Les produits cosmétiques sont des substances utilisées pour entretenir ou modifier l'aspect des parties superficielles du corps humain (telles que la peau, les ongles ou les cheveux). Dans de nombreux pays d’Afrique et d’Asie et dans certaines communautés africaines immigrantes, plusieurs femmes et parfois des hommes utilisent des produits contenant des agents actifs tels que le mercure, l’hydroquinone et le propionate de clobétasol pour éclaircir leur peau. Ces principaux agents sont toxiques et leur présence dans les cosmétiques est règlementée, voire interdite, dans plusieurs pays. Dans notre étude, nous avons déterminé les concentrations de ces ingrédients dans plusieurs produits utilisés en Afrique de l’Ouest et au Canada. Nous avons également exploré l’effet de ces produits sur le microbiome cutané. Nos résultats révèlent que 68 à 84% des crèmes et 7.5 à 65% des savons dépassent les normes lorsqu’on considère l’interdiction de mercure, d’hydroquinone et de propionate de clobétasol et les concentrations déclarées sur les étiquettes ne sont pas souvent fiables. Selon la diversité de Shannon, il semble y avoir plus d’équitabilité, et donc moins de dominance dans le groupe des femmes utilisant les crèmes éclaircissantes que dans le groupe des femmes qui ne les utilisent pas. Par ailleurs, nous n’avons pas trouvé de différences significatives au niveau du microbiome cutané du groupe avec crèmes et sans crèmes au niveau du phylum et du genre. Cependant, d’autres méthodes plus approfondies avec plus d’échantillonnage pourraient révéler à des échelles plus fines (espèces, souches, etc.) l’effet de ces produits sur le microbiome cutané. / Cosmetics are substances used to maintain or change the appearance of external parts of the human body (such as skin, nails or hair). In many countries of Africa and Asia and in some immigrant African communities, many women and sometimes men use products containing active agents such as mercury, hydroquinone and clobetasol propionate to lighten their skin. These main active agents are toxic and their presence in cosmetics is regulated or even banned in several countries. In our study, we determined the concentrations of these ingredients in many products used in West Africa and Canada. In addition, we also explored the effect of these products on the skin microbiome. Our results reveal that 68 to 84% of cream and 7.5 to 65% of soaps exceed the standards when considering mercury, hydroquinone and clobetasol propionate ban in lightening products and concentrations of the three compounds declared on labels of soaps and creams usually did not correspond to concentrations actually measured. According to Shannon diversity index, there seems to be more evenness, less dominance in group of African women with creams than in those without cream. Moreover, we have not found significant differences in the skin microbiome of the group with creams and the one without creams at the phylum and genus level. However, additional detailed studies with more sampling methods could reveal at finer scales (species, strains, etc.) the effect of these products on the human skin microbiome.

Abstract not available

This study investigates how youth in Uganda experience televised HIV and AIDS educational programmes. Television is the medium that can be used to address the resurgence of HIV and AIDS in Uganda. The factors responsible for the resurgence include prevention fatigue and the saturation of HIV and AIDS messages in the media. The audio-visual component of television makes it possible to convey HIV and AIDS messages innovatively through education-entertainment. Despite its potential, television has not played a leading role in conveying HIV-related knowledge, skills, and attitudes to urban youths. The study required looking at the televised HIV and AIDS educational programmes from the perspective of young people. In line with the interpretivist and social constructivist framework, the primary source of information about the programmes is the experiences of young people who are the target audience. A qualitative research approach was used in the study and an instrumental case design in particular was employed in data collection. Data were collected through focus group discussions, personal interviews, document analyses and participant observations. Findings have revealed that young people can learn about HIV and AIDS from both educational programmes and television soaps. While they undergo sexual socialisation through television soaps, they have the capacity to distinguish between fiction, fantasy and reality. However, they dislike the didactic and authoritarian approaches that are used in the educational programmes. An important finding is that communication gaps characterise televised HIV and AIDS educational programmes. Some of the prevention messages and the values propagated by television HIV and AIDS education are detached from the experiences and world views of the youths. This could be attributed to insufficient knowledge on the part of HIV and AIDS educators regarding the way in which youth experience televised HIV and AIDS programmes. / Thesis (PhD)--University of Pretoria, 2010. / Early Childhood Education / unrestricted

O objetivo do experimento foi avaliar o efeito da suplementação de touros adultos com sabões cálcicos de ácidos graxos poli-insaturados (PUFA) sobre as características qualitativas do sêmen pré e pós-descogelação. Foram utilizados vinte touros com idades entre 4 e 10 anos, das raças Angus, Braford, Brangus e Hereford distribuídos aleatoriamente em dois grupos com dez touros cada um. Os tratamentos avaliados foram: sabões cálcicos ou suplementação energética. Os touros foram mantidos em piquetes individuais e alimentados durante 77 dias com dietas isoenergéticas elaboradas com: forragem verde, concentrado comercial, sal mineral e sabões cálcicos ou suplemento energético. Os touros recebendo o tratamento com sabões cálcicos (SF) receberam 200 g/dia de Megalac-E® e os do tratamento com suplemento energético (SE) receberam 750 g/dia de raspa de mandioca (Manihot esculenta, Crantz). A coleta do sêmen foi realizada a cada 15 dias utilizando vagina artificial e as amostras de sêmen avaliadas quanto ao volume, concentração, motilidade, morfologia, avaliação da integridade do acrossoma e diferenciação de espermatozóides vivos de mortos por meio de coloração tripa azul/giemsa, avaliação da integridade da membrana da cauda por meio de teste hipoosmóstico (HO) e longevidade dos espermatozóides por meio de teste de termorresistência (TTR). Também foram coletadas amostras de sangue para avaliação das concentrações de testosterona. O tipo de suplemento energético não afetou o volume e a concentração de espermatozóides, nem a concentração de testosterona no sangue. O sêmen de touros suplementados com sabões cálcicos de PUFA apresentou valores superiores quanto à motilidade espermática (83.3% vs. 75.3%), percentagem de espermatozóides vivos (94,8% vs. 91,8%) e número de espermatozóides com acrossoma íntegro (98,0% vs. 96,6%). Interações significativas foram encontradas entre tratamento e coleta para percentagens de espermatozóides normais (p = 0.0344) e percentagens de espermatozóides positivos ao HO (p = 0.0168). Não foi encontrada diferença significativa entre os grupos para percentagens de motilidade dos espermatozóides pós-congelação, nem motilidade após o teste de termorresistência (TTR) aos 30 minutos e aos 60 minutos. Os resultados do HO do grupo recebendo suplemento funcional não foi diferente do grupo com suplemento energético. Durante o período de suplementação o grupo com suplemento funcional teve percentagens maiores de espermatozóides vivos (51,5% vs. 42,2%) e com acrossoma íntegro (48,0% vs. 39,2%) quando comparado com o grupo que recebeu suplemento energético. A suplementação com sabões cálcicos de PUFA em touros pode influenciar positivamente nas características qualitativas do ejaculado conferindo maior resistência aos espermatozóides submetidos a processos de criopreservação. / The aim of this experiment was evaluate of the effect of the supplementation of adult bulls with calcium soaps of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) on the qualitative characteristics of the semen subjected to cryopreservation and thawing. Twenty adult bulls Angus, Hereford, Brangus and Braford were randomly assigned into two groups; they were subjected to two types of treatment: (SF) calcium soap; (SE) and energy source. The bulls were kept in individual pens and, during 77 days, they were fed on isoenergetic diets prepared with green grass, commercial concentrate, mineral salt, and calcium soaps of PUFA or energy supplement. The treatment supplemented with calcium soaps of PUFA received 200 g/d of Megalac-E®; and the treatment supplemented with other energy source received 750 g/d from cassava meal (Manihot esculenta, Crantz). During the period of the experiment, five collections of semen were performed with artificial vagina; the semen samples were evaluated considering the following variables: seminal volume, sperm concentration, sperm motility, morphology, evaluation of acrosome intact and differentiation of live and dead spermatozoa by staining tripan blue/giemsa, evaluation of the integrity membrane sperm through hypoosmotic swelling test (HO) and evaluation of longevity of sperm using the heat resistance tests (TTR). Two blood samplings were performed for assessing the concentration of blood testosterone. The results regarding the volume, sperm concentration and blood testosterone concentrations did not differ significantly between treatments during the experimental period. The group supplemented with calcium soaps of PUFA presented improvements in the percentages of sperm motility (83.3% vs. 75.3%). The percentages of live sperm (94,8% vs. 91,8%) and those with intact acrosome (98,0% vs. 96,6%) were higher compared with the group that received energy supplement. No significant differences were found between treatments in the percentages of the post-freezing motility and the motility of sperm subjected to TTR after 30 minutes and after 60 minutes showed no significant differences between treatments. The results of HO were not different between the groups with functional and energy supplement. During the supplementation period, the group with functional supplement presented higher percentages of live sperm (51,5% vs. 42,2%) and sperms with intact acrosome (48,0% vs. 39,2%) when compared with the group that received energy supplement. Supplementation with calcium soaps of PUFA can provide better features and higher resistance to sperm when submitted to the process of cryopreservation and thawing.

O objetivo do experimento foi avaliar o efeito da suplementação de touros adultos com sabões cálcicos de ácidos graxos poli-insaturados (PUFA) sobre as características qualitativas do sêmen pré e pós-descogelação. Foram utilizados vinte touros com idades entre 4 e 10 anos, das raças Angus, Braford, Brangus e Hereford distribuídos aleatoriamente em dois grupos com dez touros cada um. Os tratamentos avaliados foram: sabões cálcicos ou suplementação energética. Os touros foram mantidos em piquetes individuais e alimentados durante 77 dias com dietas isoenergéticas elaboradas com: forragem verde, concentrado comercial, sal mineral e sabões cálcicos ou suplemento energético. Os touros recebendo o tratamento com sabões cálcicos (SF) receberam 200 g/dia de Megalac-E® e os do tratamento com suplemento energético (SE) receberam 750 g/dia de raspa de mandioca (Manihot esculenta, Crantz). A coleta do sêmen foi realizada a cada 15 dias utilizando vagina artificial e as amostras de sêmen avaliadas quanto ao volume, concentração, motilidade, morfologia, avaliação da integridade do acrossoma e diferenciação de espermatozóides vivos de mortos por meio de coloração tripa azul/giemsa, avaliação da integridade da membrana da cauda por meio de teste hipoosmóstico (HO) e longevidade dos espermatozóides por meio de teste de termorresistência (TTR). Também foram coletadas amostras de sangue para avaliação das concentrações de testosterona. O tipo de suplemento energético não afetou o volume e a concentração de espermatozóides, nem a concentração de testosterona no sangue. O sêmen de touros suplementados com sabões cálcicos de PUFA apresentou valores superiores quanto à motilidade espermática (83.3% vs. 75.3%), percentagem de espermatozóides vivos (94,8% vs. 91,8%) e número de espermatozóides com acrossoma íntegro (98,0% vs. 96,6%). Interações significativas foram encontradas entre tratamento e coleta para percentagens de espermatozóides normais (p = 0.0344) e percentagens de espermatozóides positivos ao HO (p = 0.0168). Não foi encontrada diferença significativa entre os grupos para percentagens de motilidade dos espermatozóides pós-congelação, nem motilidade após o teste de termorresistência (TTR) aos 30 minutos e aos 60 minutos. Os resultados do HO do grupo recebendo suplemento funcional não foi diferente do grupo com suplemento energético. Durante o período de suplementação o grupo com suplemento funcional teve percentagens maiores de espermatozóides vivos (51,5% vs. 42,2%) e com acrossoma íntegro (48,0% vs. 39,2%) quando comparado com o grupo que recebeu suplemento energético. A suplementação com sabões cálcicos de PUFA em touros pode influenciar positivamente nas características qualitativas do ejaculado conferindo maior resistência aos espermatozóides submetidos a processos de criopreservação. / The aim of this experiment was evaluate of the effect of the supplementation of adult bulls with calcium soaps of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) on the qualitative characteristics of the semen subjected to cryopreservation and thawing. Twenty adult bulls Angus, Hereford, Brangus and Braford were randomly assigned into two groups; they were subjected to two types of treatment: (SF) calcium soap; (SE) and energy source. The bulls were kept in individual pens and, during 77 days, they were fed on isoenergetic diets prepared with green grass, commercial concentrate, mineral salt, and calcium soaps of PUFA or energy supplement. The treatment supplemented with calcium soaps of PUFA received 200 g/d of Megalac-E®; and the treatment supplemented with other energy source received 750 g/d from cassava meal (Manihot esculenta, Crantz). During the period of the experiment, five collections of semen were performed with artificial vagina; the semen samples were evaluated considering the following variables: seminal volume, sperm concentration, sperm motility, morphology, evaluation of acrosome intact and differentiation of live and dead spermatozoa by staining tripan blue/giemsa, evaluation of the integrity membrane sperm through hypoosmotic swelling test (HO) and evaluation of longevity of sperm using the heat resistance tests (TTR). Two blood samplings were performed for assessing the concentration of blood testosterone. The results regarding the volume, sperm concentration and blood testosterone concentrations did not differ significantly between treatments during the experimental period. The group supplemented with calcium soaps of PUFA presented improvements in the percentages of sperm motility (83.3% vs. 75.3%). The percentages of live sperm (94,8% vs. 91,8%) and those with intact acrosome (98,0% vs. 96,6%) were higher compared with the group that received energy supplement. No significant differences were found between treatments in the percentages of the post-freezing motility and the motility of sperm subjected to TTR after 30 minutes and after 60 minutes showed no significant differences between treatments. The results of HO were not different between the groups with functional and energy supplement. During the supplementation period, the group with functional supplement presented higher percentages of live sperm (51,5% vs. 42,2%) and sperms with intact acrosome (48,0% vs. 39,2%) when compared with the group that received energy supplement. Supplementation with calcium soaps of PUFA can provide better features and higher resistance to sperm when submitted to the process of cryopreservation and thawing.

O objetivo do experimento foi avaliar o efeito da suplementação de touros adultos com sabões cálcicos de ácidos graxos poli-insaturados (PUFA) sobre as características qualitativas do sêmen pré e pós-descogelação. Foram utilizados vinte touros com idades entre 4 e 10 anos, das raças Angus, Braford, Brangus e Hereford distribuídos aleatoriamente em dois grupos com dez touros cada um. Os tratamentos avaliados foram: sabões cálcicos ou suplementação energética. Os touros foram mantidos em piquetes individuais e alimentados durante 77 dias com dietas isoenergéticas elaboradas com: forragem verde, concentrado comercial, sal mineral e sabões cálcicos ou suplemento energético. Os touros recebendo o tratamento com sabões cálcicos (SF) receberam 200 g/dia de Megalac-E® e os do tratamento com suplemento energético (SE) receberam 750 g/dia de raspa de mandioca (Manihot esculenta, Crantz). A coleta do sêmen foi realizada a cada 15 dias utilizando vagina artificial e as amostras de sêmen avaliadas quanto ao volume, concentração, motilidade, morfologia, avaliação da integridade do acrossoma e diferenciação de espermatozóides vivos de mortos por meio de coloração tripa azul/giemsa, avaliação da integridade da membrana da cauda por meio de teste hipoosmóstico (HO) e longevidade dos espermatozóides por meio de teste de termorresistência (TTR). Também foram coletadas amostras de sangue para avaliação das concentrações de testosterona. O tipo de suplemento energético não afetou o volume e a concentração de espermatozóides, nem a concentração de testosterona no sangue. O sêmen de touros suplementados com sabões cálcicos de PUFA apresentou valores superiores quanto à motilidade espermática (83.3% vs. 75.3%), percentagem de espermatozóides vivos (94,8% vs. 91,8%) e número de espermatozóides com acrossoma íntegro (98,0% vs. 96,6%). Interações significativas foram encontradas entre tratamento e coleta para percentagens de espermatozóides normais (p = 0.0344) e percentagens de espermatozóides positivos ao HO (p = 0.0168). Não foi encontrada diferença significativa entre os grupos para percentagens de motilidade dos espermatozóides pós-congelação, nem motilidade após o teste de termorresistência (TTR) aos 30 minutos e aos 60 minutos. Os resultados do HO do grupo recebendo suplemento funcional não foi diferente do grupo com suplemento energético. Durante o período de suplementação o grupo com suplemento funcional teve percentagens maiores de espermatozóides vivos (51,5% vs. 42,2%) e com acrossoma íntegro (48,0% vs. 39,2%) quando comparado com o grupo que recebeu suplemento energético. A suplementação com sabões cálcicos de PUFA em touros pode influenciar positivamente nas características qualitativas do ejaculado conferindo maior resistência aos espermatozóides submetidos a processos de criopreservação. / The aim of this experiment was evaluate of the effect of the supplementation of adult bulls with calcium soaps of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) on the qualitative characteristics of the semen subjected to cryopreservation and thawing. Twenty adult bulls Angus, Hereford, Brangus and Braford were randomly assigned into two groups; they were subjected to two types of treatment: (SF) calcium soap; (SE) and energy source. The bulls were kept in individual pens and, during 77 days, they were fed on isoenergetic diets prepared with green grass, commercial concentrate, mineral salt, and calcium soaps of PUFA or energy supplement. The treatment supplemented with calcium soaps of PUFA received 200 g/d of Megalac-E®; and the treatment supplemented with other energy source received 750 g/d from cassava meal (Manihot esculenta, Crantz). During the period of the experiment, five collections of semen were performed with artificial vagina; the semen samples were evaluated considering the following variables: seminal volume, sperm concentration, sperm motility, morphology, evaluation of acrosome intact and differentiation of live and dead spermatozoa by staining tripan blue/giemsa, evaluation of the integrity membrane sperm through hypoosmotic swelling test (HO) and evaluation of longevity of sperm using the heat resistance tests (TTR). Two blood samplings were performed for assessing the concentration of blood testosterone. The results regarding the volume, sperm concentration and blood testosterone concentrations did not differ significantly between treatments during the experimental period. The group supplemented with calcium soaps of PUFA presented improvements in the percentages of sperm motility (83.3% vs. 75.3%). The percentages of live sperm (94,8% vs. 91,8%) and those with intact acrosome (98,0% vs. 96,6%) were higher compared with the group that received energy supplement. No significant differences were found between treatments in the percentages of the post-freezing motility and the motility of sperm subjected to TTR after 30 minutes and after 60 minutes showed no significant differences between treatments. The results of HO were not different between the groups with functional and energy supplement. During the supplementation period, the group with functional supplement presented higher percentages of live sperm (51,5% vs. 42,2%) and sperms with intact acrosome (48,0% vs. 39,2%) when compared with the group that received energy supplement. Supplementation with calcium soaps of PUFA can provide better features and higher resistance to sperm when submitted to the process of cryopreservation and thawing.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-07-29T15:13:50Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Tese_Marcelo_Godoy.pdf: 524217 bytes, checksum: a994c2910234ccd5ab66b87e967a3bbf (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-02-26 / Were used primiparous cows, zebuine, calved than received in the postpartum period, low intake isoenergetic supplements, in pasture of Brachiaria brizantha cv. Marandu, with twenty cows per treatment in a randomized design, where FA: the low intake supplement (LIS) with inclusion of protected fat, CO: LIS with the inclusion of meal corn and MS: only mineral supplement. Evaluated the body weight of cows (BW) of calves (BWC) and body condition score (BCS) of cows inthe postpartum period, at every 28 days, effect of sex of calf in the BW medium (BWm) and in the BCS medium (BCSm) of cows, the average daily weight gain of cows (ADWG) and calves (ADWGC) and pregnancy rate (PR). The supplementation increased the BW of the cows in FA and CO without difference between them (P> 0.05), already the MI did not differ from SM de108 to 136 days postpartum (P> 0.05). The BWC of FA and CO did not differ (P> 0.05) among them and were higher (P <0.05) than the MS 108 until 192 days postpartum, and heavier at weaning. The cows of FA had BCS higher (P <0.05) than the other treatments from 80 to 192 days postpartum. The ADWG of FA and CO did not differ among them (P> 0.05) and were higher than SM (P <0.05). The ADWGC of FA and CO were similar (P> 0.06), and higher than SM (P <0.06). Cows that nursing males had lower BWm and BCSm that those nursing females (P <0.05). The cows of FA had higher PR (P <0.01) / Foram utilizadas sessenta vacas de corte, primíparas, zebuínas, paridas, com 48 do grupo genético Guzonel e 12 da raça Nelore, que receberam no pós-parto, suplementos isoenergéticos de baixo consumo à vontade e mantidas em pastagem de Brachiaria brizantha cv. Marandu, sendo vinte animais por tratamento, distribuídos uniformemente de acordo com o grupo genético, peso corporal, escore de condição corporal e número de dias pós-parto, onde AG: suplemento de baixo consumo com a inclusão de sabões de cálcio de ácidos graxos (gordura protegida), MI: suplemento de baixo consumo com a inclusão de quirera de milho e SM: somente suplemento mineral. Foi incluído quirera de milho, no tratamento MI, com o intuito de deixar o suplemento isoenergético em relação à quantidade de gordura protegida no tratamento AG. Avaliou-se o peso corporal das vacas (PCV) e dos bezerros (PCB) e escore de condição corporal (ECC) das vacas no período pós-parto, obtidos a cada 28 dias, além do efeito do sexo do bezerro sobre o peso corporal (PCm) e o escore de condição corporal (ECCm) médios das vacas e os ganhos médios diários de peso das vacas (GMDV) e bezerros (GMDB) e o índice de prenhez. Para aferir a produção de leite total (PLT), produção média diária de leite (PLm), produção de leite (PL) no período pós-parto, composição do leite e o efeito do sexo do bezerro na PL, foram utilizadas somente dez vacas de cada tratamento com menor período de dias pós-parto, com seis vacas do grupo genético Guzonel e quatro da raça Nelore (média de 24 dias) ordenhadas a cada 28 dias até 80 dias pós-parto e a cada 56 dias pós-parto dos 80 até 192 dias pós-parto. A suplementação conseguiu aumentar o PC no período pós-parto das vacas dos tratamentos AG e MI os quais não diferiram entre si (P>0,05), sendo que o MI não diferiu do SM de108 a 136 dias pós-parto. O GMDV do AG e MI não diferiram entre si (P>0,01), mas foram superiores ao SM (P<0,01) (0,352 e 0,321 vs. 0,143 kg/dia, respectivamente). O PCB dos tratamentos AG e MI foram semelhantes (P>0,05), no entanto, foram superiores (P<0,05) ao SM dos 108 até 192 dias pós-parto e, consequentemente, mais pesados ao desmame (192 dias de idade) (182,36, 175,23 e 148,68 kg, respectivamente). O GMDB dos bezerros do AG e MI, não diferiram entre si (P>0,06), mas foram maiores que o SM (P<0,06) (0,736 e 0,688 vs. 0,655 kg/dia, respectivamente). Aos 192 dias pós-parto as vacas do tratamento AG tiveram ECC superior (P<0,05) aos demais tratamentos. Já o PC das vacas do tratamento MI não diferiu do AG (P>0,05) e foi maior que o SM (P<0,05). Vacas que amamentaram machos tiveram menores PCV e ECC em comparação aquelas que amamentavam fêmeas (P<0,05) (321,48 vs. 337,22 kg e 2,04 vs. 2,14, respectivamente). As vacas dos tratamentos AG e MI tiveram maiores índices de prenhez que as vacas do SM (P<0,05) (68,48, 42,11 vs. 5,00%, respectivamente). As vacas que ingeriram sabões cálcio de ácidos graxos insaturados no suplemento alcançaram maior índice de prenhez (P<0,01). A suplementação de baixo consumo (AG e MI) proporcionou maior PLT (295,05 e 311,03 vs. 179,21, respectivamente) e PLm (1,52 e 1,61 vs. 1,11, respectivamente) quando comparado ao SM (P<0,05). A PL no período pós-parto teve diminuição linear em todos os tratamentos. A porcentagem de lactose (LAC), gordura (G), estrato seco total (EST) e estrato seco desengordurado (ESD) no leite se mantiveram constantes (P>0,05) no período pós-parto, ao contrário da proteína (PROT) que aumentou (P<0,05). O teor de G no tratamento SM foi superior aos demais tratamentos aos 80 dias pós-parto. Já em AG encontrou-se G menor em relação aos demais tratamentos aos 136 dias pós-parto (P<0,05), e MI e SM diferiram entre si. Dos 136 dias pós-parto em diante os teores de gordura não diferiram entre os tratamentos (P>0,05). A inclusão de gordura protegida afetou apenas os teores médios de G com 1,73% vs. 1,95% e 1,95%, respectivamente, para AG, MI e SM, mas não alterou os demais componentes do leite analisados. A produção e composição do leite não foram afetadas pelo sexo do bezerro (P>0,05). Concluise com este estudo que a suplementação de baixo consumo melhorou o PC, ECC, PCB, GMDV, GMDB, PLT e PLm, já a inclusão de ácidos graxos insaturados no suplemento diminuiu os teores médios de G e proporcionou maior ECC e índice de prenhez

Este proyecto de investigación tiene como objetivo principal ofrecer un servicio con variedad de beneficios para el cuidado de la piel a jóvenes con problemas dermatológicos leves que buscan constantemente cuidar su rostro por su tipo de piel. De esta manera, desarrollamos una plataforma web que tenga la función de vender jabones artesanales especializados para cada tipo de piel, sino brindar apoyo y seguimiento continuo mediante diversos beneficios que obtendrán a través de una suscripción mensual. Respecto a la sustentación de este proyecto, iniciamos segmentando como nuestro público objetivo a los jóvenes, ya que son los que más propensos a tener problemas dermatológicos. Siguiendo de las validaciones tanto de expertos como de usuarios con este problema para conocer cómo lo sobrellevan en la actualidad y analizar factores como precio, competencia, tendencias e intención de compra. Asimismo, se elaboraron experimentos para validar la viabilidad de este proyecto y la solución del problema. Posterior a ello, se realizó una planificación de concierges con la finalidad de obtener información real para validar nuestro proyecto. Finalmente, se realizó el presupuesto total en el cual tenemos a los operarios, recursos humanos, marketing y el costo por el desarrollo de la plataforma web. / The main objective of this research project is to offer a service with a variety of benefits for skin care to young people with dermatological problems who constantly seek to take care of their face for their skin type. In this way, we developed a web platform that has the function of selling specialized handmade soaps for each skin type, but also providing continuous support and monitoring through various benefits that will be obtained through a monthly subscription. Regarding the sustainability of this project, we began by segmenting young people as our target audience, since they are the most likely to have dermatological problems. Following the validations of both experts and users with this problem to know how they cope with it today and analyze factors such as price, competition, trends and purchase intention. Likewise, experiments were developed to validate the viability of this project and the solution of the problem. After that, concierge planning was carried out in order to obtain real information to validate our project. Finally, the total budget was made in which we have the operators, human resources, marketing and the cost for the development of the web platform. / Trabajo de investigación

Este trabajo consiste en el desarrollo de un plan de negocio de jabones artesanales con propiedades naturales y de gemoterapia teniendo como prioridad satisfacer las necesidades de nuestro público objetivo. Con el objetivo de elaborar un producto de alta calidad, se contó con la colaboración por medio de entrevistas de expertos que nos permitieron implementar diversas mejoras en la adquisición de los insumos correctos y los procedimientos adecuados. En primer lugar, para la elaboración del proyecto se desarrolló una segmentación que nos permitió determinar de manera efectiva nuestro público objetivo. Posteriormente por medio de los diversos experimentos que se desarrollaron se pudo conocer las características que eran apreciadas por los consumidores de nuestro producto, además se estableció el precio de venta por medio del concierge. En segundo lugar, se evaluaron los diversos factores tanto internos como externos que pueden afectar de manera indirecta o directa a nuestra empresa incluyendo la coyuntura relacionada con el COVID-19, elaborando de esta manera estrategias aplicables para el entorno cambiante actual y futuro. Finalmente, se elaboraron presupuestos en las diversas áreas implicadas en los procesos de la empresa como marketing, responsabilidad social empresarial, operaciones, recursos humanos entre otros tanto a corto como largo plazo, permitiéndonos de esta manera evaluar la viabilidad del proyecto. / This assignment consists in the development of a business plan for handmade soaps with natural properties and gem therapy having as a priority to satisfy the needs of our target public. With the objective of elaborating a high-quality product, we had the collaboration through interviews with experts that allowed us to implement several improvements in the acquisition of the correct inputs and the adequate procedures. First, for the elaboration of the project, a segmentation was developed that allowed us to effectively determine our target audience. Later, through the various experiments that were developed, we were able to know the characteristics that were appreciated by the consumers of our product, in addition to establishing the sales price through the concierge. Secondly, we evaluated the various internal and external factors that may indirectly or directly affect our company including the situation related to the COVID-19, thus developing applicable strategies for the current and future changing environment. Finally, budgets were prepared in the various areas involved in the company's processes such as marketing, corporate social responsibility, operations, human resources among others both in the short and long term, thus allowing us to assess the viability of the project. / Trabajo de investigación

La presente investigación da a conocer la rentabilidad del proyecto con jabones solares en base a productos naturales como el arroz y avena de la empresa SunBlock, esto se ha demostrado con estudios realizados en Lima Metropolitana con ciudadanos de los niveles socioeconómicos A y B, que tenga un poder adquisitivo y a la vez que estudien y mantengan un conocimiento. Es así que, la exploración de la validación de nuestro proyecto confirmo que existe gran potencial de demanda dentro de nuestro público objetivo que busca adquirir de un producto de calidad y que cuide de la misma manera su piel. Con el propósito que el proyecto se realice a inicios del año 2022, se ha considerado la composición de factores relevantes en la investigación del proyecto. Además, para lograr tener una mejor planificación del proyecto, se desarrolló la estructura de la empresa, dividida en la siguiente forma, para entender nuestra rentabilidad del proyecto: Plan de Marketing, Plan Financiero, Plan de Responsabilidad Social Empresarial, Plan de Recursos Humanos y Plan de Operaciones. Dentro de cada uno de ellos se contemplan las estrategias, actividades y recursos necesarios para que este proyecto sea viable cuando inicie sus operaciones. / The present research reveals the profitability of the project with solar soaps based on natural products such as rice and oats from the SunBlock company, this has been demonstrated with studies carried out in Metropolitan Lima with citizens of socioeconomic levels A and B, which have a purchasing power and at the same time that they study and maintain knowledge. Thus, the exploration of the validation of our project confirmed that there is great demand potential within our target audience that seeks to acquire a quality product and that takes care of their skin in the same way. In order for the project to be carried out in early 2022, the composition of relevant factors has been considered in the project's research. In addition, in order to have a better planning of the project, the structure of the company was developed, divided in the following way, to understand our profitability of the project: Marketing Plan, Financial Plan, Corporate Social Responsibility Plan, Human Resources Plan and Operations Plan. Within each one of them are contemplated the strategies, activities and resources necessary for this project to be viable when it starts its operations. / Trabajo de investigación