No description available.

Thesis (M.S.P.H.)--University of Michigan, 1942.

Thesis (M.S.P.H.)--University of Michigan, 1942.

No description available.

Thesis (Master)--İzmir Institute of Technology, İzmir, 2005. / Keywords: Electrical conductivity, langmuir blodgett technique, metal soaps, nanofilms, moisture adsorption. Includes bibliographical references (leaves. 127-132).

The structure and conformation of lithium phenyl stearate (and to a lesser extent, for comparative purposes, cadmium stearate) was investigated using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and various modelling techniques. The infrared results for LiPS show that the aliphatic portion of the soap molecule is much more ordered at room temperature than had been expected, having only 0.62 and 0.60 gtg and gg defects per molecule respectively, where an isotropic chain would have 1.35 and 1.21 gtg and gg defects per chain respectively. As the temperature is increased the number of conformational defects increases continuously, until at < 130°C the chain reaches an isotropic degree of disorder. At this point the phase transition begins, so the chain reaches liquid like disorder before the phase transition begins. Modelling of the phenyl stearic acid showed that the phenyl group was restricted to certain angle of rotation values, and that the bonds close to the phenyl group were prevented from attaining true rotational isomeric state conformations, gtg defects near the phenyl group were distorted only slightly from their usual angular position, and an additional band in the infrared spectrum of LiPS at 1363 cm-1 has been assigned to this distorted gtg/gtg' defect. The gg defects near the phenyl group have a much greater distortion (and energy) resulting in a much reduced probability of occurrence. The number of gg defects present at the phase transition (< 130°C) was only 75% of that expected for an isotropic n-alkane of equivalent chain length, indicating that the four bonds nearest to the phenyl group have a reduced probability of forming a gg defect. The modelling of the ionic core of LiPS gives a reasonable estimate of between 5.6 to 7.1 A for the core radius. When this is used to calculate the hexagonal cylinder diameter, at room temperature, along with the average chain extension, it gives a value for the cylinder diameter of between 33.9 to 36.8A. The hexagonal lattice parameter determined by X-ray diffraction has a value 35.9A. Also after the LiPS sample has gone through the phase transition beginning at >130&deg;C, the hexagonal lattice parameter is 31.4A while the cylinder diameter lies between 30.2 and 33.2A.Crystalline cadmium stearate was found to contain two crystal forms, orthorhombic which has lattice dimensions of a0=5.05A, b0=7.35A and c0=48.6A and the other eithermonoclinic or triclinic. In the reverse hexagonal phase, the cadmium stearate molecule behaves like an isotropic n-alkane of equivalent chain length. The model used to predict the core radius of divalent metal soaps gives rise to some inconsistencies: the cylinder diameter thus determined gives a result between 28.8A to 31.7A, while the lattice parameter determined by X-ray diffraction gives a value of 36.9A. The assumption that the n-carboxylate ions in a divalent metal soap behave like two independent monovalent metal ion soaps appears to be incorrect.

En los últimos años se ha llegado a presentar un notable aumento en el número de mujeres que optan por un cuidado constante de su piel, buscando que esta llegue a estar siempre limpia, hidratada y saludable. Sin embargo, esto les llega a resultar difícil, debido a que actualmente existen diferentes factores presentes en la vida diaria, que deterioran constantemente el aspecto de la piel. Un ejemplo de ello es la continua exposición a los químicos presentes en los jabones genéricos, los cuales están siempre presentes en lugares públicos, como centros comerciales, restaurantes, e inclusive áreas de trabajo, debido a su bajo costo en el mercado. Otros factores que se debe considerar, son la contaminación ambiental, y el efecto negativo de la radiación solar. Para contrarrestar esta problemática, hemos desarrollado los Jabones Eco-Amigables Prácticos “Makalu”, hechos a mano a base de diferentes aceites escenciales que otorgan minerales y vitaminas para el óptimo cuidado de la piel. La presentación es en forma de pétalos pequeños que funcionan para un solo uso con el fin de dar practicidad, por ello podrán ser transportados a cualquier lugar y ser utilizados en la higiene personal, sin desperdicios ni químicos. Es importante elaborar un jabón adecuado para cada tipo de piel, por ello, elaboramos jabones hidratantes y nutritivos para piel seca, mixta o grasa y para piel sensible para cubrir las diferentes necesidades de nuestros segmentos. El primero son las mujeres entre 18 y 39 años del NSE A y B que optan por cuidar su piel a base de productos naturales, y el segundo son las tiendas naturistas y boticas que tienen nuestro perfil de clientes. Asimismo, el producto se ha fijado un precio entre 12 a 15 soles segun el tipo de producto de acuerdo a las preferencias del cliente. / In recent years, we have come to present a notable increase in the number of women who opt for continuous and constant care of their skin, looking for us to always be clean, hydrated and healthy. However, this is difficult for them, because there are currently different factors present in daily life, which constantly deteriorates the appearance of the skin. An example of this is the continuous exposure to the chemicals present in generic soaps, which are always present in public places, such as shopping centers, restaurants, and even work areas, due to their low cost in the market. Other factors that should be considered are environmental pollution, and the negative effect of solar radiation. To counteract this problem, we have developed the ¨Makalu¨ practical Eco – Friendly Soaps, handmade based on different essential oils that provide minerals and vitamins for optimal skin care. The presentation is in the form of small petals that work for a single use in order to give practicality, so they can be transported anywhere and be used in personal hygiene, without waste or chemicals. It is important to prepare a suitable soap for each type of skin, therefore, we prepare moisturizing and nourishing soaps for dry, mixed or oily skin and for sensitive skin to cover the different needs of our segments. The first is women between 18 and 39 years of age NSE A and B who choose to take care of their skin based on natural products, and the second are the health food and botanical stores that have our customer profile. Also, the product has set a price between 12 to 15 soles based on the type of product according to customer preferences. / Trabajo de investigación

No description available.

Actualmente, el mercado de cuido personal en el Perú, específicamente el mercado de jabones en barra, está valorizado en alrededor de 450 millones de soles, según Euromonitor. Sin embargo, cabe resaltar que carece de una variedad de productos dirigidos al mercado masculino y le permitan al hombre poder escoger la manera de cuidar su piel, así como lo hacen las mujeres. La manera en que el hombre de hoy en día le da importancia al cuidado personal no es el mismo que hace algunas décadas atrás. Hoy se relaciona la imagen personal con factores ligados al éxito, esto provoca que el hombre busque productos que le generen beneficios percibiese por su entorno. Dado este contexto, es preciso señalar que el objetivo de este estudio es brindar al mercado jabones artesanales con fragancias masculinas que cubran esta necesidad y que además resalten la virilidad buscada por los clientes finales. El hombre limeño de 25 a 39 años con estilo de vida ya sea sofisticado, progresistas o formalistas se encuentra en una constante búsqueda de los de productos que lo ayuden a resaltar y destacar su masculinidad, sumado a la salud de la piel y la tendencia del mercado por los productos naturales. La presente propuesta de negocio gira entorno a la comercialización de jabones con base natural de glicerina con aromas masculinas mediante la incursión en barberías y las ventas digitales por medio de redes sociales. Se estima que el tamaño de mercado para Bear Care es de 180,324 habitantes, lo que representa un tamaño de mercado de 35’704,247 soles. Finalmente, se pudo determinar que en el primer año de operación se tendrá una venta de 175 085 soles. Se tendrá valor financiero de 67 930 soles y un valor económico de 32 320. En los próximos cinco años, Bear Care será una marca especializada en el cuidado personal del hombre con productos de origen artesanal. / Nowadays, health care market in Peru, specifically the bar soaps market, is valued around 450 million soles, according to Euromonitor. However, it should be mentioned that there is a lack products in terms of variety aimed at the male market and stop men on taking care of themselves as women do with their skin. The way in which the man of today gives importance to health care is not the same as a few decades ago. Today, personal image is related to factors linked to success, that is why man look for products that generate benefits perceived by their social circle, by that they can reach an status. Given this context, it should be noted that the objective of this study is to provide the market with handmade soaps with masculine fragrances that cover this gap on the market and that also highlight the virility sought by the users. The man from Lima from 25 to 39 years old with a sophisticated, progressive or formalist lifestyle is in constant seek of products that help to highlight his masculinity, added to the health of the skin and the tendency of the market for natural products. The present business proposal revolves around the commercialization of soaps with natural glycerin base with masculine fragrances through the incursion in barbershops and e-commerce through social media. It is estimated that the market size for Bear Care is 180,324 inhabitants, which represents a market size of 35,704,247 soles. Finally, it was determined that in the first year of operation the company will reach sales of 175 085 soles. It will have a financial value of 67 930 soles and an economic value of 32 320. Over the next five years, Bear Care will be a brand specialized in the personal care of men with products of traditional origin. / Trabajo de investigación

El presente trabajo de investigación es un estudio de prefactibilidad para la constitución de una empresa productora de jabones artesanales. Este trabajo consta de dos partes importantes. En primer lugar, se presenta la validación del modelo de negocio, donde se analizó el problema que existe y nuestra propuesta de solución con el uso de jabones artesanales. Además, se estimó el tamaño de mercado de los productos y se elaboraron diferentes Productos Mínimos Viables (MVP) que validaron el producto y su forma de presentación al consumidor final, así como también se pudo recabar la información necesario para comenzar las ventas presenciales y realizar una proyección de ventas. En segundo lugar, se desarrolló el plan de negocios donde se hizo la declaración de la visión y misión de la empresa, así como sus objetivos y estrategias a corto y largo plazo. Asimismo, se evaluó el plan de operaciones, el de recursos humanos, de marketing y de responsabilidad social empresarial junto con el detalle de sus respectivos presupuestos. Gracias a la definición de estas estimaciones se logró elaborar el plan financiero del proyecto de acuerdo con los ingresos y egresos que se realizarían durante los años de operación. Todo ello se evaluó de indicadores financieros como el COK, WACC y TIR, los cuales validaron la viabilidad del proyecto. / This reasarch work is a prefeasibility study for the constitution of a handmade soaps. This work consists of two important parts. In the first place, we presented the validation of the business model, where the existing problem is analyzed and our solution proposal with the use of handmade soaps is presented. Furthermore, the market size of the products was estimated and many different Minimum Viable Products (MVP) were developed in order to validate the product and its presentation to the consumer. Additionally, we collected the information needed to begin face-to-face sales and perform A sales projection. Secondly, the business plan was developed in which the company's vision and mission statement was made, as well as its short and long-term objectives and strategies. Likewise, the operations plan, the human resources, marketing and corporate social responsibility plan were evaluated along with the details of their respective budgets. Thanks to the definition of these estimates, the project's financial plan was prepared according to the income and expenses that would be made during the years of operation. The entire financial structure was evaluated with indicators such as COK, WACC and TIR, which validated the viability of the project. / Trabajo de investigación