atividade locomotora foi avaliada no aparelho campo aberto após 30 min. Imunodetecção das proteínas pGSK-3p e SNAP-25 foram avaliadas por Western Blotting no córtex pré-frontal (PFC) eo hipocampo (HP). A administração da curcumina, em doses de 20 e 50 mg / kg preveniu o hiperlocomoção induzida por cetamina no teste de campo aberto. Além disso, ambas as doses de curcumina evitou a diminuição da densidade de pGSK-3β e SNAP-25 em PFC e HP induzida por cetamina. Em conclusão, os nossos resultados mostram que a curcumina impede hiperlocomoção e apresenta um efeito neuroprotector, restaurando SNAP-25, provavelmente, através da modulação da densidade de GSK-3β.

Farmers’ markets are increasingly promoted as mechanisms for improving access to healthful foods for low-income households, as they are relatively inexpensive to establish and they can provide affordable food for low-income households by offering Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program Electronic Benefit Transfer (SNAP/EBT). SNAP/EBT at markets also expands revenue opportunities for participating farmers. Market mangers provide a critical role in overseeing SNAP/EBT at markets and influencing business opportunities for farmers. Using a mixed-method approach, this study aimed to evaluate how managers’ motivations influence SNAP/EBT availability and participation at markets and business opportunities for small- and moderate- sized farms. To develop a survey measuring managers’ attitudes and behaviors and farmers’ market outcomes, focus groups were conducted with farmers’ market managers (n=8) in Western North Carolina, East Tennessee, and Southwest Virginia, and interviews were conducted with farmers in the same region (n=8). Eight themes were identified in the manager focus groups, and 5 were identified in the farmer interviews. Qualitative data yielded insight on how managers influence market outcomes. A survey incorporating qualitative findings was distributed to 271 NC farmers’ market managers in May 2014. Multiple regression models were used to examine the influence of mangers’ motivations to improve access to healthful food and support business opportunities on SNAP/EBT availability and participation and indicators of market vitality. Sixty managers completed the survey. There was no significant association between food access motivation and SNAP/EBT participation. A significant, positive association was found between business motivation and customer count, total vendor count, and average weekly vendor count. More research is needed to understand how managers’ motivations interplay with environmental and organizational characteristics to influence food access for low-income households and business opportunities for farmers. Findings from this study offer a starting point for developing interventions that maximize managers’ impact on these outcomes.

Segregation patterns of several pod shapes of Phaseolus vulgaris L. cv Tendercrop, were studied. The causes of build-up of off-type pods in a seed stock were examined as were possible means of reversing the buildup. Natural selection factors such as germination, vigor, earliness , and ease of threshing, favored the off-types. Careful, selective milling was found to be an aid to roguing in keeping stock seed as free as possible of the off-type pods.