多年來，各國的科學家致力提升能源效益以減少能源消耗。當中，以了解能源使用行為對達致可持續能源消耗最為關鍵。為此，本論文將採用跨學科的方法，利用心理學的理論制定研究框架及問卷設計，目的為調查影響市民進行家居節約能源行為的因素。 / 本研究採用詳細設計的問卷收集受訪者的環境態度、行為動機、自我報告行為、環境知識水平、情景因素及心理因素。是次調查共採訪七百一十五位年齡為十五歲或以上的香港市民。研究結果顯示，香港市民擁有高度的環境態度及中等的環境知識水平，當中尤對本地的環境知識特別了解。 / 在影響節能行為的因素方面，本研究的結果與國外的相關研究存有顯著差別。當中社會經濟因素並不能解釋本地的家居節能行為；相反，心理因素，包括內在刺激、願意犧牲度、環境污染嚴重意識、責任意識及自我勝任感卻為解釋家居節能行為的重要因素。 / 根據本研究的觀察，單純地向市民灌輸環境知識並不能鼓勵其進行可持續生活。故此，本研究將向保護環境從業者就設計環境教育運動及制訂環境政策時提出可行的改善方法。最後，本文亦就本研究的限制作出討論，並就其他相關研究提出改善及建議。 / Reducing energy usage by raising energy efficiency has been the focus of scientists worldwide. Understanding energy consumption behaviors is crucial to achieving sustainable energy usage reduction. This study aims at exploring the barriers that hinder people from adopting energy conservation behaviors at home that could lead to efficient energy consumption. To achieve this, an inter-disciplinary approach is adopted integrating psychological theories in the research framework and questionnaire design. / The study employed a structured questionnaire in an attempt to understand environmental values, behavioral intention, self-reported behaviors, environmental knowledge, situational variables as well as psychological determinants, from respondents. 715 respondents aged 15 and above participated in the survey in Hong Kong. Results show that in general, Hong Kong citizens have high environmental awareness and moderate level of environmental knowledge and that they understand local environmental issues to be of great interest. Thus, regarding the barriers of behaviors, the findings suggest dissimilar results with their counterparts in the western countries. It shows that socio-economic factors are not decisive in performing energy conservation behaviors at home, while psychological factors, namely intrinsic motivation, willingness to sacrifice, perceived seriousness of environmental problems, perceived responsibility and self-efficacy, could significantly explain human behaviors. / Observed from this survey, equipping the public with environmental knowledge is no longer practical in achieving sustainability. Recommendations for environmental practitioners are demonstrated in this study. Besides, the limitations of this research and suggestions on further similar studies are discussed. / Detailed summary in vernacular field only. / Detailed summary in vernacular field only. / Detailed summary in vernacular field only. / Detailed summary in vernacular field only. / Tsang, Kai Ho. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2012. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 116-127). / Electronic reproduction. Hong Kong : Chinese University of Hong Kong, [2012] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Abstracts also in Chinese; appendix E in Chinese. / Abstract --- p.i / 論文摘要 --- p.iii / Acknowledgements --- p.iv / Table of Contents --- p.v / List of Tables --- p.ix / List of Figures --- p.xi / Chapter CHAPTER ONE --- INTRODUCTION --- p.1 / Chapter 1.1 --- Introduction --- p.1 / Chapter 1.2 --- Background --- p.2 / Chapter 1.3 --- Research objectives --- p.3 / Chapter 1.4 --- Significance --- p.4 / Chapter 1.5 --- Research framework --- p.5 / Chapter 1.6 --- Structure of the thesis --- p.5 / Chapter CHAPTER TWO --- LITERATURE REVIEW --- p.7 / Chapter 2.1 --- Pro-environmental behaviors --- p.7 / Chapter 2.2 --- Energy conservation behavior --- p.8 / Chapter 2.3 --- Environmental knowledge and behavior --- p.9 / Chapter 2.4 --- Environmental values and behavior --- p.11 / Chapter 2.5 --- Situational variables --- p.13 / Chapter 2.5.1 --- Socio-demographics --- p.13 / Chapter 2.5.1.1 --- Age --- p.13 / Chapter 2.5.1.2 --- Gender --- p.15 / Chapter 2.5.1.3 --- Education --- p.17 / Chapter 2.5.1.4 --- Income --- p.19 / Chapter 2.5.1.5 --- Household size --- p.20 / Chapter 2.5.1.6 --- Other home characteristics --- p.22 / Chapter 2.5.2 --- Psychological variables --- p.24 / Chapter 2.5.2.1 --- Intrinsic motivation --- p.24 / Chapter 2.5.2.2 --- Subjective norm/ Social pressure --- p.26 / Chapter 2.5.2.3 --- Efficacy --- p.28 / Chapter 2.5.2.4 --- Perceived seriousness of environmental problems --- p.31 / Chapter 2.5.2.5 --- Perceived responsibility --- p.33 / Chapter 2.6 --- Conceptualizing energy conservation behavior --- p.36 / Chapter 2.6.1 --- The Theory of Reasoned Action (TRA) --- p.36 / Chapter 2.6.2 --- Framework of study --- p.38 / Chapter 2.7 --- Research gap --- p.41 / Chapter CHAPTER THREE --- METHODOLOGY --- p.43 / Chapter 3.1 --- Introduction --- p.43 / Chapter 3.2 --- Study area --- p.43 / Chapter 3.3 --- Study instrument --- p.44 / Chapter 3.3.1 --- Questionnaire design --- p.45 / Chapter 3.3.1.1 --- Section 1 - Environmental values --- p.45 / Chapter 3.3.1.2 --- Section 2 - Behavioral intention scale --- p.48 / Chapter 3.3.1.3 --- Section 3 - Behavioral frequency scale --- p.48 / Chapter 3.3.1.4 --- Section 4 - Environmental knowledge (general and concrete) --- p.49 / Chapter 3.3.1.5 --- Section 5 Psychological variables --- p.52 / Chapter 3.3.1.6 --- Socio-demographics --- p.55 / Chapter 3.4 --- Questionnaire formation --- p.55 / Chapter 3.4.1 --- First pilot study --- p.55 / Chapter 3.4.2 --- Second pilot study --- p.56 / Chapter 3.4.3 --- Final questionnaire --- p.56 / Chapter 3.5 --- Data collection --- p.57 / Chapter 3.6 --- Analytical methods --- p.57 / Chapter 3.6.1 --- Quantitative methods --- p.58 / Chapter 3.6.1.1 --- Descriptive and bivariate statistics --- p.58 / Chapter 3.6.1.2 --- Multivariate statistics --- p.60 / Chapter 3.7 --- Conclusion --- p.62 / Chapter CHPATER FOUR --- UNDERSTANDING OF ENVIRONMENTAL VALUES, KNOWLEDGE, BEHAVIORAL INTENTION, BEHAVIOR AND DETERMINANTS --- p.63 / Chapter 4.1 --- Introduction --- p.63 / Chapter 4.2 --- Sample profile --- p.63 / Chapter 4.3 --- Environmental values --- p.65 / Chapter 4.3.1 --- Dimensionality of New Ecological Paradigm --- p.65 / Chapter 4.3.2 --- Conclusion --- p.68 / Chapter 4.4 --- Behavioral intentional and self-reported behavior --- p.69 / Chapter 4.4.1 --- Comparison of behavioral intention and self-reported behavior --- p.69 / Chapter 4.4.2 --- Construction of behavioral intention measurement scale --- p.73 / Chapter 4.4.3 --- Construction of behavior measurement scale --- p.74 / Chapter 4.4.4 --- Conclusion --- p.76 / Chapter 4.5 --- Environmental knowledge --- p.77 / Chapter 4.5.1 --- General environmental knowledge --- p.77 / Chapter 4.5.2 --- Concrete environmental knowledge --- p.79 / Chapter 4.5.3 --- Conclusion --- p.80 / Chapter 4.6 --- Extraction of psychological variables --- p.81 / Chapter 4.6.1 --- First factor - Intrinsic motivation --- p.86 / Chapter 4.6.2 --- Second factor - Willingness to sacrifice --- p.86 / Chapter 4.6.3 --- Third factor - Perceived seriousness --- p.87 / Chapter 4.6.4 --- Forth factor - Responsibility --- p.87 / Chapter 4.6.5 --- Fifth factor - Self Efficacy --- p.88 / Chapter 4.6.6 --- Conclusion --- p.88 / Chapter CHAPTER FIVE --- DETERMINANTS OF HOUSEHOLD ENERGY CONSERVATION BEHAVIOR --- p.89 / Chapter 5.1 --- Introduction --- p.89 / Chapter 5.1.1 --- Regression analysis of behavioral intention --- p.90 / Chapter 5.1.2 --- Regression analysis of household energy conservation behavior --- p.92 / Chapter 5.1.3 --- Synthesis of regression analyses --- p.93 / Chapter 5.2 --- Conclusion --- p.94 / Chapter CHAPTER SIX --- DISCUSSION --- p.96 / Chapter 6.1 --- Introduction --- p.96 / Chapter 6.2 --- Validity of the model --- p.96 / Chapter 6.3 --- Environmental values and behavior --- p.97 / Chapter 6.4 --- Psychological variables --- p.97 / Chapter 6.4.1 --- Intrinsic motivation --- p.98 / Chapter 6.4.2 --- Responsibility --- p.98 / Chapter 6.4.3 --- Willingness of sacrifice --- p.99 / Chapter 6.4.4 --- Perceived seriousness --- p.100 / Chapter 6.4.5 --- Efficacy --- p.100 / Chapter 6.5 --- Situational variables --- p.102 / Chapter 6.5.1 --- Age --- p.102 / Chapter 6.5.2 --- Education --- p.102 / Chapter 6.5.3 --- Environmental knowledge --- p.103 / Chapter CHAPTER SEVEN --- CONCLUSION --- p.106 / Chapter 7.1 --- Introduction --- p.106 / Chapter 7.2 --- Summary of the findings --- p.106 / Chapter 7.3 --- Recommendations for policies and campaigns --- p.107 / Chapter 7.4 --- Limitations of this research --- p.111 / Chapter 7.5 --- Suggestions for further studies --- p.113 / Reference list --- p.116 / Chapter Appendix A --- Questionnaire for first pilot study --- p.128 / Chapter Appendix B --- Preliminary results of the first pilot study --- p.133 / Chapter Appendix C --- Questionnaire for second pilot study --- p.143 / Chapter Appendix D --- Final questionnaire --- p.148 / Chapter Appendix E --- Final questionnaire (Chinese version) --- p.154

Apart from politics and market, ideology was a significant factor in the realm of rock music. Upholding an ideology that focused on individuality and autonomy, and epousing a set of aesthetic value that placed emphases on live performance: how to maintain a balance between autonomy from politics and adaptation to market tastes became a question for both rock artists and the culture industry, a topic of which will be examined in the dissertation. / At the same time, this paper examined the struggle of rock artists against the official constraints and prohibitive coding via rock lyrics, the visual, the music, the body as well as the theatrical performance. / Finally, this paper explores how rock artists and the rock industry turned to alternative spaces for projecting their causes: the Internet, the underground music network and the realm of piracy, spaces where interferences from both the state and the market were minimum. / It also took as its study why rock music was a noise in the market and how rock labels contested for a space in the market which had been plagued by piracy and lack of protection for intellectual property rights. It at the same time explored the ways rock companies attempted to make the books balanced in operating the rock music business in a market where rock fans only constituted a marginal audience. / It looked at how the government imposed control and prohibition on the publishing, performance and dissemination of rock music which it perceived as an alien noise. For this, interviews had been held with personnel from the official apparatuses, the culture industry, the mass media as well as the rock artists and musicians, in a way to understand why rock was rarely heard on the radio or performed on television; why rock music became a term rarely appeared in the official press; and why rock was not allowed to mingle with official discourse like party songs or national anthem; and in what ways the contents of songs as well as the visuals on album covers were censored; and how the government controlled the speech, acts and dress of rock artists on stage. / This paper concludes with the view that despite the many constraints encountered by rock music in the realm of both the state and the market, rock music as a cultural space did not totally lose its freedom, autonomy or integrity. It adopted a mode of communication which is hinged on the non-verbal, the second-order signification, the hidden and the symbolic. It utilised a strategy which avoids direct antagonism with the political regime, and sought outlets for its own messages and meanings. / This paper started by examining how rock music had been transformed into a genre distinguished with its ideology and aesthetics in a socialist country where politics and economy weighed equally significant. / This study took rock music as a cultural space that reflected a larger political and economic environment in China, where it had been marginalized and segregated as a noise by both the state and the market. / Wong Yan Chau Christina. / "September 2006." / Adviser: Joseph Man Chan. / Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 68-03, Section: A, page: 0783. / Thesis (Ph.D.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2006. / Includes bibliographical references. / Electronic reproduction. Hong Kong : Chinese University of Hong Kong, [2012] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Electronic reproduction. [Ann Arbor, MI] : ProQuest Information and Learning, [200-] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Abstracts in English and Chinese. / School code: 1307.

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This thesis examines the cultural world of students and how they negotiate viable selves at the margins of education exclusion. Bridgeworth Youth Wing (BYW), a part of Bridgeworth Community College (BCC) school site for an ethnographical study focused on students' linguistic repertoires and language codes embedded within their social practices. Critical engagement with these processes led to the development of a pedagogic approach based on a model of knowledge production rooted in social practice rather than individual cognitive performance. The introduction locates the research in a wider policy context and discusses the rise of performance management, the use of pupil assessment data and the development of alternative curricula. Chapter one presents the research context, research population, issues identified and the initial outline of an intervention. In chapter two I explore a methodological approach. I draw on Freire and a concept of liberation education in order to develop a research strategy, which enables me to answer initial research questions. The initial research phase uses a developing methodological approach in order to explore the wider social practices of the students. Data from this initial phase of research provides an evaluative framework from which further research can be conducted. Chapter three presents and analyses data on language and practice collected in the initial research phase. A framework for analysis draws on Bernstein's (1971) theoretical model of codes. Chapter four explores the correlation between discourse and the students' developing conceptual understanding. Key questions informing selfproduction are identified. The social structure of language and the linguistic structure of dialogue is examined. Chapter five considers the emerging theoretical framework and explores the role of language and its use within the context of self-production. A conflict between the prevailing school models of self and that of the students is identified and outlined. Chapter six explores the assumption that the real is not solely confined within organisational discourse. The linguistic dimensions of multiple discourses and associated practices are explored both within school and social sites outside. Chapter seven presents and analyses themes emerging from two further interventions. This illuminates the significance of staff and family as actors within the students' discursive narratives. Further existential questions guiding the production of the self within those conditions, are considered. In conclusion chapter eight identifies claims to new knowledge emerging from the thesis. I assert that knowledge and its use in terms of sustaining self-identity is conceptualised within reflexive discourse emerging from relationships with significant other actors, who may or may not be located physically within BCC or BYW sites. I argue that language and linguistic codes engaged by the students are not located in the production of GCSEs but rather in the production of the self. Therefore knowledge is reflexively produced and mutually understood through the students maintaining multiple discourses. I also identify a confluence point between the students' social alignments and the organisational alignments at BCC. I then discuss how an alternative curricula model I currently manage might develop in order to meet the needs of the students in the light of the emerging theoretical framework.

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EverQuest is a multiplayer online role playing game that serves as a practical incarnation of life as a cyborg in a posthuman community. Using cultural materialsim, this thesis demonstrates how the words of EverQuest interactants - from message boards, interviews, and player in-game communications - construct the world of EverQuest and the roles of the interactants as its citizens. More specifically, this thesis will argue that the EverQuest world serves to reify the ideas of consumer capitalism that informs the "real" world, even as EverQuest itself promises an escape from that world.

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