The present study examined whether someone’s implicit theories of relationships (ITORs) has an effect on whose opinion and what type of opinion has more influence on their romantic relationship dynamics. Individuals high in destiny beliefs view relationships as either meant to be or not meant to be. Individuals high in growth beliefs think relationships take work to maintain and that problems can be overcome. Combined these form orientations- cultivation orientation where the individual is high growth/low destiny and evaluation orientation which is high destiny/low growth. I analyzed an archived dataset where participants completed Sinclair’s (2008) Social Network Opinion Scale, Lund’s (1985) commitment scale, and Knee’s (1998) Implicit Theories of Relationship scale. We found evaluation orientation individuals are significantly more committed as parent approval rises, and significantly less committed as parent approval declines. Those exhibiting the cultivation orientation managed to maintain commitment regardless of parent opinion, consistent with hypothesis two.

Research has established that network members’ opinions do impact romantic relationship outcomes. The present study examined whether attachment styles moderate the impact social network members have upon relationship satisfaction and commitment. Participants were primed to activate one of three attachment styles, and then read one of 6 vignettes describing a hypothetical relationship experiencing approval/disapproval from friends/family. After reading, participants completed measures to indicate how satisfied and committed they would be in the hypothetical relationship. Thus, the study employed a 3 (Type of opinion: approval, disapproval, no opinion) x 2 (Source of opinion: parent, friend) x 3 (Attachment prime: secure, anxious, avoidant) factorial design. Analyses revealed that supportive network opinions increase relationship satisfaction and commitment relative to relationships facing disapproval. However, the impact of disapproval was not significantly different from knowing nothing about the network’s perception. No other effects emerged, perhaps due to the failure of the attachment prime.

No description available.

Popular Online Social Networks (OSNs), such as Facebook or Twitter, are logically centralized systems. The massive information aggregation of sensitive personal data at the central providers of these services is an inherent threat to the privacy of the users. Leakages of these data collections happen regularly – both intentionally, for example by selling of user data to third parties and unintentionally, for example when outsiders successfully attack a provider. Motivated by this insight, the concept of Decentralized Online Social Networks (DOSNs) has emerged. In these proposed systems, no single, central provider keeps a data collection of all users. Instead, the data is spread out across multiple servers or is distributed completely among user devices that form a peer-to-peer (P2P) network. Encryption is used to enforce access rights of shared content and communication partners ideally connect directly to each other. DOSNs solve one of the biggest privacy concerns of centralized OSNs in a quite forthright way – by getting rid of the central provider. Furthermore, these decentralized systems can be designed to be more immune to censorship than centralized services. But when decentralizing OSNs, two main challenges have to be met: to provide user privacy under a significantly different threat model, and to implement equal usability and functionality without centralized components. In this work we analyze the general privacy-problems in DOSNs, especially those arising from the more exposed metadata in these systems. Furthermore, we suggest three privacy-preserving implementations of standard OSN features, i.e. user authentication via password-login, user search via a knowledge threshold and an event invitation system with fine-grained privacy-settings. These implementations do not rely on a trusted, central provider and are therefore applicable in a DOSN scenario but can be applied in other P2P or low-trust environments as well. Finally, we analyze a concrete attack on a specific decentralized system, the Tor anonymization network, and suggest improvements for mitigating the identified threats. / Populära sociala nätverkstjänster som Facebook och Instagram bygger på en logiskt centraliserad systemarkitektur. Tjänsteleverantörerna har därför tillgång till omfattande ansamlingar av känsliga personuppgifter,vilket innebär en oundviklig risk för integritetskränkningar. Med jämna mellanrum läcks dessa informationsansamlingar till tredje part – antingen när tjänsteleverantören själv säljer eller ger dem tillexterna aktörer, eller när obehöriga får åtkomst till tjänsteleverantörens datasystem. Decentraliserade sociala nätverkstjänster (eng. Decentralized Online Social Networks, DOSNs) är en lovande utveckling för att minska denna risk och för att skydda användarnas personliga information såväl från tjänsteleverantören som från tredje part. Ett vanligt sätt att implementera ett DOSN är genom en icke-hierarkisk nätverksarkitektur (eng. peer-to-peer network) för att undvika att känsliga personuppgifter samlas på ett ställe som är under tjänsteleverantörens kontroll. Kryptering används för att skydda kommunikationen och för att realisera åtkomstkontrollen av information som ska delas med andra användare. Att inte längre ha en tjänsteleverantör som har tillgång till all data innebär att den största riskfaktorn for integritetskränkningar tas bort. Men genom att ersätta den centrala tjänsteleverantören med ett decentraliserat system tar vi även bort ett visst integritetsskydd. Integritetsskyddet var en konsekvens av att förmedlingen av all användarkommunikation skedde genom tjänsteleverantörens servrar. När ansvaret för lagring av innehållet, hantering av behörigheterna, åtkomst och andra administrativa uppgifter övergår till användarna själva, blir det en utmaning att skydda metadata för objekt och informationsflöden, även om innehållet är krypterat. I ett centraliserat system är dessa metadata faktiskt skyddade av tjänsteleverantören – avsiktligt eller som en sidoeffekt. För att implementera de olika funktioner som ska finnas i ett integritetsskyddande DOSN, är det nödvändigt både att lösa dessa generella utmaningar och att hantera frånvaron av en betrodd tjänsteleverantör som har full tillgång till all data. Användarautentiseringen borde till exempel ha samma användbarhet som i centraliserade system. Det vill säga att det är lätt att ändra lösenordet, upphäva rättigheterna för en stulen klientenhet eller återställa ett glömt lösenord med hjälp av e-post eller säkerhetsfrågor – allt utan att förlita sig på en betrodd tredje part. Ett annat exempel är funktionen att kunna söka efter andra användare. Utmaningen där är att skydda användarinformationen samtidigt som det måste vara möjligt att hitta användare baserad på just denna informationen. En implementation av en sådan funktion i ett DOSN måste klara sig utan en betrodd tjänsteleverantör som med tillgång till alla användardata kan upprätthålla ett globalt sökindex. I den här avhandlingen analyserar vi de generella risker för integritetskränkningar som finns i DOSN, särskilt de som orsakas av metadata. Därutöver föreslår vi tre integritetsskyddande implementationer av vanliga funktioner i en social nätverkstjänst: lösenordsbaserad användarautentisering, en användarsökfunktion med en kunskapströskel och en inbjudningsfunktion för evenemang med detaljerade sekretessinställningar. Alla tre implementationerna är lämpliga för DOSN-scenarier eftersom de klarar sig helt utan en betrodd, central tjänsteleverantör, och kan därför även användas i andra sammanhang såsom icke-hierarkiska nätverk eller andra system som måste klara sig utan en betrodd tredje part. Slutligen analyserar vi en attack på ett specifikt decentraliserat system, anonymitetstjänsten Tor, och diskuterar hur systemet kan skyddas mot de analyserade sårbarheterna. / <p>QC 20161115</p>

Mobile social networking(MSN) has emerged as an effective platform for social network users to pervasively disseminate the contents such as news, tips, book information, music, video and so on. In content dissemination, mobile social network users receive content or information from their friends, acquaintances or neighbors, and selectively forward the content or information to others. The content generators and receivers have different motivation and requirements to disseminate the contents according to the properties of the contents, which makes it a challenging and meaningful problem to effectively disseminate the content to the appropriate users. In this dissertation, the typical content dissemination scenarios in MSNs are investigated. According to the content properties, the corresponding user requirements are analyzed. First, a Bayesian framework is formulated to model the factors that influence users behavior on streaming video dissemination. An effective dissemination path detection algorithm is derived to detect the reliable and efficient video transmission paths. Second, the authorized content is investigated. We analyze the characteristics of the authorized content, and model the dissemination problem as a new graph problem, namely, Maximum Weighted Connected subgraph with node Quota (MWCQ), and propose two effective algorithms to solve it. Third, the authorized content dissemination problem in Opportunistic Social Networks(OSNs) is studied, based on the prediction of social connection pattern. We then analyze the influence of social connections on the content acquirement, and propose a novel approach, User Set Selection(USS) algorithm, to help social users to achieve fast and accurate content acquirement through social connections.

Dannii Yuen-lan Yeung. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2004. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 50-57). / Abstracts in English and Chinese ; appendix in Chinese. / Acknowledgements --- p.i / Abstract (English) --- p.ii / Abstract (Chinese) --- p.iii / Table of Contents --- p.iv / List of Tables --- p.v / List of Figures --- p.vi / Chapter Chapter 1: --- Introduction --- p.1 / Association between Social Relationship and Psychological Well-being --- p.2 / Determinants of Social Network Characteristics in Previous Studies --- p.3 / Impacts of Time Perspective on Social Network Characteristics --- p.7 / Indigenous Influencing Factor --- p.10 / Purpose of the Present Study --- p.12 / Chapter Chapter 2: --- Method --- p.14 / Participants --- p.14 / Procedure --- p.16 / Measures --- p.17 / Potential Covariates --- p.21 / Chapter Chapter 3: --- Results --- p.22 / Reliability of Scales --- p.22 / Gender Differences in Social Network Characteristics --- p.23 / Gender Differences in Psychosocial Variables --- p.25 / Relationships Among Major Variables --- p.26 / Hierarchical Regression Analyses of SNC on Time Perspective and Renqing --- p.29 / "Hierarchical Regression Analyses of Psychological Well-being on SNC, Time Perspective, and Renqing" --- p.33 / Chapter Chapter 4: --- Discussion --- p.39 / Social Network Characteristics between Genders --- p.39 / Psychological Well-being between Genders --- p.43 / Implications of the Present Study --- p.46 / Limitations and Future Directions --- p.47 / Conclusion --- p.49 / References --- p.50 / Appendix --- p.58

Background: Current literature suggests that there is an underutilisation of mental health services among Chinese people in England and that most Chinese people only come into contact with mental health services when a crisis occurs. However, there is limited evidence to enhance understanding of how they enter and navigate through the mental health systems. Objectives: This study aimed to examine the pathway experience of Chinese people living with a diagnosis of severe mental illness and the experience of their social networks who became involved in this journey. Methodology: Adopting a phenomenological approach, this study involved 55 interviews relating to 16 Chinese people with severe mental illness. Participants included Chinese people with severe mental illness, their families and Chinese speaking workers working in different service settings. Data was analysed with the aid of the QSR Nvivo software program. Findings: This was the first qualitative study to help understand the experience of Chinese people with severe mental illness in England. It confirmed that language difference, a lack of knowledge about how to access mainstream services and different conceptualisation of the experience of mental illness were significant barriers to seeking help. However, contrary to existing literature, this study found that not all Chinese people with severe mental illness experienced delays in receiving professional support. The health beliefs and attitude of their social networks towards mental illness were the main factors shaping the duration and direction of individual journey. Family played an important role throughout this journey but most families did not have adequate resources to meet the mental health needs of their relatives. Therefore, they had to seek help from mental health professionals, Chinese speaking workers and their overseas connections. Discussion: The stigma attached to mental illness was reported as the key explanation for delays in help-seeking. The impact of stigma was felt more strongly by Chinese male than female family members. The worry that mental illness would ruin the family name and the family would lose face in the community explained the reluctance of Chinese men to seek help for their close relatives with severe mental illness. Chinese speaking workers provided vital resources for Chinese people to access mainstream mental health services. However, the strong belief in self-reliance and the perception that Chinese people held a more stigmatising attitude towards people with mental illness explained why some participants were resistant to seek help from outsiders, especially people from the Chinese community. Additionally, Chinese people living in remote areas were unable to reach and access these resources because of the unavailability of such resources in rural areas. Conclusion: This study expands our conceptual understanding of how the stigma associated with mental illness impacts on the utilisation of mental health services among Chinese people in England. Chinese speaking workers play an important role in facilitating access to mental health services. Hence, it is important to explore and develop different strategies to de-stigmatise mental illness so that Chinese people living in different parts of England can utilise resources from the Chinese and wider community. / published_or_final_version / Social Work and Administration / Doctoral / Doctor of Philosophy

There is no abstract available for this dissertation. / Department of Counseling Psychology and Guidance Services

Thesis (M.Ap.C.T. & M.)--Cleveland State University, 2008 / Abstract. Title from PDF t.p. (viewed on July 3, 2008). Includes bibliographical references (p. 92-99). Available online via the OhioLINK ETD Center. Also available in print.

Thesis (B.A.)--Haverford College, Dept. of Sociology, 2009. / Includes bibliographical references.