Thesis (MA(Sociology))-University of Pretoria, 2007. / Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison, 2003. / eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references.

OBJECTIVE: This study aims to assess the needs of people with disabilities and their level of inclusion in social protection programmes. DESIGN: Population based-survey with a nested case-control study. SETTING: Morropon, a semiurban district located in Piura, northern Peru. PARTICIPANTS: For the population survey, a two-stage sampling method was undertaken using data from the most updated census available and information of each household member aged ≥5 years was collected. In the nested case-control study, only one participant, case or control, per household was included in the study. PRIMARY AND SECONDARY OUTCOME MEASURES: Disability was screened using the Washington Group short questionnaire. A case, defined as an individual aged ≥5 years with disabilities, was matched with one control without disabilities by sex and age (±5 years). Information was collected on socioeconomic status, education, health and rehabilitation and social protection participation. RESULTS: The survey included 3684 participants, 1848 (50.1%) females, mean age: 36.4 (SD: 21.7). A total of 290 participants (7.9%; 95% CI 7.0% to 8.7%) were classified as having disability. Adults with disabilities were more likely to be single (OR=3.40; 95% CI 1.54 to 7.51) and not to be working (OR=4.36; 95% CI 2.26 to 8.40), while those who did work were less likely to receive the national minimum wage (ie, 750 PEN or about US$265; p=0.007). People with disabilities were more likely to experience health problems. There was no difference between those enrolled in any social protection programme among participants with and without disabilities. CONCLUSIONS: People with disabilities were found to have higher needs for social protection, but were not more likely to be enrolled in social protection programmes. The Peruvian social protection system should consider adding disability status to selection criteria in their cash transfer programmes as well as implementing disability-specific interventions. Published by the BMJ Publishing Group Limited. For permission to use (where not already granted under a licence) please go to http://www.bmj.com/company/products-services/rights-and-licensing/

No description available.

No description available.

This dissertation examines precursors, origins, and select efforts of Public Citizen's Health Research Group (HRG), one of the first and most influential consumer advocacy organizations to focus on prescription drug issues before the 1980s. Over the course of seven chapters, I situate HRG's critical appraisals of pharmaceuticals with respect to those made by interwar consumerists, several critics in the 50s, radical health activists in the 60s, contemporary health activists in the 70s and 80s, and activists mobilized by the HIV/AIDS epidemic in the 90s and 00s. By doing this, and by connecting each of these phases of pharmaceutically-centered critique to the history of social medicine with which it tracked closely, I suggest that late 20th-century pharmaceutical activism was, at least in part, a politically-engaged critique of modern epidemiology's application to health policy and practice. HRG, like reformers both before and after them, were attempting to challenge an American orientation in health policy that emphasized the development and implementation of private clinical medical interventions over population-level public health measures and that failed to contemplate structural alterations to economic and political institutions. I do not mean to argue that the consumer movement was unaffected by ideological transformations in the postwar period that altered the way many people thought about government, or deny that consumerists largely shrunk from the challenge of building a mass-based political coalition across bounds of race and class, depending instead on the engagement of small subsets of mostly middle-class consumers. By recovering the connections between HRG's work and that of other sociomedical reformers who were also concerned about pharmaceuticals, however, I am trying to alter the perception (possessed by critics on both right and left) of late 20th-century consumerism as a middle-class movement untroubled by its alienation from working- class consumers. I also challenge the perception (possessed by only critics on the left) of consumerists as ideologically aligned with "free-market" proponents of "economic" deregulation. By relying upon a spurious distinction between "economic" and "social" (or "health and safety") regulation, such analysts artificially harden the boundary between consumerists and the radical left, make many consumerist actions that were pragmatic appear ideological, and flatten the meaning of consumerist commitment to "health and safety." I argue that HRG represented, at turns, both a perpetuation of the class- conscious radicalism of the late 30s and late 60s and its postponement - a grappling with social determinants of illness that the civil rights and antiwar movements had helped lay bare and a turning to more tractable, class-stratified determinants in lieu of structural change. HRG's story also makes palpable the connections between present-day activism around pharmaceuticals and public health and the long lineage of such advocacy linked to earlier political and social movements. A new generation of activists that emerged alongside the AIDS epidemic in the late 80s and 90s tended to view this reformist heritage at some remove, in part, I argue, because of their alienation from consumer advocates of the late 60s and early 70s. This dissertation thus aims to facilitate strategically-minded reflection by present-day health reformers about the consumer advocacy of the previous generation and the longer history that shaped it.

As embodied social agents our lives are preoccupied with the production and reproduction of bodies. Making, unmaking and remaking our embodiment are ongoing activities. Eating, exercise, washing, grooming, dressing, for example, are activities in which the body engages in routine tasks of bodily management. Such activities can be seen as everyday rehabilitation. The study explores the impact of major physical impairment on embodiment, and on the processes involved in re-embodiment after catastrophic injury or disease. The experiences of the people in this study dramatically highlight the continuous, but largely taken for granted processes involved in our embodiment. Four analytical strands are interwoven throughout the study. The first strand relates to the frailty and vulnerability of the human body, characteristics which are epitomised by the bodies of the informants in this study. The second strand engages with key aspects of the context in which re-embodiment takes place, namely a context replete with crisis, danger, fear, uncertainty and risk. The third strand projects into the future in considering the ongoing project of self. The fourth strand addresses the institutional and social impediments which may confine vulnerable bodies and limit the exploration of more expansive bodies. The study is situated within the general theoretical approach of the sociology of the body. While recognizing the powerful impact of social discourse in the production of bodies, the study focuses on the critical role of embodiment in the reconstitution of self. The people in this study have experienced profound bodily change, but although this damage has disrupted, it has not annihilated their embodied selves. The people still possess and occupy their bodies. It is the obduracy of embodiment which directs the processes involved in remaking the body.

Typescript / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 150-154) / 154 leaves : / Title page, contents and abstract only. The complete thesis in print form is available from the University Library. / Thesis (M.D)--University of Adelaide, 1935

The purpose of this thesis was to study the injury characteristics in elite football, and risk factors for injury with special emphasis on anterior cruciate ligament injury. All five papers followed a prospective design using a standardised methodology. Individual training and match exposure was recorded for all players participating as well as all injuries resulting in time loss. Severe injury was defined as absence from play longer than 4 weeks. In Paper I, all 14 teams in the Swedish men’s elite league were studied during the 2001 season. In this paper, all tissue damage regardless of subsequent time loss was also recorded. There were no differences in injury incidence between the two injury definitions during match play (27.2 vs. 25.9 injuries per 1000 hours, p=0.66) or training (5.7 vs. 5.2 injuries per 1000 hours, p=0.65). Significantly higher injury incidences for training injury, overuse injury and re-injury were found during the pre-season compared to the competitive season. Thigh strain was the single most common injury (14%). In Paper II, 8% of all players in the Swedish men’s elite league 2001 had a history of previous ACL injury at the start of the study period. These players had a higher incidence of new knee injury during the season than players without previous ACL injury (4.2 vs. 1.0 injuries per 1000 hours, p=0.02). The higher incidence of new knee injury was seen both when using the player (relative risk 3.4, 95% CI 1.8-6.3) and the knee (relative risk 4.5, 95% CI 2.3-8.8) as the unit of analysis. In Paper III, eleven clubs in the men’s elite leagues of five European countries were studied during the 2001-2002 season. The incidence of match injury was higher for the English and Dutch teams compared to the Mediterranean teams (41.8 vs. 24.0 injuries per 1000 hours, p=0.008) as well as the incidence of severe injury (2.0 vs. 1.1 injuries per 1000 hours, p=0.04). Players having international duty had a higher match exposure (42 vs. 28 matches, p<0.001), but a tendency to a lower training injury incidence (4.1 vs. 6.2 injuries per 1000 hours, p=0.051). Thigh strain was the most common injury (16%) with posterior strains being more frequent than anterior ones (67 vs. 36, p<0.0001). In Paper IV, the national teams of all 32 countries that qualified for the men’s European Championship 2004, the women’s European Championship 2005 and the men’s Under-19 European Championship 2005 were studied during the tournaments. There were no differences in match and training injury incidences between the championships. Teams eliminated after the group stage in the women’s championship had a significantly higher match injury incidence compared to teams going to the semi-finals (65.4 vs. 5.0 injuries per 1000 hours, p=0.02). Non-contact mechanisms were ascribed for 41% of the match injuries and these injuries were more common in the second half. In Paper V, all 12 clubs in the Swedish women’s elite league and 11 of 14 clubs in the men’s elite league were studied during the 2005 season. The prevalence of a history of previous ACL injury at the start of the study was three times higher among the female players (15% vs. 5%, p=0.0002). During the season, 16 new ACL injuries were recorded. There was a tendency to a lower mean age at injury among the women (20 vs. 24 years, p=0.069). Adjusted for age, no gender-related difference in the incidence of ACL injury was seen (relative risk 0.99, 95% CI 0.37-2.6). Age was associated with ACL injury incidence in women where the risk decreased by 24% for each year increase in age (relative risk 0.76, 95% CI 0.59-0.96).

Thesis--Groningen. / Includes bibliographical references.