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Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI) / The goal of this study is to explain the basic social process of street prostitution from entrance to exit using Grounded Theory Methodology.

Recent artists like Norwegian Recycling and E-603 have created a new genre of art within music: digital recycling. These artists take many different well-known and less-known lyrics, music, and spoken word and combine them together. This meshing of multiple pieces of art has new historical roots. The different images, auditory and visual, that these creations produce and often enhance meaning and connections through popular media. These connections interest me most. Through the lenses of post-colonial, gender, and queer theories, I examine Witi Ihimaera's creative work. I splice in different theorists' words, my own thoughts, and images to enhance and accent Ihimaera‘s ―Singing Word‖ (Juniper Ellis 170). According to Ihimaera, the written word and the ―novel is alien to the indigenous form, and that where Maori are going now is probably where it‘s most natural, and that is into theatre or into poetry…and oral storytelling‖ (Ihimaera 170). As the first published playwright in New Zealand and as an English professor at the University of Auckland, Witi Ihimaera is a role model and leader to many other Maori and New Zealand playwrights and writers. I am most interested in understanding what and how he has been influenced as an artist. I craft a document that extends the idea of a written word in a Maori context, in which I explore the major influences on Ihimaera as a theatrical creator and influencer of other Maori artists. Chapter one introduces Witi Ihimaera and my methods. Chapter two includes my research on the Maori culture with the following subsections: the people, their traditions, and their paternal systems of power. Chapter three is my research on the influx of Pakeha authority highlighting the Mormon take over and how that affected author and playwright Witi Ihimaera. iv Chapter four is my research on how Ihimaera‘s homosexuality has influenced his creations and the contemporary Maori Performance. Chapter five contains my conclusions of the connections I find. In addition, I use examples from Witi Ihimaera‘s fictional novel The Uncles Story, as well as many other of his plays and novels, to show examples of influences from Maori culture, Mormonism, and his homosexuality on Ihimaera‘s work.

Latinos are the fastest growing minority population in the United States (U.S.) and have the worst access to health care of any ethnic group. The chronic disease of diabetes is twice as common in adult Latinos as in non-Latino whites, and the risk of death related to diabetes is twofold. Reasons for this disparity have yet to be clearly identified. This study had two purposes: 1) to explore cultural beliefs regarding health-care seeking behaviors in Puerto Ricans with diabetes who live in South Florida; and 2) to examine Puerto Ricans' perceptions about their health-care providers. The cultural phenomena of interest were familism, religiosity, spirituality, use of ethnomedicine, and perception of ethnic concordance of health-care provider. Numerous studies have examined these phenomena with other Latino groups, but none have specifically focused on Puerto Ricans. An overarching goal of the study was to contribute to the knowledge base on a particular health disparity--diabetes. Using a narrative inquiry approach, a purposive sample of self-identified Puerto Ricans with diabetes (N = 12) were recruited from six sites in a South Florida city. Data were obtained using a pencil-and-paper demographic instrument, the Short Acculturation Scale to determine language preference of Spanish or English, and a personal interview using a semi-structured, ten-item interview guide. Subjects gave written informed consent for participation, and all data were coded to ensure confidentiality. The personal interviews were tape recorded and transcribed verbatim. Interviews completed in Spanish were translated to English and transcribed. Using content analyses techniques, transcribed narratives were analyzed for content and thematic emergence. The findings revealed that familism was an important consideration in health-care seeking behaviors. Traditional gender role expectations, coupled with caregiver burdens, deterred some participants from seeking care even when care was needed. Religiosity and spirituality did not influence decision-making but did have a role in coping with the chronic disease. While participants were aware of culturally based ethnomedicine, they preferred Western medicine for the treatment of their diabetes. They also had a preference for a health-care provider who was ethnically concordant. Serendipitous findings that emerged in the analyses included the casual attitude of several participants about their diabetic status and reports of depressive-like symptoms among most of the women. Health-care providers need to take into consideration the cultural and linguistic preferences of Puerto Ricans to develop an appropriate and effective treatment plan. Discrepancies between the health-care providers and the clients' systems must be reconciled to improve adherence to evidence-based treatment.

The Problem. During the past several decades Iranian society has undergone substantial change. Industrialization, urbanization, and universal education have been dynamic forces in changing Iranian society. Such factors may have influenced the structure and function of the family in Iran. In addition, and perhaps related to these factors, other developments occurred. The bond of kinship began to weaken and the neighborhood changed due to a trend toward the nuclear family. The solidarity of tradition was loosened. This was especially true in Tehranian society. One important development from these changes was a more active role by women in the society. Women have been somewhat liberated from traditional restrictive practices through legislative and social development. Marriage and divorce are perhaps sensitive indices through which changes in family structure can be studied. In 1976, the ratio of divorce to marriage in Tehran was about one to three, which was the highest rate of divorce in the country since 1942 when record-keeping began. It was the intention of this study to ascertain the nature and frequency of marital problems which led to divorce in Tehran during the 1967-79 period as perceived by four different professional groups in Tehran. These problem areas were organized under three major aspects: (1) characteristics or behaviors of the wife, (2) characteristics or behaviors of the husband, and (3) general or miscellaneous factors. Procedures. The data for this descriptive study were collected by the questionnaire method from 120 randomly selected individuals of four different professional groups in Tehran. These four professional groups were: 30 practicing psychologists; 30 heads of notary public; 30 social workers; and 30 family court judges. All of these four professional groups were directly involved in some aspect of the divorce proceedings. Frequency and percentage distribution of responses to the questionnaire item were derived. These were accomplished for the composite of the four professional groups as well as for each professional group separately. Findings and Discussion. The findings of this study regarding sex behavior are consistent with those of other studies performed in Iran. Majority of the respondents considered having extra-marital relations to be detrimental to the marriage relationship for both husband and wife. Alcoholism and/or drug addiction and gambling were other problems which led to divorce. These problems previously were recognized as problems for the husband, but this study indicated that these problems are increasing among wives in Iran. The changing role of women and their participation in social life may have resulted in their involvement in alcoholism and gambling. Another cause of divorce was interference from in-laws. Iranian families, for the most part, live in extended family units. Several generations may live in the same city making frequent contact relatively easy. While such a relationship has some advantages, the tendency for in-laws to interfere in their offsprings lives can have a negative effect. Recommendation for Further Study. With regard to the information base obtained from these data and related research of the literature, the investigator recommends that further research be conducted in the following areas: (1) A replication of this study in other urban areas in different parts of Iran in an effort to substantiate the findings of the present study and extend the generalizations to a wider population; (2) A replication of this study in rural areas of Iran to investigate similarities and differences between urban and rural sources of marital discord.

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